April 2019 FORECAST (DREAM ENGLISH) PDF

DREAM ENGLISH FORECAST FILE
(April-May 2019)
Read Aloud
1. Marketing management
For any marketing course that requires the development of a marketing plan, such as Marketing
Management, Marketing Strategy and Principles of Marketing, this is the only planning handbook
that guides students through step by step creation of a customized marketing plan while offering
commercial software to aid in the process.
2. Lenient parents
Two sisters were at a dinner party when the conversation turned to upbringing. The elder sister
started to say that her parents had been very strict and that she had been rather frightened of them.
Her sister, younger by two years, interrupted in amazement. "What are you talking about?" she
said, "Our parents were very lenient."
3. Legal writing
Legal writing is usually less discursive than writing I other humanities subjects, and precision is
more important than variety. Sentence structure should not be too complex; it is usually
unnecessary to make extensive use of adjectives or adverbs, and consistency of terms is often
required.
4. Vanilla
The uniquely scented flavour of vanilla is second only to chocolate in popularity on the world’s
palate. It’s also the second most expensive spice after saffron. But highly labour intensive
cultivation methods and the plant’s temperamental life cycle and propagation mean production on
a global scale is struggling to keep up with the increasing demand for the product.
5. Blue
While blue is one of the most popular colours, it is one of the least appetizing. Blue food is rare in
nature. Food researchers say that when humans searched for food, they learned to avoid toxic or
spoiled objects, which were often blue, black, or purple. When food dyed blue is served to study
subjects, they lose appetite.
6. Infrastructure
The grid-based infrastructure enables large-scale scientific applications to be run on distributed
resources. However, in practice, grid resources are not very easy to use for
the end-users who have to learn how to generate security credentials. There is an imminent need to
provide transparent access to these resources so that the end-users are shielded from the
complicated details.
1
(April-May 2019)
7. Yellow
Yellow is the most optimistic colour. Yet surprisingly, people lose their tempers more often in
yellow rooms and babies cry more in them. The reason may be that yellow is the hardest color on
the eye. So it can be overpowering if overused.
8. Breeding areas
Major breeding areas, and breeding islands, are shown as dark green areas or darts. Open darts are
shown on-breeding records on islands, and are also used for offshore sightings, that is from ships
or boats. Other areas where species are not meant to be seen are plain pale green, with pale green
hatching where records are usually sparse.
9. Foreign Plant
Although it hails from a remote region of the western Himalayas, this plant now looks entirely at
home on the banks of English rivers. Brought to the UK in 1839, it quickly escaped from
Victorian gardens and colonized river banks and damp woodlands. Now it is spreading across
Europe, New Zealand, Canada and the US.
10. Fast food

Hundreds of millions of American people eat fast food every day without giving it too much
thought, unaware of the subtle and not so subtle ramifications of their purchases. They just grab
their tray off the counter, find a table, take a seat, unwrap the paper, and dig in. The whole
experience is transitory and soon forgotten.
11. Tourism
Tourism is a challenging sector on which to derive statistics since businesses serving tourists also
serve local people. Therefore it is not straightforward to estimate how much of business sectors’
revenue and how many jobs are due to tourist expenditure.
12. Bookkeepers Fraud

A national study into fraud by bookkeepers employed at small and medium-sized businesses has
uncovered 65 instances of theft in more than five years, with more than $31 million stolen. Of
the cases identified by the research, 56 involved women and nine instances involved men.
However, male bookkeepers who defrauded their employer stole three times, on average, the
amount that women stole.
13. Private Equity

It isn’t rate for private equity houses to hire grads fresh out of business schools, but nine
times our often, the students who nab these jobs are the ones who had private equity
experience before even starting their MBA program.
14. Japanese tea ceremony
The Japanese tea ceremony is a tour influenced by Buddhism in which green tea is prepared
and served to a small group of guests in a peaceful setting. The ceremony can take as long as
four hours and there are many traditional gestures that both the server and the guest must
perform.
15. Ignorance and Lethargy
2
(April-May 2019)
In his landmark account, first published over twenty years ago, the author argues that the ignorance
and lethargy of the poor are direct the whole situation of economic, social and political domination.
By being kept in a situation in which critical awareness and response are practically impossible, the
disadvantaged are kept ‘submerged’.
16. 21st century
The beginning of the twenty-first century will be remembered, nor for military conflicts or
political events, but for a whole new age of globalization – a ‘flattening’ of the world. The
explosion of advanced technologies now means that suddenly knowledge pools and resources
have connected all over the planet, levelling the playing field as never before.
17. Incentive Pay Schemes
If bonus or incentive pay schemes work so well for chief executive and bankers, why does
everyone not get them? After all, many jobs involve making important decisions or taking
risks is there anything about corporate decision and financial risks that makes these
categories of work special in terms of how they need to be incentivized and rewarded?
3
(April-May 2019)
Repeat Sentences
1. It’s important to keep this medicine in the fridge.
2. She doesn’t even care about anything but what is honest and true.
3. In spite of the cold temperature, the sky is clear and blue.
4. Columbia is a world leading coffee exporter.
5. Half of the marks in mathematics are allocated to the correct working.
6. The doctor was not here today.
7. Distinguish him from others is the dramatic use of black and white photography.
8. Chapter one provides the historical background to the topic.
9. The small Indian state is a land of forest valleys and snowy islands.
10. The first person in space was from the Soviet Union.
11. Biographical information should be removed before the publication of the results.
12. I could not save my work as my computer got crashed.
13. Portfolio is due to the internal review office no later than Tuesday.
14. Resident’s hall is closed prior to the academic building closing time in the semester.
15. Acupuncture is a technique involved in traditional Chinese medicine..
16. The fertile plains in the east of the region provide an excellent land for farming.
17. Tomorrow’s lunchtime seminar on nuclear engineering has been postponed.
18. In our institute students have access to thirteen college libraries?
19. You should include your name and identification number in the registration form.
20. Leading scientists speculate that numerous planets could support life forms.
21. That country’s economy is primarily based on tourism.
22. The television output is giving evident educational programming.
23. She doesn’t even care about anything but what is honest and true.
24. Is hypothesis on black hole as rendered moot as explanation of university?
25. Higher fees cause the student to look more critically at what universities offer.
26. His academic supervisor called in to see him last night.
27. Tomorrow’s lunchtime seminar on nuclear engineering has been postponed.
28. The chemistry building is still open during vacation.
29. Number the beakers and put them away by tomorrow.
30. Companies need to satisfy customer’s needs if they want to be successful.
31. Spiritualism is defined as a system of belief or religious practice.
32. Student loans are now available for international students.
33. By clicking this button, you agree with the terms and conditions of this website.
34. There is limited funding in this department to support qualified students.
35. Physics is a detailed study of matters and energy.
36. Could you please pass the handouts to the students that are in your row?
37. The program will be shown on the television during the weekend.
38. The research for universal explanations plays an important role in the development of
archaeological theory.
39. The aim of the work, presented could be formulated as follows.
40. Some methods of clinical applications have been presented a well.
4
(April-May 2019)
41. During the 1960s, several biologists made decisive contributions to the development of
theoretical biology.
42. We have developed a method for evaluation of dynamic changes.
43. Quantitative and temporal parameters of food consumption were used.
44. Proteins constitute at least 30% of the total mass of all living organisms.
45. Most of the strategies are in a preclinical state.
46. Process intensification provides a key competitive advantage in the market.
47. There has been rapid growth in the commercial market.
48. Cellular engineering strategies are highly desirable.
49. Genetic and biochemical analyses have generated a detailed portfolio of mechanisms.
50. This progress has enabled the rational identification of core machinery.
51. Mary felt happy when she learned the results of the election.
52. I used to have a cup of coffee with one sugar.
53. If you have problems, please contact your tutor.
54. There is a pharmacy on campus near the store.
55. As for me, it is a strategy to go to judicial review.
56. Dr. Green’s office has been moved to the second floor of the building.
57. Please register your student email account at your earliest convenience.
58. The seminar on writing skills has been cancelled.
59. On behalf of our department, thank you for your participation.
60. The student welfare officer can help with questions about exam technique.
61 You should include your name and identification number in the registration form.
62. The theoretical proposal was challenged to grass.
63. Students are so scared of writing essays because they have never learned how.
64. All the assignments must be submitted by the end of this week.
65. The minimal mark for Distinction is no less than 75%.
66. The original Olympic Games were celebrated as religious festivals.
67. The author expressed a (noun.) that modern readers (adv.) cannot accept.
68. The first few sentences of an essay should capture the readers’ attention.
69. Please finish all the reading chapters before the field trip.
70. I missed yesterday’s lecture. Can I borrow your notes?
5
(April-May 2019)
Retell Lecture:
1. Automation
 *Video questions, a male professor tells a lot of data, and there is a lot of data on the
slide.
 *Mainly because of the development of technology, many will not be done in the
future, and there will be data as a support.
 *However, the professional staff will always be stable.
2. Old-fashion way
Video questions, personality lecturer said writing.
First mentioned that she tried the traditional writing style, but too old-fashion way to write,
and mentioned that she needs to change to the storytelling mode, plant her method to write,
feel easy to
3.
High LG and Low LG
Differences in stress reactivity of adult rats are determined by maternal licking and
grooming (LG) during infancy.
 L means licking and G means grooming.
 The experiment tested on high and low level of licking and grooming that mother rats give
to their children, to test out its effect on the children’s stress reactivity.
 High LG will bring modest stress reactivity, which can reduce the risk for poor development
and diseases.
 Low LG will increase the stress reactivity, which can increase the risk for heart disease, type
II diabetes, alcoholism, affective disorders and brain aging, etc.
Australian export
The lecture talks about the comparison of Australian exports to China, Japan and the US.
Australian exports used to be isolated from North America and UK
China is the second largest exporter after Japan.
In recent years, the rise of China has changed the world situation, and influenced Australia
as well.
Australia should take advantage of China’s rise.
Brain development
The lecture talks about human brain development which contains language and cognition.
The sensing pathways which include vision and hearing starts when babies were born and
peaks at 3-month old, subsides around 4 years old.
The language skill increases from newborn and peaks at 9-month old, and subsides around 4
years old.
6
(April-May 2019)
The higher cognitive function starts the earliest before babies were born, but peaks later at 1-
year old, and subsides around 16 years old.
Darkness between galaxies

This is a photo of thousands of galaxies, which is the largest photo so far taken by NASA.
It is copyright free. It took more than a month to produce this photo by using Hubble Ultra-
Deep Field.
The deepest mystery of galaxies is the darkness of galaxy, because galaxies are not .
 But why is the sky night? This is the question that scientists are trying to
Low child birth rate

 This lecture talks about the decreasing child birth rate in European countries.
 The birth rate has decreased to historical lowest point, to 1.1-1.2%.
 Especially young women under 30 years old are not willing to give birth.
 This phenomenon would affect both men and women in terms of family lifestyle and
unemployment rate.
Dissociation of a Personality
Morton Prince was an American physician and psychologist, his book
 “Dissociation of Personality” was the best-seller at that time. It tells a story of Miss
Christine Beauchamp, who was suffering from MPD (Multiple Personality Disorder)
Miss Beauchamp have several personalities, namely B1, B2 and B3. There was hidden
memory in these 3 personalities.Miss Beauchamp was B2. B2 knows about B1, B3 knows
both B1 & B2, but B1 knows nothing about B2 or B3.
The strongest personality account for most of the time and it will take over the others and
become the main personality at the end.
This case and theory give great help to crime investigation.
Children Overweight
There are 20% of children in USA today have overweight problems. As a result, heart diseases
have become more and more common among children. The smallest is 5 years old.
Cases of heart attack and other health problems are happening earlier.
This has to be solved because overweight will lead to more serious situations, such as Type 2
Diabetes, kidney failure and strokes.
Food Labelling
Traffic light colors (red, amber and green) are used to represent food healthy standard.
Different colors represent different information and categorize food types, so that people
would know what to eat when they need some certain type of nutrients.
 It is the retailer’s responsibility to label food properly so that
7
(April-May 2019)
consumers can choose exactly what type of food they need.

