SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING GSM TECHNOLOGY

Visvesvaraya Technological University

Belagavi, Karnataka

Title of the Project

“SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING GSM
TECHNOLOGY”

Project Associates:
P J SUMALATHA 3BR16EE427
SAVITHA 3BR16EE435
SHARADA K M 3BR16EE437

Under the Guidance of:

DR RAGHAVENDRA P
Associate professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

BALLARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(Recognized by Govt. of Karnataka, approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
“JnanaGangotri” Campus, No.873/2, Ballari- Hosapete Road, Allipur,
Ballari-583 104 (Karnataka) (India)
Ph.: 08392 – 237100 / 237190, Fax: 08392 – 237197
2018-2019

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ABSTRACT

Speed control of a dc motor using GSM technology by sending a specific SMS

message from a mobile phone are presented. This controller is extremely handy at places
where we have to control the ON and OFF switching of the devices but no wired connection
to that place is available. To implement this, a GSM modem is connected to a programmed
microcontroller which would receive the SMS from a reference cell phone. The control
signal part of the received SMS is extracted and is changed to microcontroller-preferred
format. A PC which is connected to the microcontroller using a serial communication
through RS232 can be used for monitoring and transmission of the control signals to the
modem. The monitoring is also done by interfacing a LCD to the microcontroller. AT
commands were used for controlling the functionality of modem’s (Global Systems for
Mobile Communication) is vastly used because of its simplicity in both transmitter and
receiver design, can operate at 900 or 1800MHZ band, faster, more reliable and globally
network. Here the system is capable of controlling the motor by receiving control message
from an authorized mobile number. Microcontroller is the heart of our system, which
controls the overall operation of our system. System is always alert for receiving SMS from
valid number and that message can be displayed on the LCD.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Chapter 2 : Literature of survey
Chapter 3 :Block diagram
Chapter 4 : Description of components
Chapter 5 : Introduction of development tools
Chapter 6 : Circuit diagram and operation
Chapter 7 : Merits and demerits
 Applications
 Conclusion
 References

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

The growth of science and technology has increased its applications in various fields. In a
modern industrial situation, DC motor is widely used which is due to low initial cost, low
maintenance and the noise limit. As technology develops rapidly, its provide a wide scope of
applications of high performance DC motor drives in rolling mills, electric tractions, electric
bicycles and home electrical appliances.
With vast variety of applications, the speed control of the dc motor is of great importance.
There is also a need for monitoring the speed control system of the DC motor. In earlier days,
the mechanical switches were used to control the electrical appliances which were operated
manually. In such conditions, while operating the mechanical switches, person may feel
shock and while switching on or off spark may takes place. This may cause damage to the
appliances.
In some places, the wired connection to the DC motor for the speed control may not be
possible. So, wireless control has to be achieved in such cases. The improved version of
wireless technologies such as remote control, Bluetooth and touch screen is used to control
the electrical appliances and these technologies are not flexible.
The Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is wide area wireless communication
system. The voice, data and multimedia communication services can be provided by using
digital radio transmission system. In these days, the growing GSM technology has found
many applications in various fields. Under certain operating conditions, the GSM
technology provides the best way of monitoring and controlling the speed of DC motor.
The main advantage of using GSM technology is that it is possible to control the
speed of the DC motor from any place around the world.

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OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this project is speed of motor should be monitored and controlled
effectively. Sometimes, it is required to control the speed of DC motor manually. The wired
connection to the DC motor for the speed control may not be possible in some places. So,
wireless control has to be achieved in such cases. The GSM (Global System for Mobile
communication) technology is a very good method to implement a wireless speed control
system for the DC motor.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

[1] Title : Bidirectional speed control of DC motor using PWM technique.

Authors : M Veera Chandra kumar , M.Sridhar, S.Adi Vishnu, Surya kumar.
Year : 2015

Professor M Veera Chandra kumar and his team have made a “ Bidirectional speed control
of dc motor’’ project in the year 2015. This system is used to control the speed of the dc
motor bidirectionally. This system uses microcontroller, GSM modem ,DC motor and motor
driver circuit.
In this system desired speed control is achieved by using PWM technique.
A pulse width modulator (PWM) is a device that is used as an efficient DC motor speed
controller. This system can control DC devices which draw up to a few amps of current. In
this system , the DC motor speed can be controlled by sending predefined messages to the
modem. The modem is interfaced with the microcontroller via serial interface. The user has
to send predefined messages to vary the speed and direction of the motor to the modem.
When the modem receives data (SMS), it will intimate the same to the microcontroller. Now,
the controller will read the modems received data by issuing commands. The controller
performs the corresponding action in accordance with the message received from the modem.
16X2 LCD is connected at the controller section to display the speed level of the motor and
the direction of rotation of motor.
The limitation of this system is that it provides speed control of DC motor only in forward
and reverse directions but not at the required RPM. This drawback is taken as a new
implementation feature for our project.

