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3/19/2019 Cable Size Calculation for LT & HT Motors | Electrical Technology
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Cable Size Calculation for LT & HT

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How to calculate the Cable size for LT & HT Motors?

Selecting the right cable size for the motor is an important
parameter for the Industry whether it’s during Installation and
Commissioning or during running condition. It is a very important
aspect for Safety, Cost minimization and reduction of undesired losses.
An undersized cable can burn during motor operation causing risk to
human life, machine, infrastructure, loss of production and replacement
cost.
Whereas an oversized conductor will incur unnecessary cost not only

for the long run cables but also for cable termination materials used
along with them i.e. lugs, glands, jointing kit (in case any fault occur in
the future) and oversized cable tray. The cost of labor for laying of
higher size cable will also be higher compared to respective lower size
https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2017/07/cable-size-calculation-for-lt-ht-motors.html 1/13
cable. Considering all these vital points it’s important to make an

proper cable size calculation for our motor.
Must Read: How to Calculate the Cable Size for Different

Loads and Home Wiring (US & EU Solved Examples)
Related Post: MV & HV Cable Termination to Equipment & Joints
Before we go in details, let’s clear the main difference between LT &

HT Motors.
What is the difference between LT and HT Motors?

Well, as the word LT (Low Tension i.e. Low Voltage) and HT (High
Tension i.e. High Voltage) or low torque and high torque respectively
describe the whole story itself.
its also depends on the availability of supply voltage,i.e. in USA and

EU,
LT Motors ranges = 230V – 415V
HT Motors ranges = 3.3 kV, 6.6kV – 11kV
while keep in mind that LT motors need more current than HT

motors.
in other regions, they classified LT Motor under 1kV & HT Motor Over
1kV.
Now we have to discuss the main topic that’s how to calculate the
cable size for motors?
Related Post: Cables Feeder Protection – Faults Types, Causes &

Differential Protection
Cable Size Calculation of 125 Kw LT Motor

Motor KW = 125
Pf = 0.8, Efficiency = 94%
System Voltage, V1 = 415
Cable length = 200 m
Load Current = P / (1.732 x V x Pf x Eff) —> (P = √3 x Vx I CosΦ

= for three phase circuits)
= 125000 / (1.732 x 415 x 0.8 x 0.94)
~ 230 A
This is the full load current cable needs to cater in Ideal condition. But
in practical situation, there are several derating factors which need to
be considered.
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The current rating given for the cables is defined for ambient temp of
40* C. If the ambient temp is greater than that, cable current carrying
capacity derates.
Suppose our cable is in Air laid on cable tray,
You may also read: What is Stepper Motor: Construction, Types

and Modes of Operation
Air Temperature 20° 25° 30° 35° 40° 45° 50° 55°
in Deg.
Normal
1.32 1.25 1.16 1.09 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.80
PVC
De-
HR
Rating 1.22 1.17 1.12 1.06 1.00 0.94 0.87 0.80
PVC
factors
XLPE 1.20 1.16 1.11 1.06 1.00 0.95 0.88 0.82
Rating factors related to variation in ambient air temperature
Temperature Correction Factor, K1 when cable is in the Air = 0.88 (for

50* Amb temp & XLPE cable)
Grouping of cables also derates cable’s current carrying capacity. If

many cables are grouped together, they will all heat up. The heat won’t
be able to dissipate properly hence it will warm up the cable itself and
those in its contact. This will raise the temperature further. Hence we
have to derate the current carrying capacity of the cable according to
the grouping factor.
Let’s go for worst case scenario, i.e. 3 trays parallel to each other
having 9 cables each touching to each other.
No. of
No. of Cables per Rack No. of Cables per Rack
Racks
1 2 3 6 9 1 2 3 6 9
1 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.92 1.00 0.84 0.80 0.75 0.7
2 1.00 0.95 0.93 0.90 0.89 1.00 0.80 0.76 0.71 0.6
3 1.00 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.88 1.00 0.78 0.74 0.70 0.6
6 1.00 0.93 0.90 0.87 0.86 1.00 0.76 0.72 0.65 0.6
Table: Cable Grouping Factor (No of Tray Factor), K2 = 0.68 (for 3 trays having 9
cable each)
Total derating factor = K1 x K2
= 0.88×0.68 = 0.5984
Let’s select 1.1 KV, 3 core, 240 Sq.mm, Aluminum, XLPE, Armored
cable for single run
Click to enlarge the table
Technical Details For 1.1 KV, 3 Core, Aluminum/Copper Conductor,

