T1S2 Nguyen Phillips

ENERGY 101
Energy Audits and Benchmarking

Binh Nguyen, PE and Brenda Phillips, AIA, LEED AP
Amec Foster Wheeler and Sain Engineering Associates, Inc.
August 15, 2017
Tampa Convention Center • Tampa, Florida

Speaker Biography
• Binh Nguyen, PE, CEM

– Senior Energy Engineer
– Lighting Design Group Leader
Career
 BSEE – University of Florida
 Licensed Professional Engineer (PE) – FL, GA, AL, MS
 Certified Energy Manager (CEM) – AEE
Hobbies
 “Internet of Things”- Smart Home, etc
 Cycling to work…only in fair conditions
 Sports – GO Gators!
2 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

Overview
• What is an Energy Audit?

• Benchmarking
• Level I, II, III?
• Example Audit Findings
• LEED Audit Findings

What is an Energy Audit?
• “Beyond simply identifying the sources of energy use,

an energy audit seeks to prioritize the energy uses
according to the greatest to least cost-effective
opportunities for energy savings”…Wikipedia
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and
Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Types
Audit Level Comparison
• Level 0 – Benchmarking 5
4
• Level 1- Written recommendations, no Level 0
3
calculations Level 1
2
Level 2
• Level 2- Utility reconciliation, detailed 1
Level 3
calculations, sometimes modeling 0
Detail Savings Cost
Level Identified
• Level 3- Measurements, FS (non-retrofit)
Which Audit Do I Need?
• It is imperative that you

define in a scope of
work what you need!
• Asking for a Level 3 does
not guarantee that you
will have more projects
identified
• Financial criteria?
• Renewable generation?
• Auditor skills?
• Different buildings
require different skill
sets
Which Audit is Right For You?
LEED Gold Facility
• Do you have funding for projects?

• Financial criteria?
• LEED Platinum?
• EPA Energy Star?
• Adds cost to the project if you do Level 1 and
then do a Level 2/3
• Level 1 is good for efficient buildings but 90%
of US buildings are inefficient to begin with

Pre-Audit Checklist
• 12 or 24 Months of Utility Data and Costs

• Facility Size
• Facility Address and Points of Contact
• Scope of Audit Defined
• Floorplan or Drawing Layout

Building Owners Beware

Speaker Biography
• Brenda Phillips, AIA, LEED AP

President/COO
Energy Consulting Firm
Services provided:
• Energy Auditing
• Building Commissioning
• Identification and recommendation of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs)
• Strategy
• Master Planning (Resiliency/Sustainability)
Primary clients: Department Defense/Federal, Education, Transportation,

Industrial and Commercial entities
Interests:
• Travel
• Energy
• Sports – ROLL TIDE ROLL!!

Benchmarking
Planning = Resiliency
- Existing
Management Excellence
Building
Benchmarking Building
Energy
- Advanced
Enhance Energy
Achieve Energy
Efficiency
Smart Growth
Metering
Performance
(O&M,
Awareness
Infrastructure - Efficient New
LC/NC,
- Energy Star Construction
Capital
Portfolio Manager
ECMs)
- ASHRAE/Energy
- Demand
Plus
Response
Benchmarking
Programs
Mission – Vision – Values

Benchmarking – Assessing Energy Performance
• Identify High Performing

Facilities
• Prioritize Poor Performing
Facilities
• Understand energy expenditures
to operating costs
• Establishes a Roadmap for the
beginning of Resiliency planning
• Develops a historical perspective
and context for the future
• Establishes measurement and
verification context

Benchmarking
Critical Step to Energy Management
Develop a Baseline
Establishes a reference point for

defining good energy performance
Allows the measurement of progress

Benchmarking
Total Cost of Ownership

Benchmarking

Benchmarking
Energy Use Index (EUI)

• What is EUI?
 A calculated value based on the energy consumed by a building
 The total building BTUs divided by the conditioned square footage
 Generally building with the same use profile in the same weather
climate will have similar EUI
 Establishes a baseline of potential savings based on facts

Benchmarking
Utility Bill Benchmarking

• Analyze Utilities Prior to Site Visit and Audit
 Allows auditor to understand where the energy is being used or
wasted
 Easier to find opportunities if you know where the usage is
 Gives a baseline snapshot of how well building performs compared to
others in the region
• Most Commercial Buildings Can Realize 20-30% Savings

 The opportunities for savings are out there
 Beware of audits that identify 60% or more savings
 Overstated savings are very common

Benchmarking
ENERGY STAR Guidelines

For Energy Management
• Make Commitment
• Assess Performance
• Set Goals
• Create Action Plan
• Implement Plan
• Evaluate Progress
• Recognize Achievement

Benchmarking
MGM
National
Airport
Median
Annual Energy Use Index Energy Use Percentage

Energy National Median Index MGM Above National
Property Name MGM (ft²) Median EUI
Cost ($) (kBtu/ft²/year) (kBtu/ft²/year)
Montgomery Regional Airport

(MGM) Energy Use 110,000 $441,430 27.1 170.2 628%
Index

Benchmarking

Benchmarking
WHAT’S IN IT FOR ME?