In this way, consumers can be aware of food with less salt or less fat.
Biomedical Engineering
Human used to utilize simple machines to understand themselves and improve wellbeing.
 Later, engineers developed more complicated machines to expand human’s life expectancy.
So that we can have more time to create more advanced machines.
For example, now we have ECG to study the different parts in our body and how they
work, without going into the body.
Freedom of Speech in Britain

In the 18th century, the British policy encourage freedom of speech.
People can talk about anything like politics, military, and the government in public
space, in a coffee houses or on the streets.
In coffee houses, people can read newspapers, criticize on politics.
That period of time marked the significant peak for public freedom.
Civilization
With the development shipping and trade, ships and trades can take people and goods to
places that are very far away.
Intelligence can make the world smaller. But this will bring a lot of environmental problems
on the planet.
Human civilization is a process of trial and error. But- we cannot afford to trial and error
anymore. It is the time now to stop damaging the environment.
Food Labelling
Traffic light colors (red, amber and green) are used to represent food healthy standard.
Different colors represent different information and categorize food types, so that people
would know what to eat when they need some certain type of nutrients.
 It is the retailer’s responsibility to label food properly so that
consumers can choose exactly what type of food they need.

 In this way, consumers can be aware of food with less salt or less fat
8
DREAM ENGLISH FORECAST FILE (Jan-Feb)
Immigration control
Now the economists' calculated, it's a back of the envelope calculation, that removing all
immigration controls would double the size of the world relaxation of economy,
Even a small immigration controls would lead to disproportionally big gains.
Now for an ethical point of view,
 It’s hard to argue against a policy that will do so much to help people that are much
poorer than us.
Western governments give in aid. These remittances are not wasted on weapons or
siphoned off into Swiss bank accounts; they go straight into the pockets of local people.
They pay for food, clean water, and medicines, they help kids in school, they help start
up new business.
Rice
In 1943, what became known as the Green Revolution began when Mexico, unable to
feed its growing population, shouted for help.
Within a few years, the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations founded the International
Rice Research Institute in Asia, and by 1962, a new strain of rice called IR8 was feeding
people all over the world.
IR8 was the first really big modified crop to make a real impact on world hunger. In
1962 the technology did not yet exist to directly manipulate the genes of plants, and so
IR8 was created by carefully crossing existing varieties: selecting the best from each
generation, further modifying them, and finally finding the best. Here is the power of
modified crops: IR8, with no fertilizer, straight out of the box,
Produced five times the yield of traditional rice varieties.
Mars
The research conducted on the Mars the indicates the prior existence of liquid water.
The evidence is that researchers found several elements which are essential to form
water, such as calcium carbonate, salt, mineral, and per chlorate.
Consequently, we can speculate that there used to be water existed on Mars in liquid
form and Mars may be a hospitable planet long time ago.
Space time
There is a black and white picture in which there are several colorful lines.
o In a four-dimension space, time is included.
Face recognition
How can people can recognize human face.This is
a hard problem but brilliant.People should
appreciate XX）.
9
People can get visual information and put a name on it.
 We can tell one’s identity, age, work, health condition, politics and friends.
Recognizing faces is amazing, difficult, and a clever thing. In conclusion people can get a
lot out of faces.
Early Robot
 The word robot was introduced to the public by the Czech interwar writer Karel Čapek
(Chapek) in 1935.
People first thought robots were cute and like cuddly toys due to the influence of
Hollywood.
After the First World War, people started to think what makes human. They use robots to
portray human beings.
Robots were then mainly used as labour force and later also assembled political
meanings.
The Arctic and the Antarctic
The Arctic and the Antarctic show the most obvious signs of climate change.
So we can see the evidence of climate change by looking at the Arctic and the Antarctic.
However, they show exactly the opposite signs.
While the ice in Arctic is shrinking, the ice cover in the Antarctic is increasing.
Why do they react differently to the climate? (The reason might be that) There is only
ocean beneath the
Arctic, while there is earth underneath the Antarctic.
Cloud
The lecture introduced what the cloud is and how the cloud is formed.
Clouds may contain pollutant particles and is one of the precipitation process Clouds
are formed from ocean/sea and air pollution. (Read out the words listed
in the PowerPoint Slides.)
 The impact of clouds include … pollution and high level of … (Read out the words listed
in the PPT.)
Hearing loss
 People with hearing loss they can only hear the sound when someone say the word
‘hope’.
 However, if given a context in a conversation, they can know the exact word even though
they still can’t hear the word clearly because they can see the lips motion.
10
So how often should one have a hearing test? Whenever someone feels that he has
problems in hearing should see a doctor and have their ear checked.
The hearing ability is different from listening ability.
11
ASQ：
Which of the following are real animals, unicorn, giraffe, dragon or mermaid?
Paleontologist
What is a thermometer used to measure? Temperature
What can bring astronauts to space? - Spacecraft.
 Which one has a low humidity, a desert or a rainforest? – A desert.
 How would you call someone who likes to drink heavily every day? – Alcoholic
 When you get lost in city, what item do you need to buy to find out where you are and
where to go? – Map.
 In which direction does the Sun arise from? – East
What material is the tire made of? - Rubber.
What natural resource is used by a carpenter? - Wood.
How much per cent is three quarters? -75%
 How many years are there in a decade? – 10 years
What is the strings on shoes? - Shoelace.
The name of the building where you can borrow books? - Library.
 How would you describe an animal that no longer exist on the earth? – Extinct
 What attitude would you have when you are in a job interview, enthusiastic
or passive? – Enthusiastic
 What publication reports daily news? – Newspaper.
What is paper made from? - Wood. / Trees.
 What century are we living in now? – The 21st century.
 What electronic device wakes you up in the morning? – Alarm clock.
 What will snow become after it’s melt? – Water.
 What is the table that lists chemical elements in order of atomic numbers in rows and
columns? – Periodic
Table (of Elements)
 Do unions work for workers or management? – Workers
 Which sweet food do bees produce? – Honey
What are the things that you touch with you left hand when you play a guitar? - Strings
 What do meter and millimeter measure, height or length? – Length.
 What is the opposite to convex? – Concave
What do we call a festival which is held every four years gathering people together as a
sporting event? -
Olympics (Games).
 Which one has more academic articles, magazines or journals? – Journals.
 Who sits in the cockpit of an airplane? – Pilot
 Which of the following is not a means of transportation: by plane, by public
transportation or car model? –
Car model.
12
 What is the thing that has iron inside and can attract iron? – Magnet.
 Whose job is to treat people that are ill or have an injury
at a hospital? – Doctor
 How would you describe the process in which ice
becomes water? – Melting
What will snow become after it melt? - Water
What is one half of 100%? - 50%
 What does ASAP mean? – As soon as possible
 Which subject studies human behaviors, physics or
psychology? – Psychology
 How many hemisphere does the equator split the earth
into? – Two
 What do you need to see thing which are far away? –
Binoculars
13
(April-May 2019)
Writing
Summarise Written Text:
Columbus
When Christopher Columbus arrived at Hispaniola during his first
Transatlantic voyage in the year A.D. 1492, the island had already been selected by Native
Americans for about 5,000 years. The occupants in Columbus's time were a group of Arawak
Indians called Tainos who lived by farming, were organized into five chiefdoms, and numbered
around half a million (the estimates range from 100,000 to 2000,000). Columbus initially found
them peaceful and friendly, until he and his Spaniards began mistreating them. Unfortunately for
the Tainos, they had gold, which the Spanish coveted but didn't want to go to the work of mining
themselves. Hence the conquerors divided up the island and its Indian population among individual
Spaniards, who put the Indians to work as virtual Slaves, accidentally infected them with Eurasian
diseases, and murdered them. By the year 1519, 27 years after Columbus's arrival, that original
population of half a million had been reduced to about 11,000, most of whom died that year of
small pox to bring the population down to 3,000 and those survivors gradually died out or became
assimilated within the next few decades. That forced the Spaniards to look elsewhere for slave
labourers.
Greenhouse gas
When an individual drives a car, heats a house or uses an aerosol hairspray, greenhouse gases are
produced. In economic terms, this creates a classic negative externality. Most of the cost is borne by
individuals other than the one making the decision about how many miles to drive or how much
hairspray to use. Because the driver or sprayer enjoys all the benefits of the activities but suffers
only part of the cost, that individual engages in more than the economically efficient amount of the
activity. In this sense, the problem of greenhouse gases parallels the problem that occurs when
someone smokes a cigarette in an enclosed space or litters the countryside with fast-food wrappers.
If we are to get individuals to reduce production of greenhouse gases to the efficient rate, we must
somehow induce them to act as though they bear all the costs of their actions. The two most widely
accepted means of doing this are government regulation and taxation, both of which have been
proposed to deal with greenhouse gases.
Overqualified employees
If your recruiting efforts attract job applicants with too much experience—a near certainty in this
weak labour market—you should consider a response that runs counter to most hiring managers’
MO: Don’t reject those applicants out of hand. Instead, take a closer look. New research shows that
overqualified workers tend to perform better than other employees, and they don’t quit any sooner.
Furthermore, a simple managerial tactic—empowerment—can mitigate any dissatisfaction they
may feel. The prejudice against too-good employees is pervasive. Companies tend to prefer an
applicant who is a “perfect fit” over someone who brings more intelligence, education, or
experience than needed. On the surface, this bias makes sense: Studies have consistently shown that
14
(April-May 2019)
employees who consider themselves overqualified exhibit higher levels of discontent. For example,
over-qualification correlated well with job dissatisfaction in a 2008 study of 156 call-center reps by
Israeli researchers Saul Fine and Baruch Nevo. And unlike discrimination based on age or gender,
declining to hire overqualified workers is perfectly legal.But even before the economic downturn, a
surplus of overqualified candidates was a global problem, particularly in developing economies,
where rising education levels are giving workers more skills than are needed to supply the growing
service sectors. If managers can get beyond the conventional wisdom, the growing pool of too-
good applicants is a great opportunity. Berrin Erdogan and Talya N. Bauer of Portland State
University in Oregon found that overqualified workers ‘feelings of dissatisfaction can be dissipated
by giving them autonomy in decision making. At stores where employees didn’t feel empowered,
“overeducated” workers expressed greater dissatisfaction than their colleagues did and were more
likely to state an intention to quit. But that difference vanished where self-reported autonomy was
high.
15
(April-May 2019)
US&Indian engineers
Consider the current situation like their counterparts in the United States, engineers, and technicians
in India have the capacity to provide both computer programming and innovative new technologies.
Indian programmers and high-tech engineers earn one-quarter of what their counterparts earn in the
United States, Consequently, India is able to do both jobs at a lower dollar cost than the United
States India has an absolute advantage in both. In other words, it can produce a unit of
programming for fewer dollars than the United States, and it can also produce a unit of technology
innovation for fewer dollars. Does that mean that the United States will lose not only programming
jobs but innovative technology job, too? Does that mean that our standard of living will fall if the
United States and India engage in the international trade?David Ricardo would have answered no to
both questions- as we do today. While India may have an absolute advantage in both activities, that
fact is irrelevant in determining what India or the United States will produce. India has a
comparative advantage in doing programming in part because of such activity requires little
physical capital. The flip side is that the United States has a comparative advantage in technology
innovation partly because it is relatively easy to obtain capital in this country to undertake such
long-run projects. The result is that Indian programmers will do more and more of what U.S.
programmers have been doing in the past. In contrast, American firms will shift to more and more
innovation. The United States will specialize in technology innovation India will specialize in
programming. The business managers in each country will opt to specialize in activities in which
they have a comparative advantage. As in the past, The U.S. economy will continue to concentrate
on what is called the best activities.
Vividness of TV and Newspaper