XLPE Insulated, Armored Cables
Current capacity of 240 Sq.mm XLPE Armored aluminum cable in Air

is 402 Amp
Total derating current of 240 Sq.mm Cable = 402×0.5984 = 240.55

Amp
Resistance = 0.162 Ω / Km and

Reactance = 0.072 Ω / Km
You may also read: Brushless DC Motor: Construction, Working

Principle & Applications
Estimated Voltage Drops in PVC/XLPE Aluminum Cables For

A.C. System
(Voltage drop – Volts/Km/Amps)
Nominal Area
of Conductor P.V.C. Cable XLPE Cable
(Sq. mm)
Single Three Single

Three System
Phase Phase Phase
1.5 43.44 37.62 46.34 40.13
2.5 29.04 25.15 30.98 26.83
4 17.78 15.40 18.98 16.44
6 11.06 9.58 11.80 10.22
10 7.40 6.41 7.88 6.82
16 4.58 3.97 4.90 4.24
25 2.89 2.50 3.08 2.67
35 2.10 1.80 2.23 1.94
50 1.55 1.30 1.65 1.44
70 1.10 0.94 1.15 1.00
95 0.79 0.68 0.83 0.70
120 0.63 0.55 0.66 0.56
150 0.52 0.46 0.55 0.48
185 0.42 0.37 0.44 0.40
240 0.34 0.30 0.35 0.30
300 0.28 0.26 0.30 0.26
400 0.24 0.22 0.24 0.22

500 0.23 0.20 0.23 0.20
630 0.20 0.18 0.21 0.18
800 0.19 – 0.20 –
1000 0.18 – 0.18 –
Voltage drop, V2 = 0.3 Volts/Km/Amp (as per Havell’s brochure)
= 0.3 x 230 x (200 / 1000)
= 13 V
Terminal voltage at Motor, V2 = 415 -13 = 402 V
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% Drop = (V2 – V1) / (V1)
= (415 – 402) x 100 / (415)
= 3.13%
To decide 240 Sq.mm cable, cable selection condition should be

checked
1. Cable derating Amp (240.55 Amp)is higher than full load current of
load (230 Amp) = OK
2. Cable voltage Drop (3.13%)is less than defined voltage drop
(10%) = OK
3. Cable short circuit capacity (22.56 KA) is higher than system short
circuit capacity at that point ( X KA) = OK
Related Post: Why Coaxial Cables are Highly Insulated?
240 Sq.mm cable satisfied all three condition, so it is advisable to

use 3 Core 240 Sq.mm cable.
You may also read: What is Motor Efficiency & How to improve it?
Cable Size Calculation for 350 KW HT Motor

In case of LV system cable can be selected on the basis of its current
carrying capacity and voltage drop but in case of MV/HV system cable
short circuit capacity is an important/deciding factor. So in case of HT
motor, the cable short circuit capacity alone is enough to determine the
cable size as rest two parameters will automatically follow.
Consider the below example:
Motor KW = 350
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Pf = 0.8, Efficiency = 94%
System Voltage, V1 = 6.6 KV
Cable length = 200 m
Load Current = P / (1.732 x V x Pf x Eff)
= 350000 / (1.732 x 6600 x 0.8 x 0.94)
= 41 A
Suppose Short circuit level/Fault level for H.T. system, Ish (for duration
t=1sec) = 26.2 KA
With Aluminum conductor, XLPE insulated cable =
= 278.72 Sq.mm
Hence nearest higher size 300 sq mm is required.
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We can see from the below table also that the short circuit capacity of
300sqmm cable is 28 KA which is more than our fault level.
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with Timer
Click image to enlarge
(6.6KV UNEARTHED / 11KV EARTHED GRADE)
Technical Details For 6.6 KV, 3 Core, Aluminum/Copper Conductor,