• Energy Security / Resiliency
• Potential Savings
– 15% - 30%
• Reduced Cost / Increased Revenue
• Positive Productivity
• Economic Powerhouse
– $20 mil invested; $78 mil generated

Quick Recap
Energy Audit Definition

Industry Standard by ASHRAE
Pre Audit Checklists
• Building Size
• Utility Data
• Site Contact
Energy Use Index
Measuring Stick for Efficiency in a Portfolio

Audit Levels

Level 1: Walk Thru Findings
• What’s wrong with this picture?
• Exterior lights on during the

day.
• Repairing $50 photocell sensor

can reduce 12 hours of runtime
per day.
• Approximately $65 savings per

year per light (@ $0.06/kWh)!!!

• What’s wrong with this picture?
• Thermostat above copier
• No “Sleep” Mode on Copier
• 5-10 degrees warmer above

thermostat
• Adds 2,000 hours a year of

runtime to the HVAC system
• Solution: MOVE COPIER

• Repairing steam traps can reduce

wasted heat losses
• Bad door seals and lower door

sweeps can increase infiltration
especially in colder climates

• Replacing old manual

thermostats with programmable
thermostat can better control
HVAC to facility operating hours
• 11 Level 2 audits…guess how many

had programmable thermostats
with correct settings?
• 8 had programmable thermostats
• 2 had correct times and dates
• None had correct setpoints or
setbacks

Level 2: Calculate Carefully
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

Level 2: Findings with Calculations
Is a Level 2 Audit Right for You?

• Do you have funding for projects?
 Provides costs and details to make best business decision
• Do you have financial criteria to satisfy?

 Generally provides a simple payback
• Most buildings in the US should start here
Rule of Thumb: Audit should pay for itself through identified energy savings within
3-6 months

Level 2 Energy Audit: Key Elements
Executive Summary
Easy to Ready and Review
Where you are at and where you are going

Energy Conservation Measures

Energy and Cost Allocation Summary

Equipment Inventory

Equipment Inventory

ECM DESCRIPTION AND FINANCIALS

ECM CALCULATION METHODS

ECM CALCULATION METHODS

Level 2: HVAC Maintenance
Facility in Delray Beach had 12 feet of exposed

refrigerant piping
Provide pipe wrap insulation to mitigate heat gain
Up to 5% efficiency improvement
Annual Savings = $265
Retrofit Cost = $25
Simple Payback = 1 Month
Simple routine maintenance item

Level 2: EXIT Signs
Four 30-watt Incandescent Exit Signs

Annual Energy Cost $105
Replace w/LED (3W) or retrofit kit
Replacement Cost = $320
Annual Savings = $95
Simple Payback = $320/$95 = 3.4 Years

Level 2: Vending Machines
What Can We Do Here

Level 2: Vending Machines
There are 4 refrigerated drink machines

The lights and evaporator fans are always on and consume
200 watts in each machine
Compressor is on 3,000 hours per year at 400 watts each
Install Vending Miser: fan, lights, compressor run 2,000 hours
per year
Annual Electric Savings =$700
Lighting Savings: 5,400 kWh
Compressor Savings: 1,600 kWh
Retrofit Cost = $700 (4 misers)
Simple Payback = 1 Year

Level 3: Simulation Models and Feasibility Study
Is a Level 3 Audit Right for You?

• Large Capital Projects with Life Cycle Cost Analysis
 Provides investment grade cost estimates and financial analysis
• Energy Savings Calculations within +/-10%

 Calculations are modeled to simulate all system interactions
• Generally Expensive Due to Detailed Site Investigation,

Analysis, and Level of Details

Level 3: Site Investigation
Measurements

Opening Up Equipment
• Packed Filters Don’t Fit

• Poor Filter Causes Increase Dirt into Coils
• Dirty Coils Block Flow and Increases Fan Energy


• Missing Blank-off Plate on Filter Rack

• No Filtration Increases Dirt into Coils
• Frozen Evaporator Coil- Low Refrigerant and Lowered Efficiency


• Audit Recommendations
• Make Sure ECMs Work with Your Facility
 Need to understand mission/business the building is in and make
recommendations that will not impact it.
 Projects should improve facility conditions not reduce facilities
productivity.
• Take All Building Systems into Account

 Buildings have many systems that interact with each other.
 Not accounting for impact of one recommendation with another
building system may negate energy savings

• Scope and Costs

• Most ECMs are Simple on Paper….
 A summary of the energy savings scope should be included for each
recommendation with simple payback per ECM.
 Account for deferred maintenance cost savings of new equipment.
 Perform a Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of all alternatives.
 Installation costs needs to be realistic for that region or market and
included design and other costs for complicated projects.
 Contractors will not install correctly unless instructed specifically.
 Devil is in the details.
 Avoid installation pitfalls by involving energy auditor/firm with all
phases of project from design to commissioning.

LEED Buildings and Examples
Do LEED Buildings Really

Save Energy?
Things to Consider
• LEED energy credits based on simulated performance
• Some energy saving requirements are standard already
• Credits related to daylighting or indoor air quality conflict with
potential savings
• Getting more credits costs more capital than spending extra to
get premium efficiency equipment and controls

Audit Results: Level 2 Audit
Weed Army Community Hospital
Weed Army Community Hospital is a LEED Platinum, carbon-neutral hospital that will generate
all of its energy needs from solar power and renewable energy systems.

