The region of Pakistan was home to several ancient cultures including the Vedic

Civilization, which thrived forcenturies, and was part of an era in which much of
the Hindu scriptures were composed.Following the Vedic Civilization a series of
kingdoms ruled until the Indo-Greek Kingdom took control around184 BC. Under
the command of Demetrius of Bactria the Kingdom made great advances in
tradeand culture, and the city of Taxla was transformed into a major learning
center - becoming one of the earliestcenters of higher education in the world.Today
this city, located just west of Islamabad, is a major archaeological site in
Pakistan.During medieval times the Rai Dynasty of Sindh conquered the region of
Pakistan and ruled until Arab generalMuhammad bin Qasim took over in 712 AD,
setting the stage for subsequent Muslim empires.It was the Mughal Empire that
converted much of the region of Pakistan from Buddhist and Hindu to Islam, andas
the empire began to decline during the early 18th century, Afghans, Balochis and
Sikhs assumed control untilthe British East India Company ascended over South
Asia.In 1947, as British rule came to an end in India, Pakistan was created when
the Muslim-dominated parts ofIndia (to the west and east) of Hindu India, were
given autonomy.Those two partitions were called East and West Pakistan and they
were separated (right down the middle)by India.The city of Islamabad, with its mix
of traditional Islamic architecture styles and modern features, became thecapital
city when it was officially moved here from Karachi in 1959.Then, in 1971, East
Pakistan demanded independence, and after a bloody civil war it was transformed
into whatis now called the country of Bangladesh.West Pakistan, now present-day
Pakistan, has been in constant dispute with India over the Kashmir Region,
andafter many wars and border disputes, the status of the area remains in limbo.

(711) Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh, Pakistan and southern Punjab in
India 1000s - 1800s (600 - 700) Turki Shahi controlled the west of Indus,
included Gandhara (565) Sassanians and Turks overthrew Huns (445) White
Huns invaded Gandhara (400) Kidar Kushans came into power (300) Kushans
declined, Sassanian Empire of Persia prevailed (60) Parthians overthrown by
central-Asian Kushans (20) Parthians conquered northern (present day)
Pakistan (75 BC) Scythians from central Asia arrived 20 AD - 700 AD (185
BC) Bactrian Greeks seized northwest Pakistan (323 BC) Alexander the Great
died, his generals divided the empire among themselves (327 - 325BC)
Alexander the Great of Macedonia invaded, captured Taxila, Pakistan (516 BC)
Persians conquered north Pakistan and made it part of Achaemenid Empire of
Persia (600 BC) People became frustrated by caste system (1500s BC) Aryans
came into the Punjab region, followed a strict caste system (1700s BC) Start of
the Aryan civilization (2500 - 1500 BC) Mohenjo-daro in southern Pakistan
evolved as early urban center (3000-1500 BC) City of Harappa, part of the Indus
Valley civilization, flourished (3000-1600 BC) Indus Valley civilization of
modern-day PakistanDuring 1991 Pakistan was involved in the Gulf War,
sending over 5,000 of its troops to Saudi Arabia as part of the U. S.-led coalition.
Then, in response to Indiannuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own
tests in 1998. Today, the long- term goal of both nations is military stability, and
promising discussions continue. On October 8, 2005 a major earthquake occurred
in the region of Kashmir, near the city of Muzaffarabad, causing severe damage
and killing thousands. In the aftermath, money and medical aid poured in from
countries all over the world, and Pakistan began reconstruction using earthquake-
resistant materials on their new buildings. Pakistan's economic structure has
changed from agricultural to service-based, and substantial foreign investment. It is
a rapidly developing country with the potential to become one of the world's
largest economies in the 21st century.
http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/pakistan/pktimeln.htm 1 | 2 | 3
| 4Timeline (Page 1) BC

(1951) Prime Minister Liaquat assassinated; Khwaja Naz (1949) War over
Kashmir ended after UN brokered cease-fire  (1948) Khwaja Nazimuddin
became governor-general upon death of Jinnah  (1948) Urdu declared national
language  (1948) Muhammad Ali Jinnah died  (1948) War broke out with India
over disputed territory of Kashmir  (1947) Pakistan joined UN  (1947)
Muhammad Ali Jinnah became governor-general, Liaquat Ali Khan prime minister
 (1947) Pakistan became independent 14th August 1900s continued  (1947)
British and Indian leaders divided country into two sovereign states: India and
Pakistan (1940) Muslim League demanded partition of separate nation for India's
Muslims (1935) Earthquake in Quetta killed over 50,000 people (1906) Muslim
League founded as a forum for Indian Muslim separatism (1893) Durand Line
Agreement established international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan
1900s (1858) British took control of East India Company, the territory became
known as British India (1849) Britain annexed Punjab territories (now eastern
Pakistan and north-western India) (1740) East India Company gained political
control over most of India (1526) Construction began of Lahore Fort (1526)
Babar, a Muslim ruler from Afghanistan, invaded India, established the Mogul
Empire (1206) Most of present-day Pakistan became part of the Delhi Sultanate
(1058) Soomra Dynasty ended Arab domination, established rule over Sindh
(1000) Turkish Muslims invaded northern Pakistan (1970) East Pakistan struck
by cyclone and tidal wave, killed over 200,000 (1969) Ayub Khan resigned,
General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan assumed presidency  (1969) Martial law
declared  (1966) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto founded Pakistan People's Party (PPP) 
(1966) Tashkent Agreement ended war between Pakistan and India  (1965)
Second war between India and Pakistan overKashmir began  (1965) President
Ayub Khan re-elected  (1963) Cyclone along coast of Bay of Bengal killed over
22,000 in east Pakistan  (1963) Pakistan and China signed border agreement 
(1963) Trade agreement was signed between Pakistan and China  (1960)
Islamabad was declared the capital city  (1960) General Mohammad Ayub Khan
became first elected president  (1958) Mirza sent into exile  (1958) Field
Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan led military coup, ousted President Mirza 
(1958) Mirza suspended the constitution, declared martial law, canceled elections
 (1957) Prime Minister Suhrawardy resigned after losing party support; Malik
Feroz Khan Noon became prime minister  (1956) Prime Minister Mirza became
first president of Pakistan; Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy assumed office of prime
minister  (1956) Constitution adopted proclaiming Pakistan as an Islamic
Republic  (1955) Governor-General Ghulam Mohammad resigned, succeeded by
Iskander Mirza  (1954) Resolution passed by Constituent Assembly established
Urdu and Bengali as national languages  (1953) Muhammad Ali Bogra sworn in
as prime minister imuddin became prime minister, Malik Ghulam Muhammad
became governor-general

