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College Bus Management

Uploaded by rohit47474

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Motivation1.2 Problem Definition

The college transport pass comprises of manual work for both transportation division andfurthermore
for students by remaining over a line for a considerable length of timeclose counters to complete their
pass where the transportation office group, enter the points of interest of the students physically. By
proceeding with this manual procedure it requires parcel of investment to see and favor the verifications
given byeach candidate productively. The span is more between applying for the pass andrecovery of
pass. For applying of pass the students ought to again visit adjacentcounters.

1.3 Objective of Project

The prime purpose of this

“B! Mana"ement #$!tem%

 is to create a fully fledged web application which would communicate with the remote server to send
and retrieve data as per requirement. This application works when there is internet connectivity. This
web application generates exhaustive reports related to the Bus anagement i.e. bus route, bus number,
number of students!faculty allotted for the particular bus, "epartment and #" of students, departure
time of the bus, fees paid and dues. These reports highlight various bus services andfeatures of the bus,
which can be subjected to improvement especially for the college administration to improve bus
transport system. This interface is user friendly and effective. #t is very helpful by providing a simpler
method to store and access information related to buses and students. This system is accessible either
by an administrator or student where in the administrator has the permission to create!update the
record into the database. This web application reduces paper work and makes all related information
accessible easily.

1.& 'imitation of Project

$ou can%t find all the bus pass related information in transportdepartment.

This online bus pass software system will help users get bus passes online and eliminate the need of
standing in queues for passes and wasting their time.

The fee payment can be done in online through credit or debitcard.

2.'iteratre #rve$

2.1 Intro(ction

This project is developed in &ava under 'indows platform. #n this modern world of computers, every
noun of our vocabulary represents a class of objects sharing some set of characteristics and functional
traits. &ava leads itself naturally in embodying these areas intoits own application domain.

2.1.1 )tml

(T), an acronym of (yper Text arkup )anguage, is the predominant markuplanguage for web pages. #t
provides a means to describe the structure of text*basedinformation in a document by denoting certain
text as links, headings, paragraphs, lists, andso on and to supplement that text with interactive forms,
embedded images, and other objects.(T) is written in the form of tags, surrounded by angle brackets.
(T) can also describe, to some degree, the appearance and semantics of adocument, and can include
embedded scripting language code +such as &avacript- which canaffect the behavior of 'eb browsers
and other (T) processors. 'eb pages are built withthe help of this (T) which are called the 'eb
"ocuments.

2.1.2 Overvie* of +,-, Collection /rame*or0

Collection

+sometimes called a /ontainer- is a group of data that is manipulated as a singleobject. This corresponds
to a

bag

.The idea behind &ava0s /ollection Framework +

also called the Container Class Library

- is to insulate client programs from common implementations like an array, linkedlist, hash table,
balanced binary tree, etc.The /ollection Framework is very similar to the tandard Template )ibrary +T)-
found in /11. /ollections can contain only 2bject reference types +no primitives-. The

programmer can make a container class thread safe +concurrent access- as well as making
itnot*modifiable.

/i" 1.1 Collection! )ierarc$

/ollections Framework takes the issue of 3holding your objects3 and divides it intotwo distinct concepts4

Collection!

and

Ma!

. The key distinction between the two types of containers is the number of items that each holds in an
individual location.  /ollection holdsone element while a ap holds two.

Collection
 group of individual elements, often with some rule applied to them.  )ist must hold theelements in a
particular order +or sequence-, while a et cannot have any duplicate elements.

)ist * +rray)ist, )inked)ist-

et * +(ashet, Treeet-

Ma

 group of 3key5value3 object pairs. lthough this looks like a 3/ollection of pairs3, tryingto implement it
in this way would prove very difficult.  ap can be thought of as a minidatabase.  flavor of a ap is a
(ashap. s a 6erl programmer, the idea of a ap may look familiar. #t is basically an 3ssociative rray3.
+#n short, your keys are not integers like that

of an array, they are trings-. 7se the put+- method 8passing the key and value9 to add anelement to a
ap.

ap * +(ashap, Treeap-

,rra$,rra$! are ver$ !imle to imlement in +ava bt a! !everal (ra*bac0!

ll items in the array have to be of the same type.

ust know in advance how many items will need to be stored since rrays arefixed in si:e.

(Keep in mind though that Arrays can be resized)

)ere are a fe* note! abot imlementin" an ,rra$

ost efficient way to hold references to objects.



rrays can be of any built*in type +primitive- or any object type.

For rrays that store built*in types, the data is store directly in the rray.