Why and to what extent should parents control their children's TV watching? There is certainly
nothing inherently wrong with TV. The problem is how much television a child watches and what
effect it has on his life. Research has shown that as the amount of time spent watching TV goes up,
the amount of time devoted not only to homework and study but other important aspects of life such
as social development and physical activities decreases. Television is bound to have its tremendous
impact on a child, both in terms of how many hours a week he watches TV and of what he sees.
When a parent is concerned about the effects of television, he should consider a number of things
what TV offers the child in terms of information and knowledge, how many hours a week a
youngster his age should watch television, the impact of violence and sex, and the influence of
commercials. What about the family as a whole? Is the TV set a central piece of furniture in your
home? Is it picked on the moment someone enters the empty house? Is it on during the daytime? Is
it part of the background noise of your family life? Do you demonstrate by your own viewing that
television should be watched selectively?
16
(April-May 2019)
Wine industry
In 1920, the eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution created yet another setback
for the American wine industry. The National Prohibition Act, also known as the Volstead Act,
prohibited the manufacture, sale, transportation, importation, delivery, or possession of intoxicating
liquors for beverage purposes. Prohibition, which continued for thirteen years, nearly destroyed
what had become a thriving and national industry. One of the loopholes in the Volstead Act allowed
for the manufacture and sale of sacramental wine, medicinal wines for sale by pharmacists with a
doctor’s prescription, and medicinal wine tonics (fortified wines) sold without prescription. Perhaps
more important, prohibition allowed anyone to produce up to two hundred gallons yearly of fruit
juice or cider. The fruit juice, which was sometimes made into concentrate, was ideal for making
wine. People would buy grape concentrate from California and have it shipped to the East Coast.
The top of the container was stamped in big bold letters: caution: do not add sugar or yeast or else
fermentation will take place! Some of this yield found its way to bootleggers throughout America
who did just that. But not for long, because the government stepped in and banned the sale of grape
juice, preventing illegal wine production. Vineyards stopped being planted, and the American wine
industry came to a halt.
Nobel Prize
This year’s Nobel Peace Prize justly rewards the thousands of scientists of the United Nations
Climate Change Panel (the IPCC). These scientists are engaged in excellent, painstaking work that
establishes exactly what the world should expect from climate change. The other award winner,
former US Vice President Al Gore, has spent much more time telling us what to fear. While the
IPCC’s estimates and conclusions are grounded in careful study, Gore doesn’t seem to be similarly
restrained. Gore told the world in his Academy Award winning movie (recently labelled “one
sided” and containing “scientific errors” by a British judge) to expect 20 foot sea level rises over
this century. He ignores the findings of his Nobel co-winners, the IPCC, who conclude that sea
levels will rise between only a half foot and two feet over this century, with their best expectation
being about one foot. That’s similar to what the world experienced over the past 150 years.
Likewise, Gore agonizes over the accelerated melting of ice in Greenland and what it means for
the planet, but overlooks the IPCC’s conclusion that, if sustained, the current rate of melting would
add just three inches to the sea level rise by the end of the century. Gore also takes no notice of
research showing that Greenland’s temperatures were higher in 1941 than they are today.
The politician turned movie maker loses sleep over a predicted rise in heat related deaths. There’s
another side of the story that’s inconvenient to mention: rising temperatures will reduce the number
of cold spells, which are a much bigger killer than heat. The best study shows that by 2050, heat
will claim 400,000 more lives, but 1.8 million fewer will die because of cold. Indeed, according to
the first complete survey of the economic effects of climate change for the world, global warming
will actually save lives.
17
(April-May 2019)
Beauty contest
Since Australians Jennifer Hawkins and Lauryn Eagle were crowned Miss Universe and Miss Teen
International respectively, there has been a dramatic increase in interest in beauty pageants in this
country. These wins have also sparked a debate as to whether beauty pageants are just harmless
reminders of old fashioned values or a throwback to the days when women were respected for how
good they looked. Opponents argue that beauty pageants, whether Miss Universe or Miss Teen
International, are demeaning to women and out of sync with the times. They say they are nothing
more than symbols of decline. In the past few decades Australia has taken a real step toward
treating women with dignity and respect. Young women are being brought up knowing that they
can do anything, as shown by inspiring role models in medicine such as 2003 Australian of the
Year Professor Fiona Stanley. Almost all of the pageant victors are wafer thin, reinforcing the
message that thin equals beautiful. This ignores the fact that men and women come in all sizes and
shapes. In a country where up to 60% of young women are on a diet at any one time and 70% of
school girls say they want to lose weight, despite the fact that most have a normal BMI, such
messages are profoundly hazardous to the mental health of young Australians.
Tiny frog
Mexico City, A miner in the state of Chiapas found a tiny tree frog that has been preserved in amber
for 25 million years, a researcher said. If authenticated , the preserved frog would be the first of its
kind found in Mexico, according to David Grimaldi, a biologist and curator at the American
Museum of Natural History, who was not involved in the find.The chunk of amber containing the
frog, less than half an inch long, was uncovered by a miner in Mexicos southern Chiapas state in
2005 and was bought by a private collector, who loaned it to scientists for study. A few other
preserved frogs have been found in chunks of amber a stone formed by ancient tree sap mostly in
the Dominican Republic. Like those, the frog found in Chiapas appears to be of the genus
Craugastor, whose descendants still inhabit the region, said biologist Gerardo Carbot of the Chiapas
Natural History and Ecology Institute. Carbot announced the discovery this week.
The scientist said the frog lived about 25 million years ago, based on the geological strata where the
amber was found. Carbot would like to extract a sample from the frogs remains in hopes of finding
DNA that could identify the particular species, but doubts the owner would let him drill into the
stone.
Benefits of honey
According to Dr. Ron Fessenden, M.D., M.P.H. the average American consumes more than 150
pounds of refined sugar, plus an additional 62 pounds of high fructose corn syrup every year. In
comparison, we consume only around 1.3 pounds of honey per year on average in the U.S.
According to new research, if you can switch out your intake of refined sugar and use pure raw
honey instead, the health benefits can be enormous. What is raw honey? It’s a pure, unfiltered
and unpasteurized sweetener made by bees from the nectar of flowers. Most of the honey
18
(April-May 2019)
consumed today is processed honey that's been heated and filtered since it was gathered from the
hive. Unlike processed honey, raw honey does not get robbed of its incredible nutritional value
and health powers. It can help with everything from low energy to sleep problems to seasonal
allergies. Switching to raw honey may even help weight-loss efforts when compared to diets
containing sugar or high fructose corn syrup. I'm excited to tell you more about one of my all-
time favourite natural sweeteners today.
Mini war
In such an environment, warfare is no longer purely directed against the military potential of
adversarial states. It is rather directed at infiltrating all areas of their societies and to threaten their
existences. The comparatively easy access to weapons of mass destruction, in particular relatively
low-cost biological agents, is of key concern. Both governmental and nongovernmental actors
prefer to use force in a way that can be characterized as unconventional or also as small wars. War
waged according to conventions is an interstate phenomenon. The small war is the archetype of
war, in which the protagonists acknowledge no rules and permanently try to violate what
conventions do exist. The protagonists of the small war observe neither international standards nor
arms control agreements. They make use of territories where they do not have to fear any sanctions
because there is no functioning state to assume charge of such sanctions or because the state in
question is too weak to impose such sanctions. This type of war does not provide for any warning
time. It challenges not only the external security of the nation states and international community,
but also their internal safety.
19
(April-May 2019)
World Wide Web

Tim Berners-Lee believes the internet can foster human understanding and even world peace.
Times Online, March 20, 2010. He is the man who has changed the world more than anyone else in
the past hundred years. Sir Tim Berners-Lee may be a mild-mannered academic who lives modestly
in Boston, but as the inventor of the World Wide Web he is also a revolutionary. Along with
Galileo, William Caxton and Sir Isaac Newton, he is a scientist who has altered the way people
think as well as the way they live. Since the web went global 20 years ago, the way we shop, listen
to music and communicate has been transformed. There are implications for politics, literature,
economics even terrorism because an individual can now have the same access to information as
the elite. Society will never be the same. The computer scientist from Oxford, who built his own
computer from a television screen and spare parts after he was banned from one of the university
computers, is a cultural guru as much as a technological one.It is amazing how far we've come, he
says. But you're always wondering whats the next crazy idea, and working to make sure the web
stays one web and that the internet stays open. There isn't much time to sit back and reflect.
We speak for more than an hour about everything from Facebook to fatwas, Wikipedia to Google.
He invented the web, he says, because he was frustrated that he couldn't find all the information he
wanted in one place. It was an imaginary concept that he realized.
Rosetta stone (latest)

When the Rosetta stone was discovered in 1799, the carved characters that covered its surface were
quickly copied. Printer's ink was applied to the Stone and white paper laid over it. When the paper
was removed, it revealed an exact copy of the text—but in reverse. Since then, many copies or
"facsimiles" have been made using a variety of materials. Inevitably, the surface of the Stone
accumulated many layers of material left over from these activities, despite attempts to remove any
residue. Once on display, the grease from many thousands of human hands eager to touch the Stone
added to the problem. An opportunity for investigation and cleaning the Rosetta stone arose when
this famous object was the centrepiece of the Cracking Codes exhibition at The British Museum in
1999. When work commenced to remove all but the original, ancient material the stone was black
with white lettering. As treatment progressed, the different substances uncovered were analysed.
Grease from human handling, a coating of carnauba wax from the early 1800s and printer's ink from
1799 were cleaned away using cotton wool swabs and liniment of soap, white spirit, and acetone
and-purified water. Finally, white paint in the text, applied in 1981, which had been left in place
until now as a protective coating, was removed with cotton swabs and purified water A small square
at the bottom left corner of the face of the Stone was left untouched to show the darkened wax and
the white infill.
Continent Drift
According to the theory of continental drift, the world was made up of single continent through
most of geologic time. That continent eventually separated and drifted apart; forming into the seven
continents we have today. The first-comprehensive theory of continental drift was suggested by the
German meteorologist Alfred Wegener in 1912. The hypothesis asserts that the continents consist of
lighter rocks that rest on heavier crustal material—similar to the manner in which icebergs float on
water.Wegener contended that the relative positions of the continents are not rigidly fixed but are
slowly moving—at a rate of about one yard per century. According to the generally accepted plate-
tectonics theory, scientists believe that Earth's surface is broken into a number of shifting slabs or
plates, which average about 50 miles in thickness. These plates move relative to one another above
20
(April-May 2019)
a hotter, deeper, more mobile zone at average rates as great as a few inches per year. Most of the
world's active volcanoes are located along or near the boundaries between shifting plates and are
called plate-boundary volcanoes. The peripheral areas of the Pacific Ocean Basin, containing the
boundaries of several plates, are dotted with many active volcanoes that form the so-called Ring of
Fire. The Ring provides excellent examples of plate-boundary volcanoes, including Mount St.
Helens. However, some active volcanoes are not associated with plate boundaries, and many of
these so-called intra-plate volcanoes form roughly linear chains in the interior of some oceanic
plates. The Hawaiian Islands provide perhaps the best example of an intra-plate volcanic chain,
developed by the northwest-moving Pacific plate passing over an inferred “hot spot” that initiates
the magma-generation and volcano-formation process.
People watching observation