(1997) President Leghari resigned, replaced by Rafiq Tarar (1997) Constitution

amended by National Assembly, stripped president's power to dismiss
government (1997) Nawaz Sharif returned as prime minister following
elections (1996) Bhutto's government dismissed by President Farooq Leghari
(1995) Currency was devalued, tariff imposted on imports (1995) Two U.S.
diplomats were killed, one injured, when their car was ambushed while on the way
to theU.S. Consulate in Karachi (1993) Benazir Bhutto elected prime minister,
Farooq Laghari elected president (1993) President Ishaq Khan, Prime Minister
Sharif resigned under pressure from military (1991) Islamic Shariah law added
into legal code (1991) Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif began economic
liberalization program (1990) In elections, Nawaz Sharif elected prime minister
(1990) President Kham dismissed Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and her
government, dissolved National Assembly (1988) Elections held, Benazir Bhutto
became first woman prime minister of a Muslim nation (1988) President Zia died
in mysterious plane crash, Ghulam Ishaq Khan took over as acting president
(1988) President Zia decreed Sharia to be supreme law of the land (1988)
Government of Prime Minister Mohammad Khan Junejo dismissed on charges of
incompetence by President Zia, Parliament was disbanded, and new elections
ordered (1986) Benazir Bhutto, daughter of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, returned from
exile to lead PPP party (1985) Ban on political parties was lifted (1985)
Amended 1973 Constitution was revived (1985) Martial law lifted (1985)
Pakistan was founding member of South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation (SAARC) (1985) General elections were held, Mohammed Khan
Junejo sworn in as prime minister, General Muhammad Zia ul-Haq as president
(1983) Government lifted press censorship from periodicals (1980) U.S. pledged
military assistance to Pakistan, followed Soviet intervention in Afghanistan
(1979) President Zia-ul-Haq delayed elections indefinitely, dissolved political
parties, imposed censorship of the press (1979) Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto hanged after
being convicted of conspiring to murder a political opponent (1979) Islamic
penal code (Hudood Ordinance) was introduced (1978) General Muhammad Zia
ul-Haq became president of Pakistan (1977) General Mohammad Zia ul-Haq
took control of government, proclaimed martial law and suspended part of 1973
Constitution (1977) General Muhammad Zia ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (1977) Riots erupted due to allegations of vote-rigging
(1975) Pakistan and Bangladesh established diplomatic ties (1973) Zulfiqar Ali
Bhutto became prime minister (1973) New constitution went into effect giving
Parliament the authority to elect the president and prime minister (1972) Bhutto
and Indira Gandhi, India's prime minister, signed Simla agreement which adjusted
cease- fire line and created new Line of Control between the two countries
(1971) Yahya Khan resigned, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto became president (1971)
Pakistani military surrendered to Indian armed forces (1971) East Pakistan broke
away and changed name toBangladesh (1971) India intervened in supporting
East Pakistan (1971) Civil war began after East Pakistan attempted to secede
(1971) Sheik Mujibur Rahman, head of the Awami League, declared East Pakistan
to be independent of Pakistan (1970) First general elections were held, Awami
League secured majority in New National Assembly causing rising tensions with
West Pakistan

(2001) Musharraf named himself president a (2001) Convictions of Benazir

Bhutto and her husband were set aside by Supreme Court, retrial ordered  (2000)
Elections were held in three phases, new local government system was installed 
(2000) Protests and strikes were held after new government tax was introduced 
(2000) Worst drought in over 100 years ravaged two southern provinces, over 500
people killed  (2000) Former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif sentenced to life
imprisonment for hijacking and terrorism charges, went into exile in Saudi Arabia
 (1999) General Musharraf declared state of emergency, suspended the
constitution2000s  (1999) In military coup, Army deposed Prime Minister Sharif;
General Pervez Musharraf became chief executive  (1999) Pakistani forces
battled with Indian military around Kargil in Kashmir, more than 1,000 killed 
(1999) Lahore Declaration was signed between Indiaand Pakistan regarding
development of atomic arsenals  (1999) Benazir Bhutto and her husband
convicted of corruption, issued jail sentences  (1998) Pakistan tested its first
nuclear device  (2007) Pakistan and India signed an agreement to reduce the risk
of accidental nuclear war (2007) Bomb blasts and fire on a train traveling
between New Delhi, India and Lahore, Pakistan killed 68 passengers  (2006)
Presidential Ordinance allowed process to release over 1600 women from 55 jails
across the country  (2006) Peace accords signed to end fighting with pro-Al-
Qaeda militants near Afghan border  (2005) India and Pakistan opened disputed
Kashmirborder - first time in 58 years  (2005) Earthquake killed 80,000 people in
Kashmir, 2.5 million left homeless  (2005) First nuclear-capable cruise missile
tested  (2005) Three passenger trains collided near Ghotki, killed 136, injured
170  (2005) Heatwave across country killed over 175 people  (2005) Bus
service between Muzaffarabad in Pakistan-controlled Kashmir and Indian-
controlled Srinagar inKashmir after a 60-year halt  (2004) Shaukat Aziz elected
prime minister by National Assembly  (2004) Prime Minister Zafarullah Jamali
resigned, dissolved the cabinet and nominated Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain from the
Pakistan Muslim League (PML) as his interim successor  (2004) Pakistan re-
admitted to the Commonwealth  (2004) Pakistan began military offensive against
suspected Al-Qaeda militants near Afghan border  (2004) President Musharraf
won vote of confidence that would keep him as president until 2007  (2003) A
second assassination attempt against President Musharraf killed 15, wounded 46 
(2003) President Musharraf agreed to reduce some of the powers he had decreed to
himself  (2003) President Musharraf agreed to resign as head of armed forces by
end of 2004  (2003) President Musharraf survived an assassination attempt when
a bomb exploded on a bridge just after his motorcade crossed in Rawalpindi 
(2003) Ceasefire over Kashmir declared by Pakistan,India followed  (2002) UN
ordered employees in Pakistan and India to evacuate based on concerns of a war 
(2002) Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali sworn in as Prime Minister  (2002) President
Musharraf Pres. Musharraf announced major changes to the Constitution
including: giving himself more power, security council that institutionalized the
military’s role in government, power to fire the prime minister and dissolve the
legislature and requirement for all candidates to have university degrees  (2002)
President Musharraf won five-year term in referendum vote  (2001) Pakistan
supported U.S. in fight against terrorism, supported attacks on Afghanistan nd
remained head of the army, dissolved National Assembly, provisional assemblies