For rrays that store objects, only the object 3reference3 is actually stored inthe rray. ;eep in mind that
all normal rules of reference variables and castingapply.

n array knows the type it holds, i.e., compile*time type checking.

n array knows its si:e, i.e., ask for the length.

n array can only hold one type of object +including primitives-.

rrays are fixed in si:e.

For all rrays declared as 2bject89, then object references of <$ type can bestored in it without casting,
though a valid cast is required to take an 2bjectreference out and use it as its original type.

"efine an array using either of the following4 int89 a=> 5 2? 5 int a=89>Both declarations produce the
same result. The later actually conforms toexpectations from / and /11 programmers. The former,
however, is probably

a more sensible syntax, since it seems to directly say4 3an int array3. This is thestyle used by most &ava
6rogrammers.


?easonable integrity if provided by type checking.

The runtime system always checks array bounds.

@asy to return an array +the method simply returns a reference to the rray-, but with &ava you don0t
have to worry about memory leaks

(since the garbagecollector takes on this responsibility)

like with / and /11.

+ava rovi(e! a eler cla!! calle( java.til.,rra$!

earch and ort4

binar$#earc45 !ort4

/omparison4

e6al!4

(many overloaded)

#nstantiation4

fill4

/onversion4

a!'i!t4Iterator

The idea behind the

Iterator
interface is to provide a way to select each element in acollection.

2.1.3 +!

The un icrosystems%s java server pages technology allows you to rapidly develop andeasily maintain
rich, dynamic web pages. s a part of java family &6 enables developmentof web based applications
that are platform independent. The web applications build using &6 technology works with a wide
variety of webservers, application servers, browsers and development tools. The logic that generates
thecontent is encapsulated in tags and &avaBeans components and tied together in scriptlets, allof
which are executed on the server side. #f the core logic is encapsulated in tags and Beansthen other
individuals, such as web masters and page designers, can edit and work with &6 pages without
affecting the generation of the content. Thus the &6 technology separates the user interface from the
content generation.

&6 page is simply an (T) web page, which contain additional bits of code that generatesdynamic
content of the page. &6 technology is a part of java family. #t uses a java programming language based
scripting language and &6 are compiledinto java servlets the first time they are invoked. &6 pages may
call &avaBeans, @&Bcomponents, ?# objects, "B/ objects to perform processing on the server.
@xample &6 page may contain (T) that display static text and graphics, as well as a method call to&"B/
object that access database, when the page is displayed in a user%s browser.

/eatre! Of +!

&6 technology follows the write once run anywhere rule which is the basic of the java language.

&6 uses pure java and takes the advantage of its object oriented nature

&6 uses a combination of tags and scripting to create dynamic web pages.

The &6 page uses the components like @&B, &avaBeans which are reusable. Thisgives the &6
reusability capabilities.


pplications made using &6 technology are easier to maintain.

+ava #crit

Aiving the user more control over the browser.

"etecting the user0s browser and 2. The ability to detect the user0s browser and 2allows your script to
perform platform*dependent operations, if necessary.

6erforming simple computations on the client side.

alidating the user0s input. <ote that &avacript helps the browser perform input validation without
wasting the user0stime by the 'eb server access. #f the user makes a mistake in the input, the user will
get anerror message immediatelyC 2n the other hand, if the input information is validated only onthe
server, then the user would have to wait for the server response.

&ava cripts are used as (T) tags alone will not be sufficient in developing anapplication interactively.

alert+DstringE- 4This message is known as confirmation message. By this we candisplay an alert window.

onsubmit+- 4#t is invoked as soon as the user press the submit button on the web page

Databa!e Mo(el

ccessing the database through applets and &"B/ 6# via an intermediate server resulted ina new type
of database model which is different from the client*server model. Based onnumber of intermediate
server through which the request should go is classified as single tier,two tier and multi tier architecture.
a4#in"le Tier

#n a single tier the server and client are the same in sense that a client program thatneeds information
+client- and source of this type of architecture is also possible in java, in case flat files are used to store
the data. (owever this is useful only in case of small applications. The advantage with this is the simplicity
and portability of theapplication developed.

/i" 1.2 #in"le Tier

b4T*o tier client 7 !erver 4

#n two tier architecture the database resides in one machine in the network. #n thistype of architecture
a database management takes control of database and providesaccess to clients in a network. This
software bundle is also called as server. oftwarein different machines, requesting for information are
called as client*server.