According to researchers, the invisibility cloak illusion stems from the belief that we are much more
socially observant than the people around us. This means that, while we watch and wonder about
other people as much as possible, we often think that people around us are less aware. This illusion
–occurs because, while we are fully aware of our own impressions and speculations about other
people, we have no idea about what those other people are thinking unless they choose to share with
us, something that rarely happens except in exceptional circumstances. To better understand what is
happening, it is important to consider the groundbreaking research by Amos Tversky and
DanielKahneman on cognitive biases. When people make judgments about other people in social
situations, they often depend on specific biases such as the availability heuristic, i.e., that we attach
more significance to thoughts that come to mind easily. This is why we consider thoughts about
other people as being more important than thoughts about inanimate objects. And so, as we look
around us, we tend to focus our thoughts on the people we see and what they happen to be doing.
Which is why people- watching can be so addictive? What adds to the sense that we are relatively
invisible to others is that people tend to be as discreet as possible about their people-watching. Just
because other people aren't sharing their observations with us, it's easy to pretend that they are not
as observant as we are. Of course, people may share their people-watching observations with
anyone they happen to be with but, for the most part, that only applies to something remarkable
enough to comment on. For most of us, what we are seeing tends to be extremely private and not to
be shared with others.
21
(April-May 2019)
Writing Essay：
1. Experience is more effective and useful than books and formal education. To what extent
do you agree with this opinion?
2. Medical technology can increase life expectancy. Is it a blessing or curse?
3. In a cashless society, people use more credit cards. Cashless society seems to be a reality, and
how realistic do you think it is? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this
phenomenon?
4. The time people devote in job leaves very little time for personal life. How widespread
is the problem? What problem wills this shortage of time causes?
5. Effective learning requires time, comfort and peace so it is impossible to combine study and
employment. Study and employment distract one from another. To what extent do you think
the statements are realistic? Support your opinion with examples?
6. Whether design of buildings will have a positive or negative impact on people’s life and
work?
7. It is important to maintain the balance between work and other aspects of one’s life such as
family and leisure activities. Please give your opinion about how important to maintain the
balance and why some people think it is hard to do?
8. Global problems related to governments and international organizations, what are the problems
and what is your opinion?
9. With the increase of digital media available online, the role of the library has become
obsolete. Universities should only procure digital materials rather than constantly
textbooks. Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of this position and give your
own point of view.
10. Some universities deduct marks from students’ works if given in late, what are the
problems and what is your opinion?
22
(April-May 2019)
Re order Paragraphs
Innovation
Innovation in India is as much due to entrepreneurialism as it is to IT skills, says
Arun Maria, chairman of Boston Consulting Group in India.
Indian businessmen have used IT to create new business models that enable them to
provide services in a more cost-effective way. This is not something that necessarily
requires expensive technical research.
 He suggests the country’s computer services industry can simply outsource
research to foreign universities if the capability is not available locally.
 “This way, I will have access to the best scientists in the world without having to produce
them
o myself” says Mr. Maria.
Music record in Brazil
 Early in 1938, Mário de Andrade, the municipal secretary of culture here, dispatched
a four-member Folklore Research Mission to the north-eastern hinterlands of Brazil
on a similar mission.
His intention was to record as much music as possible as quickly as possible, before
encroaching influences like radio and cinema began transforming the region’s
distinctive culture.
 They recorded whoever and whatever seemed to be interesting: piano carriers,
cowboys, beggars, voodoo priests, quarry workers, fishermen, dance troupes and even
children at play.
 But the Brazilian mission’s collection ended up languishing in vaults here.
Easier said than done

 In 'Easier Said than Done', we set out some of the reasons why we might find it hard
to live in a healthy way, exercising, eating well, getting adequate sleep, and checking
for early warning symptoms.
Perhaps most importantly, we look to the field of behavioral science for strategies that
people can use to overcome those hurdles and to initiate lifestyle changes.
These include Commitment devices, where we make it very unattractive to not follow
through on an intention.
Changing existing behaviour can be a difficult task, but with the help of these
strategies new behaviours can become habitual, facilitating a long-term sustained
healthy lifestyle.
London never sleeps (logic is not difficult)
 London becomes a city that never sleeps
 This change Behind
 The reason is because the lights are installed on the street.
 This invention
Indian IT
1) Innovation in India is as much due to entrepreneurialism as it is to IT skills, says Arun Maria,
chairman of Boston Consulting Group in India.
23
(April-May 2019)
2) Indian businessmen have used IT to create new business models that enable them to provide
services in a more cost-effective way.
3) This is not something that necessarily requires expensive technical research.
4) He suggests the country's computer services industry can simply outsource research to
foreign universities if the capability is not available locally.
5）“This way, I will have access to the best scientists in the world without having to produce
them myself,” said Mr. Maria.
Underperforming company
1) Take an underperforming company.
2) Add some generous helping of debt, a few spoonful of management incentives and trim all the
fat.
3) Leave to cook for five years and you have a feast of profits.
4) That has been the recipe for private-equity groups during the past 200 years.
Date line
1) At 5:12 a.m. on April 18, 1906, the people of San Francisco were awakened by an earthquake
that would devastate the city.
24
(April-May 2019)
2) The main temblor, having a 7.7-7.9 magnitude, lasted about one minute and was
the result of the rupturing of the northernmost 296 miles of the 800-mile San Andreas fault.
3) But when calculating destruction, the earthquake took second place to the great fire that
followed.
4) The fire, lasting four days, most likely started with broken gas lines (and, in some cases, was
helped along by people hoping to collect insurance for their property— they were covered for fire,
but not earthquake, damage).
4. Environmental rewards
1) Mechanical engineering student Ne Tan is spending the first semester of this year studying at
the University of California, Berkeley as part of the Monash Abroad program.
2) Ne (Tan), an international student from Shanghai, China, began her Monash journey at
Monash College in October 2006.
3) There she completed a diploma that enabled her to enter Monash University as a second-
year student.
4) Now in her third year of study, the Monash Abroad program will see her complete four units of
study in the US before returning to Australia in May 2009.
5. New energy
1) Engineers are much needed to develop greener technologies, he says.
2) ”The energy sector has a fantastic skills shortage at all levels, both now and looming
over it for the next 10 years," he says.
3) ”Not only are there some good career opportunities, but there's a lot of money going into
the research side, too.
4) With the pressures of climate change and the energy gap, in the last few years funding
from the research councils has probably doubled" .
6. New ventures
1) New Ventures is a program that helps entrepreneurs in some of the world's most dynamic,
emerging economies-- Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Indonesia and Mexico.
2) We have facilitated more than $203 million in investment, and worked with 250 innovative
businesses whose goods and services produce clear, measurable environmental benefits, such as
clean energy, efficient water use, and sustainable agriculture.
25
(April-May 2019)
3) Often they also address the challenges experienced by the world's poor.
4) For example, one of the companies we work with in China, called Ecostar, refurbishes copy
machines from the United States and re-sells or leases them for 20 percent less than a branded
photocopier.
7. Welfare
1) The Canadian Institute for Neutron Scattering will be holding the eleventh neutron summer
school at Chalk River on May 8- 13, 2011.
2) The aim of the school is to cover a wide range of topics associated with thermal neutron
scattering, including powder diffraction, stress analysis, texture, reflectometry, and small-angle
neutron scattering together with the underlying theory associated with neutron scattering.
3) The theory will be presented in a way that should be understood by people in any of these
fields.
4) For more information, see the Canadian Institute for Neutron Scatteringls Neutron Summer
School.
Development
1. Whatever the idea of progress and a better future? I still believe both
2. The Brundt land Report, our Common Future (1987) defines sustainable development as”
development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future Generations to meet their own needs.
3. Implicit in this definition is the idea that the old pattern of development could not be
sustained. Is this true?
4. Development in the past was driven by growth and innovation. It led to new technologies
and huge improvements in living standards.
5. To assume that we know what the circumstances or needs of future generations will be is
British Economy
1. At the turn of the 19th century, however, only a relatively small sector of the British
economy had been directly affected by the industrial revolution.
2. For each of the three major countries of western Europe Britain, France, and Germany the
closing decades of the 18th century were years of increasing economic prosperity, and the
pace of economic development in Britain far outdid that of the others.
3. It could be a mistake to call the other two countries underdeveloped in terms of cultural
achievement, especially literature, art and philosophy, they outstripped Britain but they
lagged behind in terms of economic development.
4. Even two decades later, the picture was little different expect that cotton had become the
country’s leading manufacturing industry. It was not until the middle of the century that it
could be properly described as an industrial society.
Housing
26
(April-May 2019)
1. The construction of new houses came to a standstill during the war, and this, together
with growing demand, led to an estimated shortage of close to million houses when the
war was over.
2. In the absence of housing regulations, including the availability of loans to the less well-
off, poor quality housing was built by private enterprise to meet the growing demand at
rents that people could afford.
3. Before the First World War, most housing in Britain was provided on a rental basis as
the cost of housing beyond the means of the average family and mortgages were hard to
come by.
4. This created a dilemma, since wartime inflation had pushed up wages and the cost of
building materials with the result that private enterprise was no longer able to provide
the houses needed at rents which people could afford.
Computer network
1. However, the potential for crime is enormous. Some experts believe that American
financial systems are losing up to $5 billion a year to computer fraud. Once a hacker
has got into the bank’s systems, he or she can order it to transfer large sums of
money to a foreign account.
2. Any computer network connected to the telephone system is vulnerable because the
hacker needs only to discover the coded password in order to gain entry the network.
All it takes is intelligent guesswork, trial and error and perseverance.
3. At the first, this appeared to be a perfect example of electronic spying but it out to
be bunch of talented computer buffs doing it for fun, if they had wanted to create
problems they could have altered files or deleted them altogether.
4. A German student sitting at home at a computer terminal connected to the telephone
system managed to hack into NASA computers and read top secret files he and
group of ……….
Risk
1. In 1998, 46 million people live at the risk of flooding.
2. This amount could increase rapidly if sea levels rose.
3. Scientists estimate that a sea rise of only 50 centimetres would increase the number of
people to 92 million.
4. A sea level rise of 1 metre would put 118 million of people at risk .scientists believe that
there will be a sea level rise of 50 centimetres over the next 40 to 100 years.
Scientific Revolution
1. The expanding influence of Copernicanism through the seventeenth century transformed
not only the natural philosophical leanings of astronomers but also the store of
conceptual material accessible to writers of fiction.
2. During this period of scientific revolution, a new literary genre arose, namely that of
scientific cosmic voyage.
3. Scientists and writers alike constructed fantastical tales in which fictional characters
journey to the moon, sun, and planets.
4. In so doing, they discover that these once remote world are themselves earth-like
character.
27
(April-May 2019)
5. Descriptions of these planetary bodies as terrestrial in kind demonstrate the seventeenth