(2012) 14-year old Malala Yousufzai shot and seriously injured by Taliban for
promoting secularism (2012) Nearly 300 people died in garment factory fire in
Karachi (2012) NATO supply routes to Afghanistan reopened (2012) Three
widows and children of Osama Bin Laden were deported to Saudi Arabia (2012)
Prime Minister Gilani found guilty in contempt case, Supreme Court disqualified
him from holding office, Raja Pervez Ashraf appointed as new prime minister
(2012) Commercial airplane crashed in Islamabad just before landing, all 127
people on board were killed (2012) 124 Pakistani soldiers, 11 civilians buried by
avalanche Kashmir (2012) Prime Minister Gilani refused to reopen corruption
cases again President Zaradri and other politicians, Supreme Court threatened
prosecution (2012) Prime Minister Gilani criticized army leaders, sacked top
defense official amid growing tensions between government and military (2011)
U.S. troops left Shamshi Air Base following November border attack, Pakistan
blocked U.S. convoys entering Afghanistan (2011) NATO supply routes shut
down following attack on military outposts that killed 25 Pakistani soldiers
(2011) Seven men, including two police officers were indicted for conspiracy to
commit murder in killing of Benazir Bhutto (2011) Osama bin Laden, founder of
Al-Qaeda, assassinated in Abbottabad by U.S. Special Forces (2011) Liberal
politician, Punjab Governor Salman Taseer, was killed by bodyguard due to
opposition to blasphemy laws; assassination drew condemnation from around the
world (2010) Police seized several people believed to be involved in plot to kill
Prime Minister Gilani (2010) Militants destroyed 27 tankers which were carrying
fuel for NATO troops in Afghanistan (2010) Flooding caused by monsoon rains
killed at least 1,600 (2010) Parliament approved constitutional reforms which
included transferring key powers from president to prime minister (2010) Suicide
attack during volleyball match killed over 100 (2009) Suicide bomb in Peshawar
killed 120 people (2009) Baitullah Mehsud, leader of Pakistan's Taliban, killed in
U.S. drone attack in south Waziristan, Hakimullah Mehsud assumed leadership
(2009) Government yielded to demands to reinstate judges dismissed by former
President Musharraf (2009) Government agreed to implement Sharia law in
northwestern Swat Valley (2008) Over 1,000 militants killed during government-
launched offensive in Bajaur tribal area (2008) Suicide bombing at Marriott
Hotel in Islamabad killed 53 (2008) Asif Ali Zardari, widower of Benazir Bhutto,
elected president (2008) President Musharraf resigned (2008) Yusuf Raza
Gilani elected prime minister (2007) During political rally in Rawalpindi,
Benazir Bhutto was assassinated (2007) Musharraf lifted emergency rule,
restored suspended constitution (2007) Former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
returned from exile (2007) New Supreme Court confirmed Musharraf's re-
election (2007) President Musharraf declared emergency rule, dismissed Chief
Justice Chaudhry, appointed new Supreme Court (2007) Musharraf won
presidential election, but was challenged by Supreme Court (2007) Over 200
killed in fighting during offensive launched by the Army against militants in North
Waziristan (2007) Former Prime Minister, Benazir Bhutto, returned from exile;
during her homecoming parade in Karachi, dozens were killed by suicide bomb
(2007) Chief Justice Chaudhry reinstated by Supreme Court (2007) Red Mosque
complex in Islamabad stormed by security forces following week-long siege
(2007) Protests began after President Musharraf suspended Chief Justice Iftikhar
Mohammed Chaudhry

Currency: Pakistani rupee (conversion rates) World Populations (all countries)

Pakistan Population: 193,238,868 (2013 est.) Capital City: Islamabad (1,330,000
pop.) Name: Pakistan (long form) Islamic Republic of Pakistan (2014) APC
Meeting At PM House Islamabad – 24th December 2014fDec concerned about
Peshawar Attack Conference (APC) of political parties in the Parliament today
(Wednesday) to finalize his government’s anti-terror plan for eradication of
extremism/ terrorism from the country. (2014) Army convoy came under attack
while carrying troops to checkpoint near Afghanistan border, nine soldiers killed,
several critically wounded (2014) Pakistan, Syria, Cameroon had outbreak in
polio, prompted World Health Organization to trigger global emergency health
measures (2014) Cease-fire with Taliban ended when military jets launched air
strikes against militants in Khyber region bordering Afghanistan (2014) Bomb
explosion tore through fruit market in Islamabad, 22 killed over 100 injured
(2014) Militants killed senior judge and 11 others at district court complex in
Islamabad one day after government announced it would halt air strikes against
Taliban militants who had called for ceasefire (2014) Special court rejected
request by former President Musharraf to leave the country for medical treatment,
issued arrest warrants for treason (2013) Taliban issued new death threat against
16-year-old Malala Yousafzai if she returned to Pakistan (2013) In one of worst
attacks on Christians, a twin-suicide bombing outside a church in Peshawar killed
at least 80, wounded more than 120 (2013) Former President Musharraf charged
in connection with assassination of former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto (2013)
Taliban militants assaulted prison in Dera Ismail Khan, freed 248 prisoners, 13
people died, including six police (2013) Parliament elected Mamnoon Hussain as
new president (2013) U.S. drone strike killed Taliban's second in command
leader, Wali-Ur Rehman Mehsud (2013) Former Prime Minister Sharif named
new prime minister after winning parliamentary elections (2013) Former
President Musharraf was arrested on charges for unlawful detention of judges in
2007 (2013) Former President Musharraf returned after spending four years in
self-imposed exile (2013) Caretaker government appointed to oversee elections
(2013) Bomb attack in market place in Quetta killed 79, wounded 180; Sunni
militant group claimed responsibility (2013) Supreme Court ordered arrest of
Prime Minister Ashraf and other officials for corruption (2013) Series of bomb
blasts killed nearly 100, wounded 150 in Shiite neighborhood in Quetta (2012)
Suicide bomber killed at least 23 people in Shia Muslim procession in
Rawalpindi

Religion: Muslim 95% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other (includes Christian and
Hindu) 5%Amphibian: Indus Valley toad Animal: Markhor Bird: Chukar
Partridge, Peregrine Falcon Coat of Arms: Coat of Arms: The national emblem of
Pakistan was adopted in 1954. It features the green color of the flag,and the star
and crescent symbols of Islam.A shield is depicted in the center of the emblem
featuring the four major crops of Pakistan: cotton, jute, tea andwheat. National
Day: March 23  Name: Urdu and Persian meaning 'Land of the Pure,' Pakistan is
an acronym of the five Northern units of India: Punjab, Afghan Province, Kashmir,
Sind and Baluchistan; the letter 'i' was added as a means of ease in pronunciation 
Largest Cities: (by population) Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi,
Gujranwala, Multan, Hyderabad, Peshawar  Language: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi
12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%,
Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most
government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%  Land Sizes  GDP per
capita: $2,900 (2012 est.)  GDP total: $230.5 billion (2012 est.)  Ethnicity:
Punjabi 44.68%, Pashtun (Pathan) 15.42%, Sindhi 14.1%, Sariaki 8.38%, Muhajirs
7.57%, Balochi 3.57%, other 6.28% 1000 rupees
Surrounding the shield is a floral wreath of Poet's Jasmine representing the Mughal
heritage. Below the wreathis a scroll reading, \"Iman, Ittehad, Nazm\" (\"Faith,
Unity, Discipline\"). Fish: Mahasher Flag of Pakistan Flower: Poet's Jasmine Fruit:
Mango, Guava Marine Mammal: Indus River dolphin Motto: \"Ittehad, Tanzeem,
Yaqeen-e-Muhkam\" (\"Unity, Discipline, Faith\") Reptile: Mugger Crocodile
Sport: Field Hockey Tree: DeodarCoastline: 649 miles (1,046 km) Land
Area:(land) 297,635 sq miles (770,875 sq km)(water) 9,737 sq miles (25,220 sq
km)(TOTAL) 307,372 sq miles (796,095 sq km)To convert sq km (kilometers) to
sq mi (miles)use our converter Land Area: (all countries) Land Divisions: There
are 4 provinces, including Balochistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab
andSindh. It also includes the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and the
Islamabad Capital Territory.NOTE: The Pakistani-administered portion of the
disputedJammu and Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmirand the Northern
Areas. Horizontal Width: 265.65 miles (427.52 km) from Quetta east to Multan
Vertical Length: 414.56 miles (667.17 km) from Karachi north to QuettaNote:
Lengths and widths are point-to-point, straight-line measurements from a Mercator
map projection, andwill vary some using other map projections Bordering
Countries: (4) Afghanistan, China, India,Iran Geographic Center: About 147.63
miles (237.58 km) southwest of Multan Highest Point: K2 28,250 ft. (8.611 m)
Lowest Point: Arabian Sea 0 mThe heartland of Pakistan, the Punjab Plain, is
dissected by the Indus River and fronts its border with India;southwest, the arid
and dry Balochistan Plateau extends to its border withIran.The country's most
dramatic landscape is north, as the western edges of the Himalayas, including the
(HinduKush,) is home to some of the tallest peaks in the world.The highest point in
the country of Pakistan, K2, or (Mount Godwin-Austen), is the second tallest
mountain onthe planet, and peaks at 28,250 ft. (8.611 m).

