PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

 Psychology of self
- representation of an individual based on his/her experiences.
 Pajares and Schunck
-drawings on cave: serious thought of nonphysical, psychological selves.
 SELF (Predicate):
a. Self-knowledge
b. Self-awareness
c. Self-esteem
d. Self-enhancement
e. Self-regulation
f. Self-presentation

 William James
-distinction between the self as “knower”(pure ego) and the self as “known”(empirical self).
-view the multitudinous aspects of self-functioning.
- Suggested that “the total self of ‘Me’, being as it were duplex” is composed of “partly object
and partly subject”.
- “I” – pure ego; consciousness itself
- “Me” – one of many things that I may be conscious of
- “Me” is composed of three (3) components:
1. Material Self
-things that belong to us or we belong to.
-Ex. Family, clothes, body, money, etc.
2. Social Self
- Our social selves who are in a given situation; people change how they act depending
on the situation.
3. Spiritual Self
- Who we are at our core; more concrete or permanent that material and social self; our
subjective and most intimate self.
- Ex. personality, core values, conscience
Global Versus Differentiated Models
 Self- Esteem
- Term coined by W. James
- It is a person’s overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth.
 Global Self- Esteem
- Is a personality variable that represents the way people generally feel about themselves.
 State Self- Esteem
- A temporary feelings or momentary emotional reactions to positive and negative events
if we feel good or bad to ourselves during these situations.
 Domain Specific Self- Esteem
- Focused on how people evaluate their abilities and attributes.
Real and Ideal Self Concepts
 Karen Horney
- Feminine Psychology
- Believed that everyone has anxiety
- According to her, person has:
1. Ideal Self
- The self is the possessor of unlimited powers and superlative qualities and is
being developed
2. Actual Self
- One feels despised with everyday life because he/she fails to live up to the
requirements of the ideal self
3. Real Self
- revealed as a person begins to shed the various techniques developed to deal with
basic anxiety and to find ways of resolving conflicts
- not an entity but rather, it is a force that impels growth and self-realization
 Carl Rogers
 Person-Centered Theory
- establish conception of self:
1. Real Self
- includes all aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences perceived in
awareness
- part of ourselves where we feel, think, look, and act involving our self-
image
2. Ideal Self
- revolves around goals and ambitions in life; dynamic
- the idealized image which we develop over time
- includes:
a. what we admire in others
b. what our society promotes
c. what we think are in our best interest
*Wide gap between real and ideal self = incongruence and an unhealthy personality
If the way that I am (Real self) is aligned with the way that I want to be (Ideal Self) = Mental
Well-Being or Peace of Mind
If the way that I am is not aligned with how I want to be = Mental Distress or Anxiety
* The greater the level of incongruence between the real self and the ideal self, the greater the level of
resulting distress
Multiple Versus Unified Selves
 Multiple Selves
-according to K. Green, capacities we carry within us from multiple relationship
-not “discovered” but “created”.
 Unified Selves
-point out in Traditional Psychology.
-well – being comes when our personality dynamics are congruent, cohesive, and consistent.
-connected with selfhood and identity.
True versus False Selves
 Donald W. Winnicott
-distinguished the “true self” from “false self” in human personality.
 True Self
-based on a sense of being in the experiencing body.
-Sense of integrity, of connected wholeness that harks to the early stage.
 False Self
-necessary defensive organization
-survival kit
-caretaker self
-how threatened from managed to survive.
-When the person has to comply with external rules, such as being polite or following social
codes.
-instantly seek to anticipate demands of other to maintain relationship.
 Healthy False Self
-functional
-can be compliant but without the feeling that it has betrayed its true self.
 Unhealthy False Self
-fits in but through a feeling if forced compliance rather than loving adaptation.
 False Selves
-investigated by Heing Kohut (1971)
-identified with external factors at the cost of one’s own autonomous creativity.

The Self as Practice and Agentic

 Social Cognitive Theory
-agentic view of personality
-meaning that humans have the capacity to excise control over their own live.
-People are:
a. Self-regulating
b. Proactive
c. Self-reflective
d. Self-organizing
e. They have the power to influence their own actions to produced desired outcome
f. Act on their environment in a manner that permits growth toward psychological
health
 G. Allport
-allow for proactive behavior
-adequate theory of personality
 Agent self
-known as the executive function that allow for action.
-this is how we make choices and utilize our control in situation and action.
-involves decision making, self – control, taking charge in situation and actively responding.
 Human agency
-active process of exploring, manipulating, and influencing the environment in order to attain
desired outcome.
 Albert Bandura
 -the care features of human agency are intentionality, forethought, self-reactiveness, and self-
reflectiveness.
-leads to self-efficacy
 Self-efficacy
-the belief the they are capable of performing actions that will produce a desired outcome.
-lies in the center of Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory.
 Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
-measure of one’s ability to complete goals
-people with high self – efficacy often are eager to accept challenges because they believe they
can overcome them
-people with low self – efficacy may avoid challenges, or believe experiences are more
challenging that they actually are
 Saint Louis University
Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Science
GSELF 4:30-5:30PM (MWF)

PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

De Leon, Jennifer Louisse D.

Dela Peña, Joyce Aleda V.
Mercene, Ederlie Airah E.
Saldaña, Edison L.
Santiago, Karl Chester C.

Submitted to:
Mr. Albert Guinguino

MWF 4:30 – 5:30

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