–century intellectual shift from the Aristotelian to the Copernican framework.
Restaurant
1. The physical location of restaurant in a competitive landscape of the city has long been
known as major factor in its likely success of failure.
2. Once restaurants are established in such environments they can do little about their location.
3. All they can do is work to improve customer access to their premises.
4. Restaurants often do this by engaging in battles with local authorities about car parking.
Financial crisis
1. Despite the financial stability a high salary brings, research has shown that majority of top
earners are not happy in their jobs.
2. It seems that lack of psychological reward is the reason their dissatisfaction.
3. However, most of these workers would not consider career alternatives.
4. Interestingly, it is not the risk of decrease in salary which prevents this move.
5. The fear of criticism for colleagues, friends and family is the main factor that obstructs a
change in their employment situation.
Electricity
1. A result of not being connected to the electricity grand in the rural areas of some countries
means light their homes using kerosene lamps.
2. In addition to being fairly costly these create smoke pollution and carbon emission.
3. Therefore alternatives are being investigated.
4. One such example is a solar penal which could charge an LED lamp to create hours of light
each day.
Cells
1 Embryonic stem cells are valued by scientists because the cells’ descendant
can turn into any other sort of body cells.
2 Research … regrettable…
3 They might thus be used as treatments for diseases that require the replacement
of a particular, lost cell type.
4 Some example cited for a possible treatment using these cells are
diabetes, motor neuron disease and Parkinson’s disease.
5 These medical applications
28
(April-May 2019)
MCS：
1. Statement
Key points: The statements of the courts are very short but the words are very round and not
very easy to understand. To say that a new regulation has been promulgated, and if there is
any objection, it can be appealed.
Option: You can appeal this statute and challenge its ethical value; you can appeal it,
but you can't question its ethical value.
2. Labour force
Key points: In the first sentence, the recent social people labor force participation has been
reduced by 4% (?).
Q: What happened to the young people.
Option: unemployment rate rose.
3. A book
Key points: We think this voyage is profitable, and in that era this book was considered novel.
I mentioned the significance of this book for politician.
Q: Which imply meaning or information about the book or author is correct.
Options: This book also contains other; the author wrote the book to make profit.
29
(April-May 2019)
4. Labor market
The UK has one of the most flexible labour markets in Europe. With the active market, the young
are highly beneficial from it. There is a program targeting people who are aged 25 or over, which
have not worked very well yet. Therefore we have to make some changes to it.
Q: Why is the unemployment rate low for the young in the UK, because the young…?
is in active employment market benefits from the program suits the flexible labour market
Ans. more successful than people over 25
Reading MCM:
1. Research on light
Key points: talk about the study of light.
It is found that light travels in a straight line; it is found that light passes through and refracts, and
so on.
Options: Light travels in a straight line; light refracts through the solid material; the speed changes
as the light passes through the medium.
2. 3D printing
With the help of their latest invention in science - a 3D printer, researchers managed to create the
exact copy of a man’s thumb bones. The device can now be used to help surgeons restore
damaged bones by creating their precise copies, which are made from the patient’s cells. The new
method implies a number of steps. Initially, it is important to have a 3D image of the bone that is
going to be copied. In
30
(April-May 2019)
case the bone has been damaged, one can create a mirror image of the bone's intact twin.
Afterwards the picture of the bone is inserted into a 3D inject printer that puts thin layers of a
material (selected beforehand) on top of one another till the 3D object shows up. After successfully
replicating a bone, the copy itself features small pores on its "scaffolds". This is where bone cells
can eventually settle, grow and then completely displace the biodegradable scaffold. Scientists
removed CDI 17 cells from bone marrow that remained after hip-replacement surgical operations.
These cells develop into primordial bone cells, also known as osteoblasts. The latter were syringed
on top of the bone scaffolds in a gel that was created to nourish the CDI 17 cells as well as support
them. In the final step, scientists sew scaffolds under the skin on the backs of laboratory mice.
After 15 weeks the scaffold had turned into human bone.
Option: 3D printer can print 3D image (disturbing item); The scaffold that the printer hits is
biodegradable; The printer's ink is a chemical present.
31
(April-May 2019)
Reading FIB：
1. Gallery of Canada
An exhibit that brings together for the first time landscapes painted by French impressionist
Pierre-Auguste Renoir comes to the National Gallery of Canada this June. The gallery in
Ottawa worked with the National Gallery of London and the Philadelphia Museum of Art to
pull together the collection of 60 Renoir paintings from 45 public and private collections.
2. Seminars
Seminars are not designed to be mini-lectures. Their educational role is to provide an opportunity
for you to discuss interesting and difficult aspects of the course. This is founded on the assumption
that it is only by actively trying to use the knowledge that you have acquired from lectures and
texts that you can achieve an adequate understanding of the subject. If you do not understand a
point it is highly unlikely that you will be the only person in the group in that position, you will
invariably be undertaking a service for the entire group if you come to the seminar equipped with
32
(April-May 2019)
Questions on matters which you feel you did not fully understand. The seminar is to provoke
discussion.
3. E-learning
Remember when universities were bursting at the seams with students sitting in the aisles,
balancing books on their knees? No more, it seems. E— learning is as likely to stand for empty
lecture theatres as for the internet revolution, which has greatly increased the volume and range of
course materials available online in the past five
years." The temptation now is to simply think, 'Everything will be online so I don't need to go to
class'," said Dr Kerri-Lee Krause, of the Centre for the Study of Higher Education at the University
of Melbourne. The nation's universities are in the process of opening the doors for the new
academic year and, while classes are generally well attended for the early weeks, it often does not
last." There is concern at the university
level about student attendance dropping and why students are not coming to lectures," Dr
Krause said. But lecturers' pride — and fierce competition among universities for students
— mean few are willing to acknowledge publicly how poorly attended many classes are.
4. Walt Disney world

Walt Disney World has become a pilgrimage site partly because of the luminosity of its cross—
cultural and marketing and partly because its utopian aspects appeal powerfully to real needs in
the capitalist society. Disney's marketing is unique because it captured the symbolic essence of
childhood but the company has gained access to all public communication media. Movies,
television shows, comic books, dolls, apparels, and educational film strips all point to the parks
and each other.
5. Music
Learning to write well in college means learning (or re-learning) how to write clearly and plainly.
Now that doesn't mean that plainness is the only good style, or that you should become a slave to
spare, unadorned writing. Formality and ornateness have their place, and in competent hands
complexity can take us on a dizzying, breathtaking journey. But most students, most of the time
should strive to be sensibly simple to develop a baseline style of short words, active verbs and
relatively simple sentence conveying clear actions or identities. It’s faster, it makes arguments
easier to follow, it increases the chances a busy reader will bother to pay attention, and it lets you
focus more attention on your moments of rhetorical flourish which I do not advise abandoning
altogether.
6. Climate
Climate is the word we use for weather over a long period of time. The desert has a dry climate
because there is very little rain. The UK has a temperate climate, which means winters are
overall mild and summers generally don’t get too hot.
33
(April-May 2019)
7. Shark
Version 1：
That's not the original question: Shark bite numbers grew steadily over the past century as humans
reproduced exponentially and spent more time at the seashore. But the numbers have remained
unvaried over the past five years as overfishing thinned the shark population near shore and
swimmers learned about the risks of wading into certain areas.
Version 2:
Down the road, the study authors write, a better understanding of sharks personalities may help
scientists learn more about what drives their choice of things like prey and habitat. Some sharks are
shy, and some are outgoing some are adventurous, and some prefer to stick close to what they
know, information that could prove useful in making sense of larger species—wide behavior
patterns.
8. Crime
Most students commencing legal studies will have some experience of crime, whether directly, as a
victim of crime or indirectly through exposure to media coverage. This means that most offenses
covered on the syllabus, such as murder, theft and rape will be familiar terms. This tends to give
students the impression that they know more about criminal law than they do about other subjects
on the syllabus. This can be a real disadvantage in terms of the academic study of criminal law
because it tends to lead students to rely on preconceived notions of the nature and scope of the
offenses and to reach instinctive, but often legally inaccurate, conclusions. It is absolutely essential
to success in criminal law that you put aside any prior knowledge of the offenses and focus on the
principles of law derived from statutes and cases. By doing this, you will soon appreciate just how
much difference there is between everyday conceptions of crime and its actuality.
9. Impressionism
Impressionism was a nineteenth century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-
based artists who started publicly exhibiting their art in the 1860s. Characteristics of Impressionist
painting include visible brush strokes, light colours, open composition, emphasis on light in its
changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter,
and unusual visual angles. The name of the movement is derived from Claude Monet's Impression,
Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant). Critic Louis Leroy inadvertently coined the term in a satiric
review published in Le Charivari. Radicals in their time, early Impressionists broke the rules of
academic painting. They began by giving colours, freely brushed, primacy over line, drawing
inspiration from the work of painters such as Eugene Delacroix. They also took the act of painting
out of the studio and into the world. Previously, not only still-lives and portraits, but also landscapes
had been painted indoors, but the Impressionists found that they could capture the momentary and
transient effects of sunlight by painting air (in plain air).
Reality
Surely, reality is what we think it is; reality is revealed to us by our experiences. To one
extent or another, this view of reality is one many of us hold, if only implicitly. I certainly
find myself thinking this way in day-to-day life; it’s easy to be seduced by the face nature
reveals directly to our senses. Yet, in the decades since first encountering Camus’ test, I’ve
learned that modern science tells a very different story.
34
(April-May 2019)
11. Kimbell
The first section of the book covers new modes of assessment. In Chapter 1, Kimbell
(Goldsmith College, London) responds to criticisms of design programs as formalistic and
conventional, stating that a focus on risk-taking rather than hard work in design innovation is
equally problematic. His research contains three parts that include preliminary exploration of
design innovation qualities, investigation of resulting classroom practices, and development
of evidence-based assessment. The assessment he describes is presented in the form of a
structured worksheet, which includes a collaborative element and digital photographs, in
story format. Such a device encourages stimulating ideas, but does not recognize students as
design innovators. The assessment sheet includes holistic impressions as well as details
about “having growing, and proving” ideas. Colloquial judgments are evident in terms such
as “wow” and “yawn” and reward the quality and quantity of ideas with the term,
“spikiness”, which fittingly is a pun as the model project was to design light bulb packaging.
In addition, the assessment focuses on the process of optimizing or complexity control as
well as proving ideas with thoughtful criticism and not just generation of novel ideas. The
definitions for qualities such as “technical” and “aesthetic” pertaining to users, are too narrow
and ill-defined. The author provides examples of the project, its features and structures,
students’ notes and judgments, and their sketches and photographs of finished light bulb
packages, in the Appendix.
12. Oxford School
When I enrolled in my master's course at Oxford last year, I had come straight from medical
school with the decision to leave clinical science for good. Thinking back, I realize that I
didn't put very much weight on this decision at the time. But today, I more clearly understand
the consequences of leaving my original profession. When I meet old friends who are now
physicians and surgeons, I sense how our views on medical problems have diverged. They
scrutinize the effects of disease and try to eliminate or alleviate them; I try to understand how
they come about in the first place. I feel happier working on this side of the problem,
although I do occasionally miss clinical work and seeing patients. However, when I think
about the rate at which my medical skills and knowledge have dissipated, the years spent
reading weighty medical textbooks, the hours spent at the bedside, I sometimes wonder if
these years were partly a waste of time now that I am pursuing a research career.
Nonetheless, I know the value of my medical education. It is easy to forget the importance of
the biosciences when working with model organisms in basic research that seem to have
nothing to do with a sick child or a suffering elderly person. Yet, I still have vivid memories
of the cruel kaleidoscope of severe diseases and of how they can strike a human being. I
hope to retain these memories as a guide in my current occupation.
13. Tourists
The last tourists may have been leaving the Valley of the king on the West Bank in Luxor but the
area in front of the tomb of Tutankhamun remained far from deserted. Instead of the
TRANQUILITY that usually descends on the areas in the evening it was hive of activity. For the
first time since Howard Carter DISCOVERED the tomb in1992. The body was then placed on a
wooden stretcher and TRANSPORTED to its new home.
35
(April-May 2019)
14. In search of lessons to

APPLY in our own careers, we often try to emulate what effectives leaders do. Roger
Martin says this focus is misplaced because MOVES that work in one context may make
little sense in another. A more productive thought more difficult APPROACH is to look at
how such leaders think.
15. . The CLOSING
decades of an artist’s life do not generally make the biographer’s heart beat faster, but
Claude Monet is one of a HANDFUL of painters who bucks the pattern of an irrelevant old
age. While it’s true that time he was 73 he had ACCUMULATED all the usual dragging
baggage.
16.
The Alpine Newt is native to much of central, continental Europe and OCCURS up the
coasts of northeast France through to Holland but it does not APPEAR to have been native
to the British Isles. As its name SUGGESTS it can be found in montane habitats up to 2500
meters in altitude but it can be also be abundant in lowlands and it will use a VARIETY of
water bodies including both shallow and deep ponds and slow flowing streams.
17.
Daniel Harris,a scholar of consumption and style has observed that until photography
finally SUPLANTED illustration as the primary means of advertising clothing in the 1950’s
glamour INHERED less in the face of drawing which was by necessity schematic and
generalized once resided so emphatically in the stance of the model that the faces in the
illustrations cannot really be said to have EXPRESSIONS at all ,but angles or tilts.
18. Well in 2004 we integrated ticketing in South East Queensland , so we