Travel National Parks Museum of Natural History Lahore Sites Guide

Karachi Guide All About Pakistan Adventure Tours Pakistan Times to
Travel: The southern area of Pakistan is best visited during the cooler months
between November and April. Late spring, summer and early fall can be extremely
hot. Pakistan's north is best seen from May to October. During the winter months,
the area may be snowbound. It is advisable to avoid a trip during Ramadan, the
Muslim month of fasting, as food is difficult to obtain during the daytime and most
activities are minimal. TOURISM SITES AND LINKS:We will continue to
monitor the current situation and update travel information and tourism sites as
information is made available. For now, the following sites can be visited to gain
further knowledge about the country of Pakistan. Pakistan's main attractions (for
adventure travelers) include the mountains of the Northern Areas, a large
collection of national parks (central and south), cultural and archaeological tourism
in Taxila, Moenjodaro, Harrappa, and the early Muslim and Mughal heritage in
Multan, Lahore, Thatta, Peshawar and Swat. In addition, bird watching tours,
desert safaris, and basic trekking and mountaineering opportunities are available.
Drive on the: Left Electricity: 220V, 50Hz Calling Code: 92 Pakistan
Tourism Development Corp. (Government Tourism Office) GENERAL
INTEREST:The mountainous areas of the west-central, along the border with
Afghanistan, include the Ras Koh, Safed Koh and Toba Kakar ranges The Indus
River and its numerous tributaries (one of the world's most significant waterways)
drain the entire country. Pakistan is positioned in the Middle East, a recognized
geographical region of southwestern Asia, and is situated in both the northern and
eastern hemispheres. Pakistan is bordered by the countries of Afghanistan,
China,India and Iran, as well as the Arabian Sea. CONVENTION AND VISITOR
BUREAUS: & UNESCO Sites TOURISM TRANSPORTATION:Culture Tours

3 List of Pakistani regional-language television channels o 3.1 Balochi o 3.2

Kashmiri, Potohari, Pahari, and Hindko o 3.3 Pashto o 3.4 Punjabi 2 List of
Pakistani English-language television channels o 2.1 News 1 List of Pakistani
Urdu-language television channels o 1.1 Business o 1.2 Education o 1.3
Entertainment o 1.4 Religious o 1.5 Lifestyle and fashion o 1.6 Movies o 1.7
Music o 1.8 News o 1.9 Region-specific channels o 1.10 Sports Shaheen Air
(Regional) Climate: From the Arabian Sea, to the high mountain of the north,
Pakistan's weather varies widely. In general terms (south and east of the
mountains) the country is hot and dry in the summer months, with very little rain.
Along the southern coastal areas humidity is very high. In the northern and western
mountains, summers are much cooler, and winter brings heavy snow. Throughout
the Hindu Kush and the rugged peaks of the far north, Arctic-like conditions in
winter are the norm. The heaviest rain (central and south), falls July through
September, while winters bring some light rain. In the central Punjab region, May -
July are the hottest months, with daily high temps averaging near 90°F. High temps
above 100°F are common. Winter lows seldom fall below 40°F. The coastal areas
enjoy milder, more consistent temperatures, with daily highs averaging near 85°F,
and winter lows near 55°F. List of television channels in Pakistan From Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia This is a list of television channels in Pakistan. Television in
Pakistan was introduced in 1964. Pakistan Railways Pakistan International
Airlines Pakistan Airports Air Blue (Regional)
 Hidayat TV Hadi TV  Good News Television  Dua Channel  ARY Qtv -
Owned by ARY Communications  Play Max-Owned by Recorder TV Network.
Religious[edit]  Urdu 1 - Owned by Horizon Media.  TVOne Global - Owned by
Interflow/Airwaves Media.  Times TV-Owned by Lakson Group.  Raah TV -
Owned by - Owned by Raah Television Network.  PTV National - Owned by
Pakistan Television Corporation.  PTV Home - Owned by Pakistan Television
Corporation.  PTV Global - Owned by Pakistan Television Corporation.  Kay 2
TV-Owned by AV Khyber Network.  Indus Vision - Owned by Indus TV
Network.  Hum Sitaray - Owned by Hum Network Limited.  Hum 2 - Owned by
Hum Network Limited.  Hum TV - Owned by Hum Network Limited.  Geo TV -
Owned by Independent Media Corporation.  Geo Kahani - Owned by Independent
Media Corporation.  Express Entertainment - Owned by Lakson Group.  ATV -
A joint venture of Shalimar Recording and Broadcasting Co. and SSI
Communications.  ARY Zindagi - Owned by ARY Communications.  ARY
Digital - Owned by ARY Communications.  A-Plus Entertainment - Owned by
SSI Communications.  Virtual Television, VU1, VU2, VU3, VU4 - Owned by
Virtual University of Pakistan Entertainment[edit]  Business Plus - Owned by
Times Media Group Education[edit]  8 References List of Pakistani Urdu-
language television channels[edit] Business[edit]  7 See also 6 List of defunct
Pakistani television channels 5 List of upcoming Pakistani television channels 4
List of International Pakistani television channels o 4.1 Entertainment o 4.2
Movies o 4.3 News o 4.4 Kidso 3.5 Saraiki o 3.6 Sindhi

Travel Hum Masala - Owned by Hum Network Limited Health TV Paigham
TVLifestyle and fashion[edit] Madani Channel - Owned by Dawateislami
Labbaik TV Jesus Christ TV Isaac TV & Royal News PTV News - Owned by
Pakistan Television Corporation News One - Owned by Interflow/Airwaves
Media Jaag TV-(Formerly CNBC Pakistan) Owned by Vision Network
Television Limited. Indus News - Owned by Indus TV Network Geo Tez -
Owned by Independent Media Corporation Geo News - Owned by Independent
Media Corporation Express News - Owned by Lakson Group Dunya News -
Owned by National Communications Services Din News - http://dinnews.tv/
Owned by Din Media Group Dawn News - Owned by Aurora Broadcasting
Services Channel Five - Owned by Khabrain Group Capital TV ARY News -
Owned by ARY Communications Aman TV - owned by sunbiz (pvt) ltd Abb
Takk TV AAJ News - Owned by Recorder TV Network Indus
MusicNews[edit] Oxygene (TV channel) 8XM Jalwa Channel U Kashish
TV ARY Musik - ARY Communications Silver ScreenMusic[edit] Raavi TV -
Owned by Top End Network Starlite Filmax - Owned by Leo Communications
Film World- Owned by Leo Communications Filmazia - Owned by Leo
Communications ARY ZauqMovies[edit] Style 360Food (Zaiqa)-Owned by
Media Times