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[2] Title : Speed and direction control of dc motor using Bluetooth by android mobile
Authors : K.S. Varsha, P. SudharshanPalaniappan, S. Susmithaa, M.Prabhu Raj
Year : 2017

Professor M.Prabhu Raj and his team have made a “ Speed and direction control of dc
motor using bluetooth by android mobile’’ project in the year 2017. This system is used to
control the speed and direction of DC motor using Bluetooth .This system uses
arduino,HC-06 bluetooth device,L293D motor controller IC, four transistors,DC motor.
Signal from Android device will be sent through Bluetooth. This signal will be communicated
with arduino with the help of transmitter and receiver of both the devices. This signal will
be represented by a single letter which denotes the speed and direction of the motor. There
are three different direction of rotation: clockwise, anti-clockwise and stopping of the
motor and these will be represented by different letters. This letter will vary the speed with
reference to the arduino code. For forward direction the PNP transistors which becomes ON
when low signal is sent NPN transistors which becomes ON when high signal is sent. PWM
pins are used to control the speed of the in both directions, they use the concept of varying
the (PWM Technique). Duty cycle varies from 0 - 225. So by choosing different duty cycle
speed can be varied. Direction is controlled with the concept of having H-Bridge.the
limitations of this system is Bluetooth module can be used only within a short range of
distance and also it consumes battery because of the usage of android app in smart phones.
This drawback is taken as a new implementation feature for our project.

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CHAPTER 3
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 3.1 Block diagram

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CHAPTER 4
COMPONENTS AND THEIR DESCRIPTION

GSM

Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a wide area wireless communications
system that uses digital radio transmission to provide voice, data, and multimedia
communication services. A GSM system coordinates the communication between a mobile
telephones (mobile stations), base stations (cell sites), and switching systems. Each GSM
radio channel is 200 kHz wide channels that are further divided into frames that
hold 8 time slots. GSM was originally named Group Special Mobile. The GSM system
includes mobile telephones (mobile stations), radio towers (base stations), and
interconnecting switching systems.

Fig : 4.1.Global system for mobile communication

This figure shows an overview of a GSM radio system. This diagram shows that the GSM
system includes mobile communication devices that communicate through base stations (BS)
and a mobile switching centre (MSC) to connect to other mobile telephones, public
telephones, or to the Internet. This diagram shows that the MSC connects to databases of
customers. This example shows that the GSM system mobile devices can include mobile
telephones or data communication devices such as laptop computers.

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BENEFITS OF GSM

a. Emergency Response: 112 is now a universal emergency number among GSM

networks. No matter where the user is, if they are using GSM, they can call for help.

b. Technological Growth: The growth of communications technology has been

prompted by world wide competition, allowed by the universality of GSM. This has lead to a
reliable cell-phone service and improved quality in both connection stability and ease.

c. Universal Data Transfer: The Global System for Mobile Communications allows for
reliable and efficient data transfer. It even allows text and pictures to be sent from anywhere
the system is available.

d. Better sound: As digital carrier, a GSM cell phone makes for clearer connections. as it
can filter background noise. This makes communication, despite distance easy
.
e. Greater Security: Due to the way it’s designed, a call needs to request access. This is
a safety features that makes sure that only the caller and the receiver are in the conversation.

GSM Modem
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over
a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator
perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone. When a GSM modem is
connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate
over the mobile network While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide
mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS
and MMS messages. This GSM modem is a highly flexible plug and play quad band GSM
modem for direct and easy integration to RS232. Supports features like voices, data, SMS,
GPRS and integrated TCP/IP stack.

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 Insert SIM card: Press the yellow pin to remove the tray from the SIM card holder.

After properly fixing the SIM card in the tray, insert the tray in the slot provided.

 Connect RS232 cable: (cable provided for RS232 communication) Default baud rate

is 9600 with 8-N-1, no hardware shaking. If we need hardware handshaking the

pins 7,8 can be taken for signaling.