INTRODUCED a paper ticket that allowed you to travel across all the three MODES in
Queensland , so bus ,train and ferry and the second stage of integrated ticketing is the
introduction of the smart card, and the smart card will enable people to STORE value on the
card then to use the card for TRAVELLING around the SYSTEM.
19. One of the most popular forms of theatre is the musical. Combining drama, dance
and music , the musical has been around for over a century , and in that time has kept pace
with changing TASTES and socials conditions, as well as ADVANCES in theatre
technology. Many modern musicals are known for their spectacular SETS, lighting and
other effects.
20. Law firm UWS graduates Rich' Abboud 'and Ann' Ford, whose story first 'papered
in Gridline in December 2009, have successfully risen through the ranks to be appointed
Associates 't leading western Sydney law firm, Colem'n Greig Lawyers. The promotion
marks the culmination of many years of hard work for these legal eagles who’re the first to
raise to this level from the firms Cadet Lawyer program with UWS.
36
(April-May 2019)
21.
Dictatorship is not modem concept. Two thousand years 'ago, during the period of the
Roman Republic, exceptional powers were sometimes given by the Senate to individual
dictators such as Sulla and Julius Caesar. The intention was that the dictatorship would be
temporary 'and that it would make it possible to take swift 'and effective 'action to deal with
'n emergency There is some disagreement 's to how the term should be applied today.
Should it be used in its original form to describe the temporary exercise of emergency
powers? Or can it now be 'applied in ' much broader sense-'s common usage suggests?
22.
Distance learning can be highly beneficial to ' large variety of people from young students
wanting to expand their horizons to 'adults looking for more job security, with programs that
'allow learners of 'all ages to take courses for fun, personal 'advancement 'and degrees,
distance learning can meet the needs of ' diverse population. Perhaps one of the most
notable 'and often talked 'bout advantages of distance learning is the flexibility the majority
of programs 'allow students to learn when 'and where it’s convenient for them. For those
who 're struggling to balance their distance learning goals with working ' fulltime job 'and
taking care of ' family this kind of flexibility can 'allow many people to pursue education
who would not otherwise be 'able to do so. Since there’re no on campus courses to 'attend,
students can learn from their own homes, 'it work on their lunch breaks 'and from virtually
'anywhere with internet 'access. For some it can even be ' big source of savings on the fuel
costs 'and time required commuting to classes.
37
(April-May 2019)
Reading FIB_RW
1. Alchemy
To learn the speech of alchemy, an early form of chemistry in which people attempted to turn
metals into gold, it helps to think back to a time when there was no science: no atomic number or
weight, no periodic chart no list of elements, to the alchemists the universe was not made of leptons,
bosons, gluons, and quarks. Instead, it was made of substances, and one substance-say, walnut oil -
could be just as pure as another - say, silver - even though modern chemistry would say one is
heterogeneous and the other homogeneous. Without knowledge of atomic structures - how would it
be possible to tell elements from compounds?
2. History books
What history books tell us about the past is not everything that happened, but what historians have
selected. They cannot put in everything: choices have to be made. Choices must similarly be made
about which aspects of the past should be formally taught to the next generation in the shape of
school history lessons. So, for example, when a national school curriculum for England and Wales
was first discussed at the end of the 1980s, the history curriculum was the subject of considerable
public and media interest. Politicians argued about it; people wrote letters to the press about it; the
Prime Minister of the time, Margaret Thatcher, intervened in the debate. Let us think first about
the question of content. There were two main camps on this issue – those who thought the history
of Britain should take pride of place, and those who favored what was referred to as 'world
history'.
38
(April-May 2019)
3. Interdisciplinary center
A new interdisciplinary center for the study of the frontiers of the universe, from the tiniest
subatomic particle to the largest chain of galaxies, has been formed at The University of Texas at
Austin. The Texas Cosmology Center will be a way for the university's departments of Astronomy
and Physics to collaborate on research that concerns them both. "This center will bring the two
departments together in an area where they overlap in the physics of the very early universe," said
Dr. Neal Evans, Astronomy Department chair. Astronomical observations have revealed the
presence of dark matter and dark energy, discoveries that challenge our knowledge of fundamental
physics. And today's leading theories in physics involve energies so high that no Earth-bound
particle accelerator can test them. They need the universe as their laboratory. Dr. Steven Weinberg,
Nobel laureate and professor of physics at the university, called the Center's advent "a very exciting
development" for that department.
4. Daniel Harris
Daniel Harris, a scholar of consumption and style, has observed that until photography finally
supplanted illustration as the “primary means of advertising clothing” in the 1950s, glamour
inhered less in the face of the drawing, which was by necessity schematic and generalized, than in
the sketch’s attitude, posture, and gestures, especially in the strangely dainty positions of the hands.
Glamour once resided so emphatically in the stance of the model that the faces in the illustrations
cannot really be said to have expressions at all, but angles or tilts. Illustrations cannot really be said
to have at all, but angles or tilts. The chin raised upwards in a haughty look; the eyes lowered in an
attitude of introspection; the head cocked at an inquisitive or coquettish angle: or the profile
presented in sharp outline, emanating power the severity like an emperor's bust embossed on a
Roman coin.
5. TV
If you see a movie, or a TV advertisement, that involves a fluid behaving in an unusual way,
it was probably made using technology based on the work of a Monash researcher. Professor
Joseph Monaghan who pioneered an influential method for interpreting the behaviour of
liquids that underlies most special effects involving water has been honored with election to
the Australian Academy of Sciences. His research started in 1977 when he tried to use
computer simulation to describe the formation of stars and stellar systems. The algorithms
available at the time were Incapable the complicated systems that evolve out the chaotic
clouds of glass in the galaxy or gas in the simulation with large numbers of particles with
properties that mimicked those of the fluid.
6. Intelligence
Comparing the intelligence of animals of different species is difficult, how do you
compare a dolphin and a horse? Psychologists have a technique for looking at
intelligence that does not require the cooperation of the animal involved. the relative
size of an individual's brain is a reasonable indication of intelligence. Comparing
ACROSS species is not as simple an elephant will have a larger brain than a human
simple because it is a large beast. instead we use theCephalization index, which
7. compare the size of an animal' s brain to the size of its body.
Based on the Cephalization index, the brightest animals on the planet are humans,
followed by great apes, porpoises and elephants. As a general rule animals that hunt for a
living(like canines) are smarter than strict vegetarians (you don't need much intelligence
39
(April-May 2019)
to outsmart a leaf of lettuce). Animals that live in social groups are always smarter and
have large EQ's than solitary animals.
Techtonic Plates
In geologic terms, a plate is a large, rigid slab of solid rock. The word tectonics comes from
the Greek rook” to build”. Putting these two words together, we get the term plate tectonics.
Which refers to how the Earth’s surface is built of plates. The theory of plate tectonics states
that the Earth’s outermost layer is fragmented into a dozen or larger and small plates that are
moving relative to one another
8. Paper Ticket
Well in 2004 we integrated ticketing in South East Queensland, so we introduced a
paper ticket that allowed you to travel across all the three modes in South East
Queensland, so bus, train and ferry and the second stage of integrated ticketing is the
introduction of a Smart Card, and the Smart Card will enable people to store value so
9. to put value on the card, and then to use the card for travelling around the system.
Latest:
Our analysis of the genetic structure of northern spotted owls
A. distinct
B. several
C. facilitated
D. suggesting
10.
40
(April-May 2019)
LISTENING
Summarise Spoken Text:

1. Memory
The brief and explicit summary encapsulates the two major categories of memories which
include implicit and explicit memory. It has been demonstrated that the latter is relevant to a
great deal of highly personal memories like facts and meaning of words. Furthermore, it was
also delineated that the former is an experimental form of memory which cannot be recalled.
Therefore, memories play an important role in the dynamics of human beings.
2. Housing price in Australia

The brief and explicit summary encapsulates the reasons why the Australian housing is expensive.
It was delineated that, the economy has been increased significantly during the past years, and that
the changes in policy of home loan contributed to facilitating the housing price. Furthermore, the
rising demands due to immigration from the purchasing power also push up the price.
3. Mother and Baby (SCRIPT)

Ever try to get a baby to smile? It can seem close to impossible—and then suddenly there it is: that
elusive, seemingly joyous grin. Well，it turns out those smiles aren't spontaneous—they're
strategic. Researchers have found that when babies smile, it’s for a reason. They want whoever
they're interacting with —typically a parent—to smile back. And they time it just so, a smile here
and a smile there. The researchers call it sophisticated timing. The study is in the journal PLOS
ONE. The researchers enlisted real mothers and infants and quantified their interactions, which fell
into four categories. One: babies wanted to maximize the amount of time smiling at their mothers.
Two: they wanted to maximize the time the mothers smiled at them. Three: they wanted to
experience simultaneous smiling, and four: no smiling at all.
By studying when smiles happened and what the subsequent effect was, the investigators were
able to figure out that for mothers the goal 70 percent of the time was to be smiling
simultaneously while for babies 80 percent of the time they just wanted their mother smiling at
them. So, mothers want the interaction, while babies just want to be smiled at. So your baby may
not be able to feed itself, talk or even turn over yet. But when it comes to smiles, babies seem to
know exactly what they’re up to.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D, also known as the sunshine vitamin, is neither dietary nor real vitamin since it
needs sunlight to be absorbed, Vitamin D is actually a kind of pro-hormone. For people who
live near the equator or in summer, they will have sufficient vitamin D because they have
sufficient sunshine exposure. For those who live away from the equator or in winter, they
will have less vitamin D because they have to wear more clothes; the level of vitamin D is
low because of the less exposure of sunlight.
Talent War
41
(April-May 2019)
Due to the lack/shortage of talent, big companies and developed countries are searching for talents.
Some young immigrants graduate with a degree in university and then compete with local students
for a job in local companies, which is also the way developed countries attract talents. Meanwhile,
organizations and countries should put talent in the primary position. The deficiency of talents is
caused by the burst of economic bubbles, while the demand for talents has tripled in companies.
One of the reasons for that is the aging of the baby boomer generation. Another reason is the
collapse of employee loyalty where employees change their jobs more frequently. The third reason
is the mismatch between school taught knowledge and companies'/employers' requirements.
Three times of Family

Nuclear family includes only a mother, a father and children. This is the most common
family type in western countries.
Extended family includes grandparents, parents and children. Geographical proximity
Family: family members do not live with grandparents or parents, but keep in contact with
them on a daily basis over the phone or the internet.
Non Verbal Communication
This lecture talks about the non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is
important that includes facial expression, gesture and posture. Therefore, we may understand
people’s meaning behind the words through facial expressions and emotions. We could use
nonverbal communication in presentations and interviews. Non-verbal communication
includes people’s body language, which can convey your attitude by how you deliver, as
well as some other aspects such as dressing code.
Competition
Competition can drive performance, and this is why departments in companies would like to rank
employees’ performance. They do so because they believe people with fear or hope will perform
better. All companies over the world are using this as their predominant practice. Moreover, battles
between companies can also improve the quality of their services to customers, which can urge
companies to be more creative.
Sports industry
Spots industry needs cooperation, but competition is the most important in most of other
industries. For companies like Telstra and Optus, there is always competition between them
and customers can be better off from the competition. But for companies in sports, there is an
unusual cooperation between companies. For instance, they need to cooperate to use the
stadium on Friday nights. (Anti-trust legislation)
Sugar
Children have been losing childhood both in the past and now. In the 19th century, the
reason of losing childhood was that children needed to work at an early age with high risks
of staying around the streets. However, the reasons why children are losing childhood vary
according to the change of society such as the changing aspects of gender and commercial
advertisements
42
(April-May 2019)
Ugly building
The lecturer used to live in West London and every time he walked through the streets there, he
saw many ugly buildings on the both sides. Those ugly buildings last hundreds of years and had
long-term negative impacts on beholders by causing frustration and anger, unlike a bad book,
which last just several years. Architects should learn from some buildings in Rome, which are
beautiful and have last since ancient times. But architects say beauty is an arrogant word and do
not think their works are ugly, because beauty is in the eye of the beholders.
Big Bang Theory