Dharti TV - Owned by Al-Asar Group Awaz TV Waseb - Owned by Airwaves

Media Group http://waseb.tvSindhi[edit] Rohi TV - Owned by Jahangir Khan
Tareen http://rohi.tv Punjab TVSaraiki[edit] Apna Channel - Owned by Apna
Network Pushto OnePunjabi[edit] Aruj TV Khyber News - Owned by AV
Network AVT Khyber - Owned by AV Network Kay 2Pashto[edit] AJK TV -
Owned by Pakistan Television Corporation VSH News - Owned by Visionary
Group http://vshnews.tvKashmiri, Potohari, Pahari, and Hindko[edit] PTV Bolan
- Owned by Pakistan Television Corporation PTV World - Owned by Pakistan
Television CorporationList of Pakistani regional-language television
channels[edit]Balochi[edit] PTV Sports - Owned by Pakistan Television
CorporationList of Pakistani English-language television
channels[edit]News[edit] Geo Super - Owned by International Media Corporation
(Jang Group) Value News - Lahore-specificSports[edit] Metro One - Karachi-
specific Dhoom TV - Sindh-specific City 42 - Lahore-specific Capital
tvRegion-specific channels[edit] Channel 24 News Zindagi News -
http://zindaginews.com/ Waqt News - Owned by Nawa-e-Waqt Group Such TV
SAMAA TV - Owned by Jaag Broadcasting Systems Pvt. Ltd.

PTV Prime-replaced with Prime TV Play TV - Replaced with Play Max NTM
MTV Pakistan - Rebranded as Indus Music Mashriq TV Geo English - Replaced
with GEO Tez Fashion TV Pakistan Express 24/7- Replaced with Express
Entertainment Channel 3 - a joint venture of PTVC and STN (Shalimar TV
Network) ARY Zauq - Replaced with ARY Zindagi Anjuman TV Aag TV -
Replaced with GEO Kahani Nai Baat TVList of defunct Pakistani television
channels[edit] Channel 92 Hum News Dunya Entertainment BOL
Entertainment BOL News Aaj Entertainment - Owned by Recorder TV
Network Nickelodeon Pakistan - owned by ARY Digital Network and
ViacomList of upcoming Pakistani television channels[edit] Cartoon Network
Pakistan - owned by Turner International Pakistan BBC World News South Asia -
owned by BBC WorldwideKids[edit] CNN International South Asia - owned by
Turner International Pakistan and Turner International India WB Channel
Pakistan - owned by Turner International PakistanNews[edit] HBO Pakistan -
owned by ARY Digital Network and Turner International Pakistan AXN Pakistan
- owned by Sony Pictures EntertainmentMovies[edit] Sindh Movies tv
http://sindhmoviestv.weebly.com/live-tv.htmlList of International Pakistani
television channels[edit]Entertainment[edit] Mehran TV Sindh TV News Sindh
TV KTN News - Owned by Kawish TV Network KTN - Owned by Kawish TV
Network Kashish TV - Owned by Kawish TV Network

Express One of the most widely circulated Urdu newspapers in Pakista UNI
PlusUrdu newspapers :  Hero TV-Replaced with Times TV ‫اردو زبان کے اخبارات‬
WikKid Plus - Replaced with Zaiqa TV G-Kaboom Indus News Indus Plus
CNBC Pakistan- Replaced with Jaag TV Oye HUM 2- Replaced with HUM
Sitaray Kook TV Apna News - Replaced with Abb Takk Style 360 - Replaced
with Hum 2 Ausaf Urdu newspaper published from Islamabad, Lahore, Multan,
and Muzaffarabad.  Jasarat Urdu-language newspaper contains articles about
business, jobs, sports, politics, and more.  Nawa-i-Waqt One of the largest
circulating Urdu newspapers in Pakistan.  Daily Pakistan One of the most widely
read Urdu-language newspapers.  Khabrain Daily newspaper based in Lahore,
. Punjab.  Jang Daily Jang is the oldest Urdu-language newspaper. n

Millat Bilingual newspaper in Urdu Mashriq Urdu daily newspaper in

Pakistan. Lahore Post Al Akhbar Urdu-language daily newspaper. Aaj Kal
Daily newspaper printed from Lahore, Karachi and Rawalpindi. Aaj Daily Urdu-
language newspaper published from Peshawar, Islamabad and Abbottabad.Dawn
Urdu Urdu edition of Dawn. &  Waqt Qaumi Akhbar Ummat Urdu
newspaper published in Karachi, Pakistan. Asas Rawalpindi based leading Urdu
newspaper.Gujarati.

 Azadi, Swat Awam, (Quetta and Islamabad) Dunya Daily K2 Tafteesh,
Lahore Saltanat, Gujranwala Khabria, Sargodha Nawa-e-Islam, Karachi
Amn Insaf Aman, Faisalabad Juraat AAPIslam
 Thal Times (Bhakkar, Punjab) City Press, Lahore Sada e Haq Intekhab,
Karachi Bolta Pakistan, Islamabad Taqat, Lahore Abhaam, Lahore
Mahasib Al Qalam Agah Universal Baad-e-Shimal Chitral Times
ChandZama Sawat

Statesman Statesman as daily newspaper published in Peshawar, Pakistan.

Pakistan Observer Pakistan Observer is a daily English-language newspaper
published in Islamabad, Pakistan.  Daily Times Daily Times (DT) is an English-
language newspaper based in Lahore, Pakistan.  News International News
International is a leading English-language newspaper in Pakistan. The newspaper
owned by Jang Group of Newspapers.  Dawn Popular English-language
newspaper in Pakistan.  Sindh Sindhi language newspaper published in
Hyderabad.Back to topPakistani newspapers in English  Wahdat Pashto daily
newspaper based in Peshawar.  Falak News, Kharian  Kawish, Hyderabad 
Nai Baat, Lahore  Daily Muballigh, Islamabad  Al Qamar Online An Urdu
news network.  Kashmir Link  Chashm e Watan  Daily Media, Lahore
Mussalman (Faizabad, Islamabad)

 Pakistan Tribune, online newspaperBack to topUrdu news sites, radio, and TV

channels  Pioneer A news media organization.  Awami Awaz Awami Awaz is
a Sindhi-language daily newspaper based in Karachi, Pakistan.  Ibrat Ibrat is a
Sindhi daily newspaper headquarters in Hyderabad, Pakistan.  Pak Tribune 
Frontier Post  Lahore Times  Regional Times of Sindh Regional Times of
Sindh is a daily regional newspaper published from Hyderabad and Karachi. 
Nation Nation is an English-language newspaper published in Lahore, Pakistan.
The newspaper owned by Nawa-i-Waqt Group.  Friday Times The Friday Times
(TFT) is a lahore based Pakistani newsweekly.  Financial Daily  Daily Mail
English-language daily newspaper based in Islamabad.  Business Recorder 
Pakistan Today Daily newspaper based in Lahore, Pakistan. 