Server and clientDatabase

ServerClient

Database

/i" 1.3 T*o Tierc4Tree tier an( N7tier

#n the three tier architecture , any number of servers can access the database thatresides on server
which in turn serve clients in a network. For example, you want toaccess the database using java applets,
the applet running in some other machine, cansend request only to the server from which it is
downloaded. For this reason we willneed to have an intermediate server which will accept the requests
from applets andthen to the actual database server. This intermediate server acts as a two*way
communication channel also. Thisis the information or data from the database is passed on to the applet
that isrequesting it. This can be extended to make n tiers of servers, each server carrying tospecific type
of request from clients. (owever in practice only  tier architecture is popular.

+DBC Driver t$e!

The &"B/ drivers that we are aware of at this time fit into one of four categories.

i4+DBC7ODBC BRID89 P'U# ODBC DRI-9R

The java soft bridge product provides &"B/ access via 2"B/ drivers. <ote that2"B/ binary code end in
many cases database client code must be loaded on eachclient machine that uses this driver. s a result,
this kind of driver is most appropriateon a corporate network where client installations are not major
problem, or for applications server code written in java in a * tier architecture.

ii4N,TI-9 ,PI P,RT':7+,-, DRI-9R

This type of driver converts &"B/ calls into calls on the client 6# for oracle ybase,#nformix, "bG, or
other "B. <ote that, like the bridge driver, this style of driver requires that some binary code be loaded
on each client machine.

iii4+DBC7N9T ,''7+,-, DRI-9R

This driver translates &"B/ calls into a "B independent net protocol, which isthen translated to a "B
protocol by a server. This net server middle*ware is able toconnect its all java clients to many different
databases. The specific protocol useddepends on the vendor. #n general, this is most flexible &"B/
alternative.

Client

#t is likely that all vendors of this solution will provide products suitable for intranet use. #n order for
these products to also support #nternet access, they musthandle the additional requirements for
security, access through firewall, etc that theweb imposes. everal vendors are adding &"B/ drivers to
their existing databasemiddleware products.

iv4N,TI-9 PROTOCO' ,''7+,-, DRI-9R

This kind of driver converts &"B/ calls into network protocol used by "Bdirectory. This allows a direct
call from the client machine to the "B server that is practical solution for intranet access. ince many
of these protocols are proprietary,the database vendors themselves will be the primary source. everal
database vendorshave these in progress. @ventually, we expect that driver categories  and H will be the
preferred wayto access database from &"B/. "river categories = and G are interim solutions wheredirect
all java drivers are not yet available. /ategory H is in some sense the ideal.(owever, here are many cases
where category  may be preferable. @xample* where athin "B* independent client is desired, or if a
"B I independent protocol isstandardi:ed and implemented directly by many "B vendor.

2.2 9;i!tin" #$!tem

 @xisting system of bus pass consists of manual work for both transportation department and also for
students by standing over a line for hours near counters to get their pass done where the
transportationdepartment team enter the details of the student manually. By continuing with this
manual process ittakes lot of time to view and approve the proofs given by every applicant efficiently.
The duration ismore between applying for the pass and retrieval of pass. For applying of pass the student
shouldagain visit nearby counters. This procedure is time consuming and needs lot of paper work.

2.3 Di!a(vanta"e! of 9;i!tin" #$!tem

There is a high demand for the students that they need to communicate with each other from any place
to any place to synchroni:e their bus information.

To change the bus routes again application form must be filled. nd long process of changing the route
fees according to the distance.

2.& Proo!e( !$!tem

The software system allows the users to get bus passes online and eliminate the need of standing
inqueues for passes.2nline bus pass software system allows the users to4

pply for the new bus pass.

erification of the student can be done in online using student roll no and photo proofs. 2nceall the
details are verified the system request the user to mention the route they want to travel provided by
college by paying amount through online.

#t also shows appropriate schemes for quarterly, one sem and yearly passes.

The admin should maintain a record of the pproved passes and "isapproved passes of theapplicants for
to avoid further violations.
10

3. ,N,':#I#

3.1 Intro(ction

?equirement analysis in system engineering and software engineering encompasses thosetasks that go
into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or alerted product, taking account of the
possibly conflicting requirements of the variousstakeholders, such as beneficiaries or users.

#nput design is a part of overall system design. The main objective during the input design is as given
below4

To produce a cost*effective method of input.

To achieve the highest possible level of accuracy.

To ensure that the input is acceptable and understood by the user.

INPUT #T,89#

The main input stages can be listed as below4

"ata recording

"ata transcription

"ata conversion

"ata verification


"ata control

"ata transmission

"ata validation

"ata correction

INPUT T:P9#

#t is necessary to determine the various types of inputs. #nputs can be categori:ed as follows4

@xternal inputs, which are prime inputs for the system.

#nternal inputs, which are user communications with the system.

2perational, which are computer department%s communications to the systemJ

#nteractive, which are inputs entered during a dialogue.

11

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