The Big Bang Theory is a stunning achievement in cosmology, and physical laws inside atom
help to explain the Big Bang, which people used to think happened 10 to 20 billion years ago, but
actually happened 13.8 billion years ago. The universe began with the Big Bang, after which, the
universe keeps changing. The universe is about 50 billion years old, and after 40 years of studying
the star bank, people have found that the oldest star is about 30 billion years old, which perfectly
matches the Big Bang Theory.
43
(April-May 2019)
Misuse of drugs
Drugs used at home can be dangerous. Drugs should be stored properly in closed boxes with lids so
that children do not get access to it, and some children can even open a child proof cap.
Some people take drugs for wrong reasons. For example, some drugs used for bacterial infection
cannot be used for virus infection. If drugs are taken wrong, allergy might happen. If drugs are
taken at a wrong dosage under a wrong indication, drug resistance may develop. Physicians should
give correct indications and stress the importance of taking the drugs right to the patients. For
example, patients should finish the whole course of their antibiotic treatments.
HTML
When the 90’s was coming around, more and more normal people could get online.
Thanks to the UK, the invention of HTML allowed people to create a wide variety of
extraordinary works. During the first decade, people created web pages, learning resources and
other online contents without normal factors, such as fears, religious concerns, advertisement,
profitability or traditional promotion schemes. It is because they thought it was a good idea.
Persuasive essay
How to write essay writing a persuasive essay is very important 。 It needs collecting materials
and then the essay has four structures and the quotes. Essay is a chance to identify what you have
read and learnt.
44
(April-May 2019)
Prevention of epidemic
The United States has built clinical drug manufacturing and health management in
prevention against pandemics in public those methods include inventions of antiviral
drug and vaccine for some diagnosed diseases. In less developed countries, it is more
difficult for the governments to make efforts to prevent diseases because the lack of
resources is a big challenge.
Academic writing
The lecture is about the good quality of an academic essay and journalism. Firstly, you should
determine all resources before starting writing and make sure how to collect .And then, try to find
out the insight meaning and all aspects. Finally, a good quality of writing should be in logic, clear,
interesting and vivid style.
Population changes
The lecture is about population challenges: Firstly, density change; then, distribution
change（migration patterns change）；finally aging structure change women has less
children）。Old people will be as many young people on this planet。
Manager
Manager should have a broad perspective read more books and go back to university to improve
them. The best manager is not to know their organization better but to be a professor of
management. Experience is not necessary but management knowledge is important.
45
(April-May 2019)
Description
There are two methods of description: symbolic language and body language. The abstraction is an
important layer of computers. Computers use symbolic systems. The origin of symbolic system
was developed when people try to communicate with each other. Sign language was developed,
which means hand words in language. Sign language and movements could help people ask for
help when they encountered rhinoceros.
Decline of bee
There is a conclusion that bees are declining. The conclusion is well-documented and supported by
strong scientific evidence. It is the only conclusion. The loss of pollinators could be huge and
catastrophic. The positive side is that people are aware of it and taking actions to fix it.
Moon Formation
To understand the earth, we need to know what and how the earth formed because there is no
photograph in the past to measure size the planets. Moon is the closest to the earth. The
moon is formed by a collision between Theia and moon has profound applications and
influences on the earth. Without it, the lives on earth would to sophisticated creatures.
Music Record
Music recorder was invented between 1870 and 1890 to help people preserve music for
future generation. Music was recorded in disk (US)/disc (UK) and played in phonographs.
Recording has changed the state of music, and it’s hard to imagine how people educated
music in the past. Music record is the form of existence for memory, and people may even
hear the voice of death in the future.
Theatre Study
Theatre study is a difficult subject in academy because it is a mixture of literature and personal life
experience. It is neither purely literature nor purely personal life experience. t is also a collection
of writers, singers and so on. To understand this subject, you need to a little bit of linguist,-
sociologists and so on. If we move everything away, there are some intellectual and distinctive
things left. Hence it is ongoing process in academy.
Market economy
In the developed democratic country, the market economy is essential. In the 18th and 19th
century, the industrial revolution had a negative effect on living standards, which reduced life
expectancy. However, legislation was issued to deal with corporate coordination and business
behaviours, and also to battle with environmental conditions, which helped market economy
worked. Thus, nowadays, the market economy brings benefits far more than we shared 100 years
ago.
Risk
To understand risk analysis, we have to know the definition of risk. According to the
dictionary, risk is defined in two ways: consequence and chance. And this is exactly what
we will learn in this course. As for ‘safety’ and ‘safe’, the definitions in dictionaries are
different from those in the field of Risk Analysis, but in this course, we just need to know
‘safe’ and ‘not safe’.
46
(April-May 2019)
Height and social status

In an experiment in Oxford University, students from different classes were asked to
estimate a man’s height with the same outfit. The estimation would be taller when the man
was introduced as a professor or senior lecturer, while it would be lower when he was
introduced as a normal guy. This experiment revealed that people tend to overestimate one’s
height purely based on his higher social status.
DNA
Since the discovery of DNA, people have believed that genes have an impact only on
people’s physical structure. But since 2001, researchers have found that there is a genetic
responsibility to human’s physical and psychological behaviours. This discovery has
changed the way we understand our behaviours, and the findings can benefit biologists,
psychologists and neurologists.
Land Use(Script)
Animal habitats are disappearing at alarming rates, making habitat loss the biggest threat to
animals ‘existence. Deforestation and degradation from logging, animal agriculture, and the palm
oil industry have levelled Massive amounts of rain forest in South America, forcing animals into
ever-shrinking habitats and destroying villages. As the global human population grows, forests and
grasslands around the world are cleared to build roads, housing, and shopping centre Even rural
areas –are impacted as small towns and villages encroach on land that was once inhabited by
wildlife. As two worlds continue to collide, the sharing of habitats creates a dangerous situation
for animals as well as humans. Animals viewed as a nuisance or threat are placed in danger of
being trapped or killed, threatening the existence of many species that are already vulnerable as a
result of poaching and the illegal wildlife trade. Human lives are also placed at risk when they
encounter elephants, tigers, bears, or other large species that feel threatened and attack in an effort
to protect their territory or their young. It’s an issue that’s present around the world, and with
massive human population growth placing further strain.
47
(April-May 2019)
Listening FIB：
1. Laurence Stephen Lowry
Laurence Stephen Lowry RBS RA was an English artist. Many of his drawings and paintings
depict Pend Lebury, Lancashire, where he lived and worked for more than 40 years, and also
Salford and its surrounding areas. Lowry is famous for painting scenes of life in the industrial
districts of North West England in the mid-20th century. He developed a distinctive style of
painting and is best known for his urban landscapes peopled with human figures often referred to
as matchstick man. He painted mysterious unpopulated landscapes, brooding portraits and the
unpublished "narionette" works, which were only found after his death.
2. Neo-Latin
Those of you who've never heard the term neo-Latin, may be forgiven for thinking it's a new South
American dance craze. If you're puzzled when I tell you it has something to do with the language of
Romans, take heart, over the years many classes who have confessed they are not really sure what it
is either. Some have assumed that they are so-called ‘Late-Latin', written at the end of the Roman
Empire. Others have supposed it must have something to do with the middle ages. Or perhaps it's
that pseudo-Latin which my five and seven-year-old boys seem to have gleaned from the Harry
Potter books, useful for spells and curses that they zip one another with makeshift paper ash ones.
No, in fact, neo-Latin is more or less the same as the Latin that was written in the ancient world,
classical Latin. So, what's so new about it?
3. Public view
The effect of the first difference is, on the one hand, to refine and enlarge the public views, by
passing them through the medium of a chosen body of citizens, whose wisdom may best discern the
true interest of their country, and whose patriotism and love of justice will be least likely to
sacrifice it to temporary or partial considerations.
4. Water crisis
Now that story’s been scotched, as only part of contingency planning. But it was a symptom of
the dramatic turn of events in South Australia, and it flushed out other remarks from water
academics and people like Tim Flannery, indicating that things were really much worse than had
been foreshadowed, even earlier this year. So is Adelaide, let alone some whole regions of South
Australia, in serious bother? Considering that the vast amount of its drinking water comes from
the beleaguered Murray, something many of us outside the State may not have quite realized. Is
their predicament something we have to face up to as a nation?
48
(April-May 2019)
Listening Blanks
001 loosely 002 brilliant 003 alphabet 004 interest

005 spectrum 006 aspects 007 mysterious 008 sources
009 church 010 gaps 011 generalized 012 doubt
013 whatever 014 boost 015 tremendous 016 permanent
017 social 018 limited 019 association 020 rammer
021 vehicular 022 depression 023 revolution 024 irritation
025 Vikings 026 declined 027 enormous 028 amalgamation
029 encourage 030 prescribing 031 precise 032 biologically
033 modes 034 ferry 035 introduced 036 Show
037 travelling 038 institute 039 compulsory 040 profound
041 consultant 042 exposed 043 mind 044 complexity
045 completing 046 forecasting 047 challenge 048 instilled
049 insight 050 characters 051 merchant 052 prosperous
053 surrounding 054 monetary 055 excess 056 mean
057 shallow 058 rare 059 darkness 060 similar
061 initially 062 critically 063 drastically 064 ridiculous
065 unconventional 066 Conventional 067 Conventionally 068 important
069 break down 070 inevitably 071 access 072 share
073 abrupt 074 oceanography 075 million 076 patriotism
077 addition 078 permission 079 happen 080 commodity
081 significant 082 mental 083 classical 084 summarize
085 neighboring 086 expansion 087 propose 088 strategy
089 subscribe 090 practically 091 failure 092 Electrically
093 radical 094 technical 095 proposal 096 passive
097 psychological 098 burgeoning 099 talent 100 graphics
101 lightning 102 series 103 detail 104 objectives
105 surfer 106 expression 107 genius 108 paddle
109 boat 110 done 111 individuals 112 theories
113 turned 114 branding 115 visible 116 electronically
117 nutrition 118 nutrients 119 imagine 120 industrialized
121 globalization 122 investigation 123 roots 124 ground
125 findings 126 deeper 127 Infrastructure 128 subordinates
129 products 130 wisdom 131 enlarge 132 medium
133 partial 134 everywhere 135 application 136 Natural
137 Development 138 Constitute 139 Restricted 140 radically
141 massive 142 personality 143 deduction 144 Depth
145 Floor 146 puzzled 147 Granolithic 148 science
149 Sociology 150 Cause 151 Diagnosis 152 Representative
153 rather 154 phenomenon 155 paradox 156 excellent
157 experience 158 shaved 159 analytics 160 necessarily
161 timely 162 knowledge 163 accumulating 164 migration
165 facilities 166 operation 167 creature 168 added
169 recession 170 steady 171 swifts 172 responsibilities
49
(April-May 2019)
173 patterns 174 curriculum 175 swapping 176 beginning

177 light 178 premium 179 qualifies 180 qualifiers
181 maximization 182 global 183 spreading 184 send
185 convergence 186 salted 187 profession 188 studies
189 alliances 190 distrust 191 complain 192 complained
193 observable 194 spectacle 195 element 196 chief
197 surprised 198 layers 199 provides 200 schedule
201 cultural 202 baffle 203 oceanologist 204 protection
205 author 206 perception 207 valuable 208 legitimate
209 complicated 210 thereafter 211 vogue 212 promotions
213 assumption 214 initial 215 figurative 216 expectations
217 involved 218 session 219 resources 220 behavior
221 sleek 222 bubble 223 relatively 224 relative
225 robust 226 label 227 power 228 environment
229 urgent 230 urgency 231 government 232 overseas
233 reservoir 234 conditions 235 determination 236 commonly
237 irrelevant 238 opposed 239 Laid off 240 tension
241 mathematics 242 equations 243 ethical 244 tidal
245 frequently 246 equally 247 electronic 248 chef
249 elevation 250 dependence 251 dependency 252 determine
253 citizenship 254 helmet 255 editorial 256 assume
257 prescription 258 incorporate 259 banding 260 fatality
261 pendulum 262 underlying 263 fewest 264 enterprise
265 artificial 266 journalist 267 hydrogen 268 legislative
269 virus 270 document 271 vision 272 creed
273 convey 274 interestingly 275 administrative 276 portrait
277 complex 278 intend 279 dialogue 280 relief
281 deposition 282 discipline 283 deposit 284 sediment
285 simplicity 286 arctic 287 shoots 288 folder
289 muscle 290 democracy 291 library 292 underline
293 identified 294 legal 295 Continent 296 combination
297 clothing 298 observe 299 bridge 300 later
301 indigenous 302 separated 303 separate 304 description
305 associated 306 bored 307 variety 308 originated
309 historical 310 nearest 311 foundation 312 structure
313 Circulation 314 young 315 oceanographer 316 summer
317 vernacular 318 certainly 319 disorder 320 industrial
321 stitch 322 distinctive 323 lined 324 shaped
325 thick 326 billion 327 stolen 328 key
329 store 330 intensive 331 folder 332 discipline
333 opening 334 simple 335 later 336 suppressed
337 labor 338 sugar 339 frontier 340 scape
341 coercive 342 habitant 343 frequency 344 shed
50
(April-May 2019)
345 observed 346 stick 347 section 348 exhibit