Associated Press Of PakistanPakistani magazines in Urdu and English

AkhbareJahaLeading weekly Urdu news and entertainment magazine published by
Jang Group of Publications. The magazinecontains article about news,
entertainment, education, health, business, travel, sports, cooking, picture
gallery,fashion, and more. WeeklyPulsePopular Pakistani news magazine. Weekly
Pulse covers world news, science and technology, kids and youthcorner, religion,
international politics, economy, Islam, sports, opinions, reports, interviews,
horoscope, film, TVShows, diet, exercise, health, mens fashion, womens fashion,
as well as Punjab, Sindh, and Capital Diaries. Urdu PointPakistani press agencies
 Geo Urdu News  Urdu Daily News  Al-Qamar Urdu news and literature
network based in Denmark also has offices in Norway, Australia,Belgium, USA,
UK.  Urdu Times North American Urdu news source. Urdu times based in New
York.  Shane Gujrat Providing latest news and information in Urdu-language. 
Urdu news - China Radio  Multan Updates Urdu-language news website based in
Multan.  Voice of America Urdu news from Washington, D.C.. BBC Urdu

Pakistan&GulfEconomistThe magazine covering agriculture, economy, stock

exchange reports, technology news, and more. SpiderMagazineIT magazine
published in Pakistan. The magazine focusing on software review, hardware,
games, Internet, netsecurity, IT career, digital life, tech tips and tricks, ISPs, and
more. PakistanTextileJournalMagazinePakistani textile industry magazine. The
magazine published monthly covering technology, equipment, knitting,non-woven,
raw materials for the textile, natural and synthetic, weaving, embroidery, dyeing,
knitwear,spinning, finishing printing of fabrics, garments, and more.
DefenceJournalMagazine(DJ)Pakistani defence journal featuring defence and
related issues. HeraldMonthly news magazine in Pakistan. The magazine published
by Dawn Media Group and focusing on currentaffairs.

PhoolList of Presidents of Pakistan Since 1947 (With Photos)April 07, 2012 49

Comments National, PoliticsSidrah ZaheerThe President of Pakistan is
constitutionally the head of the state. The recently passed 18th Amendment
hasrestored Pakistan’s government system as democratic, whereby the President is
chosen by the Electoral College,which consists of the Senate, National Assembly,
and the provincial assemblies, for a five-year term. Thus, thePresident of Pakistan
is truly a complete representative figure in the government having the highest
authority torun the government. The Prime Minister of Pakistan runs the state.The
President of Pakistan is also the Chairman of the National Security Council, the
Commander-in-Chief of thePakistan Armed Forces. The post also gives the
President power to appoint the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs ofStaff Committee,
Chiefs of the Army, Navy, Air Force and Colonel-Commandant Marines.The
President of Pakistan is not allowed to serve more than two consecutive terms and
he/she can beimpeached and removed from the post if the two-third majority of the
Parliament decides so. In Pakistan’shistory, exchange of central chief executive
powers have always jostled between the President and the PrimeMinister often
implementing changes through various amendments in the Constitution. Here is a
complete list ofall the Presidents of Pakistan since 1947.1. Iskander Mirza (1899–
1969) Paaras  Nidaimillat  Computing  Newsweek Pakistan, News
magazine  Hamdard Naunehal  Global Science  Family Magazine
SheMagazine(Facebookpage)Leading fashion magazines in Pakistan. The
magazine contains articles about latest fashion news, beauty, styles,hair care, skin
care, make-up, art, culture, lifestyles, entertainment, self improvement, horoscope,
food, health,and more.

In Office: 23 March 1956 – 27 October 1958Total Duration: 2 Years, 7 Months, 4

DaysStatus: Elected democraticallyPolitical Party: Republican Party2. Ayub Khan
(1907–1974)In Office: 27 October 1958 – 25 March 1969Total Duration: 10
Years, 4 Months, 26 DaysStatus: Military DictatorPolitical Party: None3. Yahya
Khan (1917–1980)

In Office: 25 March 1969 – 20 December 1971Total Duration: 2 Years, 8 Months,

25 DaysStatus: Military DictatorPolitical Party: None4. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928–
1979)In Office: 20 December 1971 – 13 August 1973Total Duration: 1 Year, 7
Months, 24 DaysStatus: Elected democraticallyPolitical Party: Pakistan Peoples
Party5. Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry (1904–1982)

In Office: 13 August 1973 – 16 September 1978Total Duration: 5 Years, 1 Month,

3 DaysStatus: Elected democraticallyPolitical Party: Pakistan Peoples Party6.
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (1924–1988)In Office: 16 September 1978 – 17 August
1988Total Duration: 9 Years, 11 Months, 1 DayStatus: Military DictatorPolitical
Party: None7. Ghulam Ishaq Khan (1915–2006)

Wasim Sajjad (Born 1941) In Office: 18 July 1993 – 14 November 1993 Total
Duration: 3 Months, 27 Days Status: Acting Political Party: Pakistan Muslim
League (N) 8. Farooq Leghari (1940–2010)In Office: 17 August 1988 – 18 July
1993 Total Duration: 4 Years, 11 Months, 1 Day Status: Elected democratically
Political Party: Independent

Wasim Sajjad (Born 1941) In Office: 2 December 1997 – 1 January 1998 Total
Duration: 29 Days Status: Acting Political Party: Pakistan Muslim League (N) 9.
Muhammad Rafiq Tarar (Born 1929) In Office: 1 January 1998 – 20 June 2001In
Office: 14 November 1993 – 2 December 1997 Total Duration: 4 Years, 18 Days
Status: Elected democratically Political Party: Pakistan Peoples Party

Muhammad Mian Soomro (Born 1950)Total Duration: 3 Years, 5 Months, 19

Days Status: Elected democratically Political Party: Pakistan Muslim League (N)
10. Pervez Musharraf (Born 1943) In Office: 20 June 2001 – 18 August 2008 Total
Duration: 7 Years, 1 Month, 29 Days Status: Military Dictator Political Party:
Later affiliated with Pakistan Muslim League (Q)

In Office: 18 August 2008 – 9 September 2008Total Duration: 22 DaysStatus:

ActingPolitical Party: Pakistan Muslim League (Q)11. Asif Ali Zardari (Born
1955)In Office: 9 September 2008 – 8 September 2013Total Duration: 5
YearsStatus: Elected democraticallyPolitical Party: Pakistan People’s Party12.
Mamnoon Hussain (Born 1940) Mamnoon HussainIn Office: 9 September 2013 –
IncumbentTotal Duration: 6 months, 3 days and countingStatus: Elected
democratically