XLPE Insulated, Armored Cables
We can see that this will automatically satisfy other two conditions also.
Let’s select 6.6 KV, 3 core, 300 Sq.mm, Aluminum, XLPE, Armored
cable for single run
Temperature Correction Factor, K1 when cable is in the Air = 0.88 (for

50* Amb temp & XLPE cable)
Cable Grouping Factor (No of Tray Factor), K2 = 0.68 (for 3 trays

having 9 cable each)
Total derating factor = K1 x K2 = 0.88 x 0.68 = 0.5984
Current capacity of 300 Sq.mm XLPE Armored aluminum cable in Air

is 450 Amp
Total derating current of 300 Sq.mm Cable = 450×0.5984 = 269.28

Amp
Resistance = 0.130 Ω / Km and
Reactance = 0.0999 Ω / Km
Voltage drop = 0.26 Volts / Km / Amp (as per Havell’s brochure)
= 0.26 x 200 x 41 / 1000
= 2.132 V
Terminal voltage at Motor, V2 = 6600 – 2.132 = 6597.868 V
% Drop = (V1 – V2) / (V1)
= (6600 – 6597.8) x 100 / (6600)
= 0.032%
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To decide 300 Sq.mm cable, cable selection condition should be

checked
1. Cable derating Amp (269.28 Amp) is higher than full load current
of load (41 Amp) = OK
2. Cable voltage Drop (0.032%)is less than defined voltage drop
(5%) = OK
3. Cable short circuit capacity (28.20 KA) is higher than system short
circuit capacity at that point (26.2 KA) = OK
300 Sq.mm cable satisfied all three condition, so it is advisable to

use 3 Core 300 Sq.mm cable.
You may also read:
Three Phase Motor Power & Control Wiring Diagrams

Electrical Wire & Cable Size Calculator (Copper & Aluminum)
How to Find the Size of Earth Conductor, Earthing Lead & Earth
Electrodes?
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 Tags AC Motors Cable Size Controlling DC Motors Design LT & HT Motors
Motor Control Three Phase & Single Phase Motors
8 Comments
Ratna Ramesh
Please give me the Chart for the cables and glands, lugs
Reply
NGO XUAN TRIEU

Dear Sir!
Please explain help me,
For LT motor 125kw, Pf = 0.8, Efficiency = 94%, System Voltage, V1 = 415, Cable
length = 200 m
1. Voltage drop, V2 = 0.3 Volts/Km/Amp (as per Havell’s brochure)
= 0.3x217x200/1000 = 13 V
I thinks this is wrong, because sysatem voltage is 415v not 217v, So:
V2=0.3x415x200/1000 = 24.9v
Is that true Sir? please anser help me. Thanks
2. About Cable voltage Drop (3.13%) is less than defined voltage drop (10%) = OK
Could you help me understand about 10%?. The voltage drop 10% is your experienced
or what’s standard?.
Thanks & have a nice day!
Reply
Sanjeev Raghav
Dear sir,
There is some typing error, instead of 217, it should be the Calculated full load
Current i.e. 230 Amp. thus 217 is not the voltage but it is current and Voltage V2 is
voltage drop in Volts in one Km length with one Amp Load current.
Now, here cable length is 200 mtr., so it is divided by 1000 to convert the 200 mtr.
in Km. & instead of 217 Amp it should be 230 Amp. Now multiply by the 0.3 i.e.
Voltage drop in one km with one amp load current. Thus, actual Voltage drop in
Volts would be
V2 = 0.3*230*200/1000 = 13.8 Volts
Reply
Electrical Technology
We have changed the values. Thanks for correction.
Reply
Saumil Jain
Dear Sir,
Please specified how will select the size any type of cable like control cable and power
cable as well as core.
please provide me calculation.
Reply
Here is the step by step tutorial: How to select proper cable for installation ?
Reply
Rehan Ansari
Dear Sir,
Please specified how will select the size any type of cable like control cable and power
cable as well as core.
please provide me calculatio
Reply
You may find it here with examples
Reply