 Pin 2 is RS232 level TX out

 Pin3 is RS232 level RX in

 Pin 5 is ground

 Pin 7 RTS in (shorted to pin 8 in cable for no hardware handshaking)

 Pin 8 CTS out (shorted to pin 7 in cable for no hardware handshaking) After the

modem registers the network, Led will blink in step of 3 seconds. At this stage we can

start using our modem for our modem for our application.

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Dc Motor
A direct current (DC) motor converts DC electrical energy into mechanical energy. It
produces a mechanical rotary action at the motor shaft where the shaft is physically
coupled to a machine or other mechanical device to perform some type of work. DC motors
are well suited for many industrial applications. For example, DC motors are used where
accurate control of speed or position of the load is required and can be accelerate or
decelerate quickly and smoothly. Plus, the direction easily reversed. Generally, a simple two
pole DC motor has six basic parts which are rotor or armature, axle, stator, field magnets
and brushes. Figure is the illustration of DC motor and shows the parts of DC motor

Traditional methods of Speed Control of Shunt Motors

(a) Variation of Flux or Flux Control Method: By decreasing the flux, the speed can
be increased and vice versa. The flux of a dc motor can be changed by changing Ish with
help of a shunt field rheostat. Since Ish is relatively small, shunt field rheostat has to carry
only a small current, which means I2shR loss is small, so that rheostat is small in size.

(b) Armature or Rheostatic Control Method: This method is used when speeds
below the no-load speed are required. As the supply voltage is normally constant, the voltage
across the armature is varied by inserting a variable rheostat in series with the armature
circuit. As controller resistance is increased, voltage across the armature is decreased,
thereby decreasing the armature speed. For a load constant torque ,speed is approximately
proportional to the voltage across the armature. From the speed/armature current
characteristic, it is seen that greater the resistance in the armature circuit, greater is the fall in
the speed.

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(c) Voltage control method: In this method, the shunt field of the motor is connected
permanently to a fixed exciting voltage, but the armature is supplied with different voltages
by connecting it across one of the several different voltages by means of suitable switchgear.
The armature speed will be approximately proportional to this different voltage. The
intermediate speeds can be obtained by adjusting the shunt field regulator.

Features:
 12V , 60rpm
 3.2Kg cm torque dc gear head motor
 30:1 gear ratio
 2mm shaft
 Good components between speed and toque for small robotic design.

DC Motor Characteristics
Table : 5.1 Characteristics of DC motor

Characteristic Value Unit
Operating voltage 12 V
Startup torque (kilogram-force centimeter) 3.6 KG-CM
Startup torque (inch-pound) 3.1 Inch-lbf
Gear ratio 30:1
No-Load Current (12V) 0.053 A
Stall Current 1.5 A
No-Load Speed (12V) 60 RPM

Fig : 4.2. DC motor

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MICROCONTROLLER

The 89C51RB2/RC2/RD2 device contains a non-volatile 16kB/32kB/64kB Flash program

memory that is both parallel programmable and serial In-System and In- Application
Programmable. In-System Programming (ISP) allows the user to download new

code while the microcontroller sits in the application. In-Application Programming (IAP)
means that the microcontroller fetches new program code and reprograms itself while in the
system. This allows for remote programming over a modem link. A default serial loader
(boot loader) program in ROM allows serial In-System programming of the Flash memory
via the UART without the need for a loader in the Flash code. For In Application
Programming, the user program erases and reprograms the Flash memory by use of standard
routines contained in ROM. This device executes one machine cycle in 6 clock cycles, hence
providing twice the speed of a conventional 80C51.

Fig : 4.3. Microcontroller

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This device is a Single-Chip 8-Bit Micro controller manufactured in advanced CMOS

process and is a derivative of the 80C51 microcontroller family. The device also has four 8-
bit I/O ports, three 16-bittimer/event counters, a multi-source, four-priority-level, nested
interrupt structure, an enhanced UART and on chip oscillator and timing circuits.
The added feature of the P89C51RB2/RC2/RD2makes it a powerful microcontroller for
applications that require pulse width modulation, high-speed I/O and up/down counting
capabilities such as motor control.

SPECIFICATIONS OF MC-AT89C51

Table : 4.2.Specifications of MC-AT89C51

Part number AT89C51

ROM 4K
RAM 128 Bytes
I / O Pins 32
Timers 2
Interrupts 6
VCC 5V
Packaging 40

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Microcontroller – LCD Interfacing

LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of
applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in
various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other
multi segment LEDs.