Total Duration of Presidents from Pakistan Peoples Party: 13 Years, 14 Months,

72 Days or in aggregation 14 Years, 4 Months, 12 Days List of Prime Ministers of
Pakistan Since 1947 (With Photos) Prime Minister’s post was created at the time of
Pakistan’s independence. Since the post of Governor-General had not been
abolished permanently at the beginning, Prime Minister initially did not have all
executive powers. After the assassination of Pakistan’s first Prime Minister,
Liaquat Ali Khan in 1951, there came seven different Prime Ministers within a
period of six years and all of them were from Muslims League except Sir Feroz
Khan Noon, who was from the Republican Party. Then after the coup d’état from
General Ayub Khan, Prime Minister’s post was abolished for a period of 13 years
and 2 months up till 1971. There was a very short period of recreation of the post
when Nurul Amin was appointed Prime Minister for merely 13 days and alongside
him, General Yahya Khan also illegally made both Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and
Mujibur Rehman Vice Prime Ministers, but they never acquired these positions.
Political Party Having the Most Number of Serving Presidents: 4 from Pakistan
Peoples Party (Also 4 times military dictators became presidents). Total Duration
of Acting Presidents: 3 Months, 78 Days or in aggregation 5 Months, 18 Days
Number of Times Acting Presidents Came: 3 (Two times Wasim Sajjad became
the Acting President) Number of Acting Presidents: 2 Shortest Time Served by
an Acting President: Muhammad Mian Soomro (22 Days) Longest Time Served
by an Acting President: Wasim Sajjad (3 Months, 27 Days) Total Duration of
Military Presidents: 28 Years, 24 Months, 81 Days or in aggregation 30 Years, 2
Months, 21 Days Number of Military Presidents: 4 Shortest Time Served by a
Military President: Yahya Khan (2 Years, 8 Months, 25 Days) Longest Time
Served by a Military President: Ayub Khan (10 Years, 4 Months, 26 Days) Total
Duration of Democratically Elected Presidents: 22 Years, 37 Months, 95 Days or
in aggregation 25 Years, 10 Months, 18 Days Number of Democratically Elected
Presidents: 7 Shortest Time Served by a Democratically Elected President:
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1 Year, 7 Months, 24 Days) Longest Time Served by a
Democratically Elected President: Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry (5 Years, 1 Month, 3
Days)Political Party: Pakistan Muslim League (N)

Subsequently, the posts had been abolished four more times, all when the military
take over occurred. Currently,under the 18th Amendment passed in 2010, Prime
Minister is the head of the state of Pakistan and holds morepower than any other
government official, including the President.Here is the complete list of Prime
Ministers of Pakistan since 1947.1. Liaquat Ali Khan (1896 – 1951)

In Office: 14 August 1947 – 16 October 1951Status: Elected

democraticallyPolitical Party: Muslim LeagueTotal Duration: 4 Years, 2 Months, 2
Days2. Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin (1894 – 1964)In Office: 17 October 1951 – 17
April 1953Status: Elected democraticallyPolitical Party: Muslim LeagueTotal
Duration: 2 Years exactly3. Muhammad Ali Bogra (1909 – 1963)

In Office: 17 April 1953 – 12 August 1955Status: Elected democraticallyPolitical

Party: Muslim LeagueTotal Duration: 2 Years, 2 Months, 26 Days4. Chaudhry
Muhammad Ali (1905 – 1980)In Office: 12 August 1955 – 12 September
1956Status: Elected democraticallyPolitical Party: Muslim LeagueTotal Duration:
1 Year, 1 Month exactly
5. Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (1892 – 1963)In Office: 12 September 1956 – 17
October 1957Status: Elected democracticallyPolitical Party: Awami LeagueTotal
Duration: 1 Year, 1 Month, 5 Days6. Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar (1898 – 1968)In
Office: 17 October 1957 – 16 December 1957Status: Elected
democraticallyPolitical Party: Muslim LeagueTotal Duration: 1 Month, 29 Days7.
Sir Feroz Khan Noon (1893 – 1970)

In Office: 16 December 1957 – 7 October 1958Status: Elected

democraticallyPolitical Party: Republican PartyTotal Duration: 9 Months, 21
DaysPost Abolished: 7 October 1958 – 7 December 1971Total Duration of
Abolishment: 13 Years, 2 Months exactly8. Nurul Amin (1893 – 1974)In Office: 7
December 1971 – 20 December 1971Status: Elected democraticallyPolitical Party:
Pakistan Muslim LeagueTotal Duration: 13 Days OnlyPost Abolished: 20
December 1971 – 14 August 1973Total Duration of Abolishment: 1 Year, 7
Months, 25 Days

9. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928 – 1979)In Office: 14 August 1973 – 5 July

1977Status: Elected democraticallyPolitical Party: Pakistan Peoples PartyTotal
Duration: 3 Years, 10 Months, 21 DaysPost Abolished: 5 July 1977 – 24 March
1985Total Duration of Abolishment: 7 Years, 8 Months, 19 Days10. Muhammad
Khan Junejo (1932 – 1993)In Office: 24 March 1985 – 29 May 1988Status:
Elected democraticallyPolitical Party: Independent; Pakistan Muslim LeagueTotal
Duration: 3 Years, 2 Months, 5 DaysPost Abolished: 29 May 1988 – 2 December
1988Total Duration of Abolishment: 6 Months, 3 Days

Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi (1931 – 2009) In Office: 6 August 1990 – 6 November

1990 Status: Caretaker/Acting Political Party: None Total Duration: 3 Months
exactly11. Benazir Bhutto (1953 – 2007) In Office: 2 December 1988 – 6 August
1990 Status: Elected democratically Political Party: Pakistan Peoples Party Total
Duration: 1 Year, 8 Months, 4 Days

Balakh Sher Mazari (Born 1928) In Office: 18 April 1993 – 26 May 1993 Status:
Caretaker/Acting Political Party: None Total Duration: 1 Month, 8 Days12.
Nawaz Sharif (Born 1949) In Office: 6 November 1990 – 18 April 1993 Status:
Elected democratically Political Party: Pakistan Muslim League (N), Islami
Jamhoori Ittehad *changed later Total Duration: 2 Years, 5 Months, 12 Days

Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi (Born 1930) In Office: 18 July 1993 – 19 October

1993 Status: Caretaker/Acting Political Party: None Total Duration: 3 Months, 1
Day exactly Benazir’s Second Term: In Office: 19 October 1993 – 5 November
1996 Status: Elected democratically Political Party: Pakistan Peoples Party Total
Duration: 3 Years, 17 DaysNawaz’s Second Term: In Office: 26 May 1993 – 18
July 1993 Status: Elected democratically Political Party: Pakistan Muslim League
(N) Total Duration: 1 Month, 22 Days

Malik Meraj Khalid (1916 – 2003) In Office: 5 November 1996 – 17 February

1997 Status: Caretaker/Acting Political Party: None Total Duration: 3 Months, 12
Days Nawaz’s Third Term: In Office: 17 February 1997 – 12 October 1999 Status:
Elected democratically Political Party: Pakistan Muslim League (N) Total
Duration: 2 Years, 7 Months, 23 Days Post Abolished: 12 October 1999 – 20
November 2002 Total Duration of Abolishment: 3 Years, 1 Month, 8 Days

13. Zafarullah Khan Jamali (Born 1944)In Office: 21 November 2002 – 26 June
2004Status: Acting/Appointed by the PresidentPolitical Party: Pakistan Muslim
League (Q)Total Duration: 1 Year, 7 Months, 5 Days14. Chaudhry Shujaat
Hussain (Born 1946)In Office: 30 June 2004 – 20 August 2004Status: Elected
democraticallyPolitical Party: Pakistan Muslim League (Q)Total Duration: 1
Month, 21 Days

Muhammad Mian Soomro (Born 1950) In Office: 16 November 2007 – 25 March

2008 Status: Caretaker/Acting Political Party: Pakistan Muslim League (Q) Total
Duration: 4 Months, 9 Days15. Shaukat Aziz (Born 1949) In Office: 20 August
2004 – 16 November 2007 Status: Elected democratically Political Party: Pakistan
Muslim League (Q) Total Duration: 3 Years, 2 Months, 27 Days

