Drones for Search and rescue operations

Nowadays. Unmanned aerial vehicles (U.A.V) or commonly known as drones are

available. This unmanned aircraft has very useful applications especially in hazardous
missions without human inteterventions that can prevent time delay and potential human losses.
In the article of Waharte and Trigoni entitled Supporting Search and Rescue operations with
UAVs, drones demonstrate their application on the search and rescue operations conducted in
the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2016 where in two UAVs are used in searching for
trapped survivors. The said event directly verify that drones are a powerful tool for search and
rescue.

The UAVs are truly remarkable however, drone’s exceptional applications can be
fruitless without explicit operation . In this type of applications there must be factors that must
need to consider in the design of the drone ;quality of sensory, energy limitations environmental
hazards an informational sharing.

Quality of sensory.In the search and retrieval operation, the accuracy of the information

is an important factor that the percent error in the detection must stay at its minimum and this is
to avoid waste of time in avoidane of sending rescuers to a place of no interest and failure in the
detection of victims. This is a challenge in the system of sensors attached to the drone.

Energy limitation.UAVs operation don’t last long.The best way to solve this dilemma is
to conserve energy where in there is a scheduled time of flight and this is to recharge the
batteries .As we can see, the quality of sensory has a very important role in the conservation of
energy as it avoids the delay of time that saves the energy of the drones.

Environmental hazards.Another probems drone may encounter is are natural

phenomenas. Errosions,weather,fog and natural calamities can destroy drones. Also objects such
as trees buildings and other things that can cause malfunction to the drones or maybe lead to
destruction.

Informational sharing. The transmission of data must be considered especially in how

they transmit.According to the article,there are two aspects that must be considered in this
process.

Data diffusions,Sensory data are collected and shared to another drone for generating
complete information of the environment use as guide in the operation with a challenge to have
solutions to the limitations in the processing,memory storage energy consumption network
availability and other limitations pertaining to the operation.

Network connectivity.This is the communication between the drone and the AUV ground
station.The type of communication that can be used in the transmission of sensory datas and also
how the drones can be tracked and navigated is wireless and the question is what wireless
channel are best for this kind operation,

In the book of drones for dummies(Lafay,2015),Tracking and the navigating must be

understand for better AUV application. First line states ”If you plan to fly a drone,you need to

understand how it is controlled”(Lafay,2015). Most popular drones today are multi-rotors with

at least three propellers and this rotors for stability.There are two sensors required to achieve its

stability ,the accelerometer that detects linear movement andgyroscope that detects rotational

movement around a line.

The book identified two ways for controlling the AUVS, using; radio frequency and
wireless fidelity(wifi).

Radio waves are an electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than infrared
light with a frequency range of 30 hertz to300 gigahertz. Radio operation must have transmitter
which send information and accepted by a receiver with the same frequency. Lower frequency is
more reliable in terms of greater range at lower power compared to high frequency
devices.Another advantage of L.F is it can penetrate through dense objects and providing a
greater control and navigation of drones.Remote control drones commonly used 900MHz for
transmission

Wi-fi control.Low frequency is much greater compared to High frequency however,The

lower the frequency ,the bigger receiver antenna must be used to receive the frequency.Wireless
fidelity(Wi-Fi) uses a high frequency in 2.4GHz range.Before, Wi-fi are used only in computers
but as years pass by,with the help of technology this was integrated into portable devices which
are now being attached to a phone or tablet.. Most drones today are Wifi eneabled where in itc
can be broadcast to computers,tablets and even phone and saome drones use computers for the
navigation of AUVs via an app. The wifi operates in an UHF with a range limited to only 600
meters.

Lafay also indicate one tracking device known as GPS or Global positioning system
technology.Global positioning technology has been developed throughout the years that it is
now possible to ping satellite for data location of a device using a smart phones or drones,These
helps users or navigators to learn there exact location of the device with GPS to avoid
misdirections and off track.

Another thing that must be considered in designing a drone is its payload.Payload is the
weight a drone can carry.It is very essential to understand and have an optimal strategies for a
UAVs payload especially in the businessvideography and disaster relief management
applications.According to Drones for Big boys(DFTDB,2017), a need for quadcopter to carry
heavy equipment is becoming inceasly popular.Their article defined the carrying capacity of a
small compared to a big drone.

Small drone despite their miniature or small size are still capable in lifting objects
proportional or equivalent to their size.An example of this is the Rabing Mini Foldable drone
which can way 5 to 7 grams. Another example is the Potensic’s F1H1DH an parrot Bebop2
which can way70 grams and 200 to 300 grams respectively.

Heavy lifting category.many drones now are popular can cary 3 to 5 pounds.Other
drones can also carry 40 punds upto 500 pounds but as payload increases,price als increases.

The article stated a drone named griff 300 was launched by a Norweigan company Griff
Aviation in 2017 with a maxmum load of 300 pounds that last 45 minutes in the air. Also
videographers are not content with a 50-50 camera and use heavy-duty cameras in their
profession ,so they use professional cameras weight 1kilograms to 2kilograms attached to
drones.

You must also put into consideration the take-off weight.Take-off weight is the size of
object the drone can carry or also called as the hefty capacity without problems where in you
must not exceed the take-off weight limitations instructed in the drone.

This payload and take –off capacity significantly affects how your drone operates;How
can it handle wind condition, battery life ,durability and flight time.In conclusion Drones
payload and take off capacity depends in the specification of the drones.