349 apologized 350 solid 351 sceptical 352 ancient
353 board 354 dissent 355 majority 356 taught
357 spreads 358 queen 359 autumn 360 managers
361 institution 362 team 363 shelter 364 approach
365 drop 366 rustic 367 technologies 368 generated
369 fundamental 370 republicans 371 option 372 processes
373 atmosphere 374 celebrate 375 culture 376 conversion
377 circular 378 alternative 379 editable 380 coalition
381 productivity 382 chamber 383 underneath 384 potent
385 recession 386 irrational 387 confess 388 broadcast
389 situational 390 excellence 391 pseudo 392 engendering
393 devolution 394 navicular 395 academy 396 double
397 market 398 financial 399 traditional 400 overseen
401 identity 402 famous 403 wanting 404 former
405 strength 406 personalized 407 diversity 408 deliberately
409 conference 410 wondered 411 efficient 412 reverting
413 honestly 414 photos 415 redact 416 sale
417 sofa 418 Tokyo 419 route 420 accumulation
421 passenger 422 concentrate 423 surveyed 424 respondents
425 ride 426 impacting 427 offsetting 428 implications
429 headed 430 rewinding 431 flattens 432 droplets
433 response 434 explosion 435 mimic 436 exploring
437 supposed 438 terrestrial 439 pollination 440 identities
441 supplementing 442 trickery 443 contemporary 444 helpful
445 dozen 446 discovered 447 perspective 448 prepare
449 essentially 450 interact 451 automatically 452 crisis
453 boundaries 454 symptom 455 symptomatic 456 service
457 shortfall 458 restrictions 459 chairman 460 Quite
461 populations 462 translocation 463 sustainable 464 induced
465 dispersal 466 Benefited 467 exposure 468 journal
469 substances 470 remember 471 acclimate 472 pounds
473 seemingly 474 Investigators 475 randomly 476 exercise
477 concentrations 478 atmospheric 479 gradually 480 burning
481 radiative 482 cautionary 483 magnitude 484 bounds
485 traumatic 486 offspring 487 scenario 488 reconstruction
489 warmer 490 trajectory 491 splashes 492 sitting
493 dinosaurs 494 increasingly 495 interesting 496 probability
497 eventually 498 predictable 499 circling 500 obtaining
501 poverty 502 published 503 socioeconomic 504 countries
505 obesity 506 diseases 507 invest 508 particularly
509 colleagues 510 remaining 511 diverse 512 variables
513 rapidly 514 telescopes 515 hundred 516 stretching
51
(April-May 2019)
Write from dictation:

1. The aerial photographs were promptly registered for thorough evaluations.
2. Participants initially select from a range of foundation subjects.
3. The placement test of mathematics and statistics is offered every semester.
4. The artists and conservative politicians earn their rules of politics.

5. The celebrated theory has a great degree of controversy.
6. The sociology department is highly regarded worldwide.
7. She used to be an editor of the student newspaper.
8. The theme of the instrumental work exhibits more of a demure, compositional style.
9. While reconciliation is desirable, the basic underlying issues must be addressed.
10. Free campus tour runs daily during summer for prospective students.
11. Mutually exclusive events are neither complementary nor opposite.
12. Assignments should be submitted to the department office before deadline.
13. Observers waited nervously and bated their breath for the concert.
14. Student concession cards need to be obtained by completing an application form.
15. The teacher asked the group to commence the task.
16. The ways in which people communicate are constantly changing.
17. You may need to purchase an academic gown before the commencement.
18. Radio is a popular form of entertainment throughout the world.
19. Most of the students have not considered this issue before.
52
(April-May 2019)
20. Clinical placement in nursing prepares students for professional practice.

21. If finance is a cause for concern, scholarship may be available.
22. Climate change is now an acceptable phenomenon among reputable scientists.
23. Please write the name of author and the year of publication.
24. Farming methods across the world have greatly developed recently.
25. Our food supply now contains too much sugar that our metabolic system cannot handle.
26. There are not many interconnections between philosophy and psychology.
27. Peer review is a central part of scientific method.
28. An architect requires problem-solving skills and an eye of design.
29. The features issued the same explanation of the problem.
30. Most of these features were part of the previous system.
31. The students have the option to live in the college residences or apartments.
32. Supply and demand is one of the most fundamental factors in economics.33. Good
research delivers practical benefits for real people.
34. The railway made long-distance travel possible for everyone.
35. The city’s founder created a set of rules that became the law
36. We study science to understand and appreciate the world around us.
37. Your lowest quiz grade has been omitted from the calculations.
38. Undergraduates pursue their interests in stages within specific programs (programmes)
39. You can contact all your tutors by email.
40. The sociology department is highly regarded worldwide.
41. The commissioner will portion the funds to all sovereignties.
42. The commissioner will collect the funds from authorities.
43. When workers ask for higher wages, companies often raise their prices.
44. It was hard to anticipate how all the different characters would react.
45. She used to be the editor of the student newspaper.
46. Covers different aspects of the subject.
47. Supply and demand is one of the (most) fundamental concepts in economics.
48. Tribe’s vibe/work with each other to build up monolithic statues.
53
(April-May 2019)
49. That means that we have so many struggles in the lab
50. Governments need to make solar energy more affordable to people.
51. The synopsis contains the most important information.
52. The Industrial Revolution in Europe was driven by steam technology.
53. They were struggling last year to make their service pay.
54. The teacher asked the group to commence the task.
55. Theater/theatre study courses encourage students to exercise creativity.
56. Unusual (patterns) are making/make farming more difficult.
57. Industry will discuss job opportunities work.
58. Native speakers are exempt from the language tests in their own language.
59. Teaching assistants will receive a monthly stipend for housing.
60. Clinical placement in nursing prepares students for professional practice.
61. Climate change is now an acceptable phenomenon among reputable scientists.
62. Everyone must evacuate the premises during the fire drill.
63. The plight of wildlife has been ignored by developers.
64. Enrolling in a double major may/can increase your career options.
65. Assignments should be submitted to the department/general office before the deadline.
66. The same issue(s) featured both explanations of the problem
67. Review all the sources before drawing any conclusions.
68. We can’t consider any increase in our prices at this stage.
69. Those seeking for formal extension should contact their faculty for information.
70. Many graduates of journalism can get jobs in the communications field. jobs,
communications.
71. This problem is complex and difficult to explain.
72. Behind the groups, there is a flat cart drawn by mules.
54
(April-May 2019)
73. The economy is now showing the/its first sign/signs of recovery.
74. Tutors should set goals at the start of the class.
75. All lectures and learning materials can be found on the internet.
76. Read safety instructions before using the equipment during the workshop.
77. An introduction is an essential element of presentation.
78. The timetable for the next/new term will be available next week.
79. You should submit your team papers to the general office.
80. Experts are (now) able to forecast weather over much longer periods.
81. He is regarded as the most foremost economist this year.
82. The camera can identify eyes and focus on them.
83. The professor took one year working on her book.
84. The site is designed to be interactive.
85. The essay contains most of the important information.
86. We have not yet achieved equality in our society.
87. Please visit the website for information about the opening times.
88. Geography is generally divided into two branches: of human and physical.
89. You will acquire many skills during the academic studies.
90. Tomorrow’s lecture will discuss educational policy in the United States.
91. These leaflets can be really useful when you are revising.
92. Check the website if you are looking for discounted textbooks.
93. University invest in new technology which is designed for learning.
94. Our courses improve critical thinking and independent learning skills.
95. Both staff and student parking permits are available online.
96. The qualification will be assessed with criterion to approach.
97. There are opportunities to receive grants from most beautiful fields.
55
(April-May 2019)
98. The gallery can only be visited by Fridays.

99. One function of the body fat is to keep all internal organs warm.
100. Science library is currently located on the ground of the block.
101. A good way to improve vocabulary is repetition.
102. The seminar provides an opportunity to exchange ideas with other students.
103. There are not many interconnections between philosophy and psychology.
104. They developed a unique approach to train their employees.
105. Pets offer emotional support to sick and elderly people.
106. Protective clothing must always be worn in the laboratory.
56

April 2019 FORECAST (DREAM ENGLISH) PDF

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

April 2019 FORECAST (DREAM ENGLISH) PDF

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

DREAM ENGLISH FORECAST FILE

10. Fast food

12. Bookkeepers Fraud

13. Private Equity

15. Ignorance and Lethargy

58. The seminar on writing skills has been cancelled.

59. On behalf of our department, thank you for your participation.

 *However, the professional staff will always be stable.

 L means licking and G means grooming.

Australian exports used to be isolated from North America and UK

China is the second largest exporter after Japan.

Darkness between galaxies

Low child birth rate

This case and theory give great help to crime investigation.

consumers can choose exactly what type of food they need.

Freedom of Speech in Britain

 It is the retailer’s responsibility to label food properly so that

consumers can choose exactly what type of food they need.

However, they show exactly the opposite signs.

Arctic, while there is earth underneath the Antarctic.

The hearing ability is different from listening ability.

Vividness of TV and Newspaper

World Wide Web

Rosetta stone (latest)

People watching observation

Easier said than done

5. Descriptions of these planetary bodies as terrestrial in kind demonstrate the seventeenth

Q: Which imply meaning or information about the book or author is correct.

4. Walt Disney world

14. In search of lessons to

18. Well in 2004 we integrated ticketing in South East Queensland , so we

Summarise Spoken Text:

2. Housing price in Australia

3. Mother and Baby (SCRIPT)

Three times of Family

Big Bang Theory

Height and social status

001 loosely 002 brilliant 003 alphabet 004 interest

173 patterns 174 curriculum 175 swapping 176 beginning

345 observed 346 stick 347 section 348 exhibit

Write from dictation:

3. The placement test of mathematics and statistics is offered every semester.

4. The artists and conservative politicians earn their rules of politics.

20. Clinical placement in nursing prepares students for professional practice.

39. You can contact all your tutors by email.

40. The sociology department is highly regarded worldwide.

41. The commissioner will portion the funds to all sovereignties.

42. The commissioner will collect the funds from authorities.

45. She used to be the editor of the student newspaper.

46. Covers different aspects of the subject.

48. Tribe’s vibe/work with each other to build up monolithic statues.

49. That means that we have so many struggles in the lab

50. Governments need to make solar energy more affordable to people.

51. The synopsis contains the most important information.

52. The Industrial Revolution in Europe was driven by steam technology.

54. The teacher asked the group to commence the task.

55. Theater/theatre study courses encourage students to exercise creativity.

56. Unusual (patterns) are making/make farming more difficult.

57. Industry will discuss job opportunities work.

59. Teaching assistants will receive a monthly stipend for housing.

60. Clinical placement in nursing prepares students for professional practice.

61. Climate change is now an acceptable phenomenon among reputable scientists.

63. The plight of wildlife has been ignored by developers.