Fig : 4.3.Liquid crystal display

The LCD panel’s Enable and Register Select is connected to the Control Port. The Control
Port is an open collector / open drain output. Therefore by incorporating the two 10K
external pull up resistors, the circuit is more portable for a wider range of computers, some of
which may have no internal pull up resistors. I make no effort to place the Data bus into
reverse direction. Therefore I had wire the R/W line of the LCD panel, into write mode. This
will cause no bus conflicts on the data lines. As a result I cannot read back the LCD’s
internal Busy Flag which tells us if the LCD has accepted and finished processing the last
instruction. This problem is overcome by inserting known delays into my program. The 10k
Potentiometer controls the contrast of the LCD panel. Nothing fancy here used a power
supply of 5volt. The user may select whether the LCD is to operate with a 4-bit data bus or
an 8- bit data bus. If a 4-bit data bus is used, the LCD will require a total of 7 data lines. If an
8-bit data bus is used, the LCD will require a total of 11 data lines . LCD with 8-bit data bus
is used for this design. The three control lines are EN, RS, and RW. EN line must be
raised/lowered before/after each instruction sent to the LCD regardless of whether that
instruction is read or write text or instruction. In short, I manipulate EN when communicating
with the LCD.

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CHAPTER 6
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND OPERATION

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig : 6.1.circuit diagram

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CIRCUIT OPERATION

Power supply diagram

This consists of four section namely transformer section, bridge rectifier section, filter circuit
and regulator.230 v AC supply given to the step down transformer which is stepped down to
12 v and this is fed to the bridge rectifier. This rectifier converts the AC to DC. This DC
voltage is given to filter circuit which blocks DC. This pure DC is connected to regulator to
get the constant voltage.

Programming part

At89c51 microcontroller is a 40 pin IC in which 32 pins can be used input output operation.
Here LCD is used for data display which is a 8 bit data type which is fed from D0-D7 pins
of the microcontroller. The GSM is connected to the microcontroller through the serial
communication to receive the data. The speed will be varied by PWM technique. To control
the motor bi-directionally the motor is connected through the motor driver to the
microcontroller.

The SMS is sent through the phone to GSM modem. The microcontroller is dumped with
program which controls the motor operation. Based on the text sent by the phone the
microcontroller produce the output which is connected to the motor through the motor drive.

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Chapter 7
A Brief Introduction of Development Tools
Keil (μVision 2):

The Keil C51 Cross Compiler is an ANSI C Compiler that is written specifically to generate
fast, compact code for the 8051 microcontroller family. The C51 Compiler generates object
code that matches the efficiency and speed of assembly programming.
Using a high-level language like C has many advantages over assembly language
Programming:
• Knowledge of the processor instruction set is not required. Rudimentary knowledge of the
memory structure of the 8051 CPU is desirable (but not necessary).
• Details like register allocation and addressing of the various memory types and data types is
managed by the compiler.
• Programs get a formal structure (which is imposed by the C programming language) and
can be divided into separate functions. This contributes to source code reusability as well as
better overall application structure.
• The ability to combine variable selection with specific operations improves program
readability.
• Keywords and operational functions that more nearly resemble the human thought process
may be used.
• Programming and program test time is drastically reduced.
• The C run-time library contains many standard routines such as: formatted output, numeric
conversions, and floating-point arithmetic.
• Existing program parts can be more easily included into new programs because of
modular program construction technique.

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APPLICATIONS

 Elevators

 Electric Trains

 Heavy Metal Rolling Mills

 Automobiles

 Robots

 Machine Tools

 Cranes

 Textile Mills

 Printing Presses

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ADVANTAGES

 The main advantage of using GSM technology is that it is possible to control the
speed of the DC motor from any place around the world provided the GSM network
should be supported.
 This method is more economic from the cost point of view.
 The GSM based dc motor speed control is fast and efficient.
 High accuracy.
 The global system for mobile communication allows for the reliable and efficient
data transfer.
 This technology lead to reliable cell phone service and improved quality in
connection stability.
 As this technology is designed a call needs to request access. This is the safety feature
that makes sure that only the caller and receiver are in the conversation.

Dis-advantages
 Communication problem in remote areas.
 Motor reliability will decrease as we operate the motor under the rated speed.