Walter Reed National Medical Center
Naval Support Activity (NSA) Bethesda, MD, is a 243-acre Naval Medical Center Complex
Base and host to more than 40 tenant commands and activities, including the largest medical
complex in the Department of Defense, the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.
Recommendations Included:
• Lighting Upgrades • Exhaust Air Optimization and Energy Recovery
• Water Conservation/Upgrades (ERX)
• HVAC/HVAC Controls • Solar domestic hot water heating system to
• Retrocommission supplement existing DHW systems
• Demand Control/Ventilation

LEED Gold Building

• Location: TN mountains
 High Efficiency Heat Pumps
 Auxiliary Gas Heat
 16 SEER vs. EER
 20% difference between the two

ratings
 12.8 EER for simulation model

LEED Gold Building

• Heat Pump Condenser Coils
 Hail Damage
 Oxidation/Corrosion
 12-15% loss in efficiency

 Overall 35% less than the LEED
Model
 1 year after install

LEED Gold Building

• What’s wrong with this
picture?
 Daylighting LEED points
 Lighting points maximize
• Digital Control System
 Lights on during day

 No daylight controls program
 Over 5,000 kWh savings missed

LEED Gold Building

What’s wrong with this picture, take 2?
 R-value of walls was R-19

 R-value of glazing is R-1
 Predominantly a heating climate (at

elevation of 2,500 ft)
 No savings from daylighting and
plenty of heat loss thru glazing

LEED Gold Building

Location: Alaska
 Fuel Oil Cost: $10/gallon

 Energy Cost: $0.54/kWh
 End of the Ice Road

 Arctic Circle

LEED Gold Building

Museum
• Track Lighting
 70-watt HID x 26
 9 hours/day, 7 days/week
• Basement Lighting
 13-watt CFL x 18
 1 wall switch
 On 24/7

LEED Gold Building

Museum
• Spot Light
 250-watt Halogen
 Motion Activated
 Indoors Now
• 70% possible energy

reduction possible

LEED Gold Building

Museum
• Design Load
 -50F in winter
 Triple-pane (R-5) glazing
• Modified Sun Room

 Double-pane (R-1) glazing
 Winter Darkness
 Computer room exhaust

LEED Gold Building

Museum • Space Utilization
 900 annual visitors
 3 winter employees
 3 HVAC zones
Consolidation into 1 zone can save

65% of winter energy consumption

LEED Gold Building

Museum
• Solar PV Array
 Motorized tracking
 Summer sun doesn’t set
 No net meter
Give the utility grid free power

during summer nights

Conclusion
Make It Happen
Implement Projects
• Audits Don’t Save Energy
• Actions and Projects Do
So our grandchildren will be able to come see us!

Q&A and Comments
Binh Nguyen, PE, CEM

Energy Project Engineer
Amec Foster Wheeler
404 SW 140th Terrace
Gainesville, FL 32669
binh.nguyen@amecfw.com
352-333-3631
Brenda Phillips
President/COO
Sain Engineering Associates, Inc.
2700 Corporate Parkway, Suite 230
Brenda.phillips@saineng.com
205 909-4728

T1S2 Nguyen Phillips

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

T1S2 Nguyen Phillips

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

ENERGY 101

Energy Audits and Benchmarking

Tampa Convention Center • Tampa, Florida

• Binh Nguyen, PE, CEM

2 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

• What is an Energy Audit?

• Example Audit Findings

• LEED Audit Findings

3 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

• “Beyond simply identifying the sources of energy use,

• It is imperative that you

• Do you have funding for projects?

6 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

• 12 or 24 Months of Utility Data and Costs

7 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

8 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

• Brenda Phillips, AIA, LEED AP

Primary clients: Department Defense/Federal, Education, Transportation,

9 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

Mission – Vision – Values

10 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

• Identify High Performing

11 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

Critical Step to Energy Management

Establishes a reference point for

Allows the measurement of progress

12 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

Total Cost of Ownership

13 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

14 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

Energy Use Index (EUI)

 The total building BTUs divided by the conditioned square footage

 Establishes a baseline of potential savings based on facts

15 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

Utility Bill Benchmarking

• Most Commercial Buildings Can Realize 20-30% Savings

16 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

ENERGY STAR Guidelines

17 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

Annual Energy Use Index Energy Use Percentage

Montgomery Regional Airport

18 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

19 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

WHAT’S IN IT FOR ME?

20 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

Energy Audit Definition

21 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

22 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

• What’s wrong with this picture?

• Exterior lights on during the

• Repairing $50 photocell sensor

• Approximately $65 savings per

23 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

• What’s wrong with this picture?

• Thermostat above copier

• No “Sleep” Mode on Copier

• 5-10 degrees warmer above

• Adds 2,000 hours a year of

• Solution: MOVE COPIER

24 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

• Repairing steam traps can reduce

• Bad door seals and lower door

25 Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

• Replacing old manual