16. Yousaf Raza Gillani (Born 1952)In Office: 25 March 2008 – 19 June
2012Status: Elected democraticallyPolitical Party: Pakistan Peoples PartyTotal
Duration: 4 Years, 2 Months, 25 Days17. Raja Pervaiz Ashraf (1950) Raja Pervaiz
AshrafIn Office: 22 June 2012 – 25 March 2013Status: Assumed Prime Minister’s
role when his predecessor, Yousuf Raza Gilani was disqualified by theSupreme
Court of Pakistan on contempt of court charges.Political Party: Pakistan People’s
PartyTotal Duration: 9 Months, 3 Days

Longest Time Served by a Prime Minister: Yousuf Raza Gilani (4 Years, 2

Months, 25Days). Previously, Liaquat Ali Khan served the longest time as Prime
Minister (4 Years, 2 Months, 218. Mir Hazar Khan Khoso (1929) Mir Hazar
Khan KhosoIn Office: 25 March 2013 – 4 June 2013Status: Caretaker Prime
Minister.Political Party: IndependentTotal Duration: 2 Months, 10 Days 19. Mian
Muhammad Nazwaz Sharif (1949) Mian Nawaz SharifIn Office: 5 June 2013 –
continued---Status: Elected Prime Minister.Political Party: Muslim League
(N)Duration as of June 2013: 9 months, 6 days and counting.

Political Party Having the Most Number of Serving Prime Ministers: 5 from
Muslim Shortest Time Served by a Prime Minister: Nurul Amin (13 Days) during
1971 Bangladesh-Pakistan WarDays). After aggregating Nawaz Sharif’s three
terms, his duration totals up to 4 years, 13 months and 57 days or 5 years, 2 month
and 27 days. After aggregating Benazir Bhutto’s two terms, her duration totals up
to 4 years, 8 months and 21 days. Thus both Nawaz Sharif and Benazir Bhutto are
the longest non-consecutively serving prime ministers. Total Duration of
Caretakers’ Terms: 17 Months, 10 Days or in aggregation 1 Year, 5 Months and 10
days. 10 Great Books on Pakistan’s History This is not a list of ‘top 10’ or ‘must
read’ books about Pakistan in the traditional sense. Rather, it’s a collection of titles
that present a wide range of perspectives about a country that has a complex past
and, to put it mildly, a confusing present. It covers topics that include everything
from the history behind the creation of Pakistan, to the man who led the
movement, to a critique of how our history is being presented today, to a glimpse
into the future. The Great Divide Britain–India–Pakistan; by H. V. Hodson This
book looks back at the final days of the Raj (British rule) up to the creation of
Pakistan. The author discusses in great detail the events that led to the partition,
how the power was transferred to the two nations and the aftermath of this history-
altering event. The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League, and the Demand
for Pakistan; by Ayesha Jalal Although most historical accounts assert that the
“two-nation theory” was the basis of the creation of Pakistan, there are opposing
arguments as well. In her book, Ayesha Jalal refutes the conventional explanation
about the Shortest Time Served by a Caretaker: Balakh Sher Mazari (1 Month, 8
Days) Longest Time Served by a Caretaker: Muhammad Mian Soomro (4
Months, 9 Days) Number of Times Caretakers Came: 6 Times Shortest Post
Abolishment Period: 6 Months, 3 Days after the death of Zia-ul-Haq Longest Post
Abolishment Period: 13 Years, 2 Months during Zia-ul-Haq’s dictatorship Total
Duration of the Post Abolishment: 24 Years, 24 Months, 53 Days or in aggregation
26 Years, 1 Month, 23 Days Number of Times Prime Minister’s Post Abolished:
5 Times Total Duration of Democratic Prime Ministers: 30 Years, 51 Months,
254 Days or in aggregation 34 Years, 11 Months, 14 Days Total Duration of
Prime Ministers from Muslim League: 9 Years, 6 Months, 57 Days or in
aggregation 9 Years, 7 Months, 27 DaysLeague

creation of Pakistan. She shows how Muhammad Ali Jinnah negotiated with the
British government and usedthe religion aspect as a strategic tool to protect the
interests of the Muslims in India.Jinnah: Creator of Pakistan, by Hector
BolithoThis is the first authoritative biography of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, which
remained the only significant work forthirty years. In this book, Bolitho
interviewed numerous contemporaries and colleagues of Mr. Jinnah andweaved
this insight with the political and personal life of this great leader.Jinnah of
Pakistan, by Stanley WolpertComing 30 years after Hector Bolitho’s ‘Jinnah: the
Creator of Pakistan‘, this book takes a different approach. Upuntil this point,
Jinnah’s depiction was quite misrepresented in most of the written works. Stanley
Wolpertpresents a balanced and objective view of this towering figure of the
modern world politics.Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic identity: the Search for
Saladin; by Akbar S. AhmedThe primary characters involved in the partition of
India include: Jinnah, Gandhi, Nehru and LordMountbatten. Among these four
leaders, Jinnah has received a less than fair portrayal of his character, strategyand
achievement. This influential study by Akbar S. Ahmed, counters the prevailing
narratives and presents amore balanced and well-rounded picture.Pakistan: A
Modern History, by Ian TalbotThe populist view of Pakistan in the west is fairly
stereotypical with fundamentalism, violence and absence oftrue democracy as the
central themes. Ian Talbot presents a more refined understanding of Pakistan
whilebreaking down the prevalent stereotypes. He argues that Pakistan is a
complex region and is going throughchange and showing resilience against
repeated dictatorial regimes and economic hardship.The Idea of Pakistan, by
Stephen P. CohenWe constantly hear how Pakistan is a failed state, which is about
to collapse. This book counters this popularargument and presents an alternate
view point. The author touches upon various facets including foreign policy,the
role of army, the role of Islam, economy, etc. Stephen Cohen also presents some
possible scenarios about thefuture of Pakistan.The Oxford Companion to Pakistani
History Edited by Ayesha JalalStudents of Pakistani history will find this work to
be of great value as it encompasses objective informationabout a vast array of
topics related to Pakistan. It begins with the pre-partition period and moves on to
includethe people, culture, architecture, economics, art, education and several other
related subjects.The Murder of History: A Critique of History Textbooks Used in
Pakistan by K.K. AzizWhat we have come to know as the history of Pakistan, is it
really like it is told? In this seminal work, K.K. Azizkeenly analyzed the history
books used in our educational institutions. He highlights the historical
inaccuraciesin our text books and discussed its impact on the minds of the
students.New Perspectives on Pakistan Visions for the Future Edited, by Saeed
ShafqatThe prevalent discourse about Pakistan is fairly similar across the board, the
primary themes of which are failedstate, fundamentalism and a gloomy future. But this collection
of papers from various acclaimed authors tellsotherwise based on research from multiple
angles.Do you see any substantial books missing from my “list”? I’m sure there are and I am
counting on you to name afew. Please share your picks with us.

Pakistan the Beautiful: PhotosPakistan is blessed with sights that are beautiful beyond words.
Mother Nature has been very kind to Pakistanwhen it comes to natural beauty. Of course there
are many incredible man-made structures built throughout thecourse of history but here we are
just taking a look at the natural wonders of Pakistan.Nanga ParbatPhoto by dreamX

Swat ValleyPhoto by AamerJavedRawal LakePhoto by NotMicroButSoft (Back in town)