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CONCLUSION

GSM technology capable solution has proved to be controlled remotely, provide industrial
security and has achieved the target to control different industrial appliances remotely using
the SMS-based system satisfying user needs and requirements GSM technology capable
solution has proved to be controlled remotely, provide industrial security and is cost-effective
as compared to the previously existing systems. The GSM based DC motor speed control
system which is fast and efficient with improved accuracy is designed. The proposed project
is implemented with AT89c51 microcontroller using C-programming language. The DC
motor is allowed to rotate at different speed levels . The proposed system is used
successfully to control the speed of DC motor.

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REFERENCES

 A Peer Reviewed International Journal about BIDIRECTIONAL SPEED CONTROL OF DC

MOTOR USING GSM
By M VEERA CHANDRA KUMAR1, M.SRIDHAR BHATLU, K.V.B.G.S.S.DATTA, S.ADIVISHNU.

 International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science about GSM

BASED DC MOTOR CONTROL www.ijates.com Volume No.02, Issue No. 05, May 2014.
 GSM Based Motor Monitoring and Speed Control
V. Bhaskar & T. Gowri Manohar
Department of E.E.E., S.V. University, Tirupati, A.P., India.

 Speed Control of DC Motor using GSM Technology

Vishal Hanchinal
Student, MTech, VLSI Design and Embedded System, KLE’s Dr. MS Sheshgiri College
Of engineering, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

 Sawan Kumar, vikrant, S.K.Dubey, GSM based DC Motor control, International

Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science,
Volume No.02,Issue No. 05, May 2014

 V Bhaskar, T. Gowrie Manohar, GSM based motor monitoring and speed control,
International Journal Of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (IJMIE), ISSN
No. 2231 –6477, Volume-1, Issue-2, 2011

 Shakti Kumar, V.K. Saxena, Microcontroller based switching control of DC motor

using GSM modem,
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Volume 9, Issue 3 Ver. IV (May – Jun. 2014), PP 39-44

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LITERATURE SURVEY
Title : Bidirectional speed control of DC motor
Authors : M Veera Chandra kumar , M.Sridhar, S.Adi Vishnu, Surya kumar.
Year : 2015
Professor M Veera Chandra kumar and his team have made a “ Bidirectional speed
control of dc motor’’ project in the year 2015. This system is used to control the speed of
the dc motor bidirectionally. This system uses microcontroller,GSM modem ,DC motor and
motor driver circuit.
In this system desired speed control is achieved by using PWM technique.
A pulse width modulator (PWM) is a device that is used as an efficient DC motor speed
controller. This system can control DC devices which draw up to a few amps of current. In
this system , the DC motor speed can be controlled by sending predefined messages to the
modem. The modem is interfaced with the microcontroller via serial interface. The user has
to send predefined messages to vary the speed and direction of the motor to the modem.
When the modem receives data (SMS), it will intimate the same to the microcontroller. Now,
the controller will read the modems received data by issuing commands. The controller
performs the corresponding action in accordance with the message received from the modem.
16X2 LCD is connected at the controller section to display the speed level of the motor and
the direction of rotation of motor.
The limitation of this system is that it provides speed control of DC motor only in forward
and reverse directions but not at the required RPM. This drawback is taken as a new
implementation feature for our project.

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Title : Speed and direction control of dc motor using Bluetooth by android mobile
Authors : K.S. Varsha, P. SudharshanPalaniappan, S. Susmithaa, M.Prabhu Raj
Year : 2017

Professor M.Prabhu Raj and his team have made a “ Speed and direction control of dc
motor using bluetooth by android mobile’’ project in the year 2017. This system is used to
control the speed and direction of DC motor using Bluetooth .This system uses
arduino,HC-06 bluetooth device,L293D motor controller IC, four transistors,DC motor.
Signal from Android device will be sent through Bluetooth. This signal will be communicated
with arduino with the help of transmitter and receiver of both the devices. This signal will
be represented by a single letter which denotes the speed and direction of the motor. There
are three different direction of rotation: clockwise, anti-clockwise and stopping of the
motor and these will be represented by different letters. This letter will vary the speed with
reference to the arduino code. For forward direction the PNP transistors which becomes ON
when low signal is sent NPN transistors which becomes ON when high signal is sent. PWM
pins are used to control the speed of the in both directions, they use the concept of varying
the (PWM Technique). Duty cycle varies from 0 - 225. So by choosing different duty cycle
speed can be varied. Direction is controlled with the concept of having H-Bridge.the
limitations of this system is Bluetooth module can be used only within a short range of
distance and also it consumes battery because of the usage of android app in smart phones.
This drawback is taken as a new implementation feature for our project.

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