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3/19/2019 Cable Size Calculation for LT & HT Motors | Electrical Technology

Wire Size Calculator Electrical Cable Cal

3 Phase Cable Installatio

Electrical Design How To Motors Protection Troubleshooting

Cable Size Calculation for LT & HT

High Frequency Current Transfor

How to calculate the Cable size for LT & HT Motors?

Whereas an oversized conductor will incur unnecessary cost not only

cable. Considering all these vital points it’s important to make an

Must Read: How to Calculate the Cable Size for Different

Related Post: MV & HV Cable Termination to Equipment & Joints

Before we go in details, let’s clear the main difference between LT &

What is the difference between LT and HT Motors?

its also depends on the availability of supply voltage,i.e. in USA and

LT Motors ranges = 230V – 415V

HT Motors ranges = 3.3 kV, 6.6kV – 11kV

while keep in mind that LT motors need more current than HT

Related Post: Cables Feeder Protection – Faults Types, Causes &

Cable Size Calculation of 125 Kw LT Motor

Pf = 0.8, Efficiency = 94%

System Voltage, V1 = 415

Cable length = 200 m

Load Current = P / (1.732 x V x Pf x Eff) —> (P = √3 x Vx I CosΦ

= 125000 / (1.732 x 415 x 0.8 x 0.94)

Wire Size Calculator Electrical C

Suppose our cable is in Air laid on cable tray,

You may also read: What is Stepper Motor: Construction, Types

XLPE 1.20 1.16 1.11 1.06 1.00 0.95 0.88 0.82

Rating factors related to variation in ambient air temperature

Temperature Correction Factor, K1 when cable is in the Air = 0.88 (for

Grouping of cables also derates cable’s current carrying capacity. If

Total derating factor = K1 x K2

Click to enlarge the table

Technical Details For 1.1 KV, 3 Core, Aluminum/Copper Conductor,

Current capacity of 240 Sq.mm XLPE Armored aluminum cable in Air

Total derating current of 240 Sq.mm Cable = 402×0.5984 = 240.55

Resistance = 0.162 Ω / Km and

You may also read: Brushless DC Motor: Construction, Working

Estimated Voltage Drops in PVC/XLPE Aluminum Cables For

(Voltage drop – Volts/Km/Amps)

Single Three Single

1.5 43.44 37.62 46.34 40.13

2.5 29.04 25.15 30.98 26.83

4 17.78 15.40 18.98 16.44

6 11.06 9.58 11.80 10.22

10 7.40 6.41 7.88 6.82

16 4.58 3.97 4.90 4.24

25 2.89 2.50 3.08 2.67

35 2.10 1.80 2.23 1.94

50 1.55 1.30 1.65 1.44

70 1.10 0.94 1.15 1.00

95 0.79 0.68 0.83 0.70

120 0.63 0.55 0.66 0.56

150 0.52 0.46 0.55 0.48

185 0.42 0.37 0.44 0.40

240 0.34 0.30 0.35 0.30

300 0.28 0.26 0.30 0.26

400 0.24 0.22 0.24 0.22

500 0.23 0.20 0.23 0.20

630 0.20 0.18 0.21 0.18

800 0.19 – 0.20 –

1000 0.18 – 0.18 –

Voltage drop, V2 = 0.3 Volts/Km/Amp (as per Havell’s brochure)

= 0.3 x 230 x (200 / 1000)