Question Bank

1.What is a protective relay? Explain the functional characteristics of a protective relay.

2.Explain what is meant by primary protection and back up protection.
3.Define the terms:
(i) Pick up value
(ii) Reset value
(iii) Operating time
(iv) Reset time
(v) Drop out
(vi) Blind spot
(vii)Interlock
(viii) Normal and abnormal conditions
4.Draw single line diagram of a power system illustrating selectivity and protective zones
5. Explain the working principle of Electromagnetic induction type relays. What is use of
shading ring?
6. Explain the functions of Buchholz relay
7.what are various kind of backup protections?
8. Discuss the working principle and types and application of thermal relays.
9.Discuss about wattmetric type induction disc relay in detail.
10. Relay is the brain of protection. Justify this statement using trip circuit.
11. Discuss about any four major qualities a relay should passes.
12. Draw a neat diagram of gas actuated relay what is its location and use in the device
13. What are the different type of faults occurring in power system?
14. Explain the importance of protective schemes employed in power system
15. How induction type construction is superior to induction disc type
16. What are the design consideration in electromagnetic relay
17. Describe any vibration less attraction armature relay
18. Determine the time of operation of an IDMT relayof rating 5 Amp and having setting of
125%and TMS = 0.5. The relay is connected througha CT of 400/5. The fault current is 4000
Amp.The operating time Tor PSM = 8 is 3.2 sec.
19. Discuss duality between phase and amplitude comparator and describe various types of
Amplitude and Phase comparator used in static relay.
20. Derive characteristic equation for amplitude and phase comparator under threshold condition.
21. Explain the principle of distance relays stating clearly the difference between impedance
relay, reactance relay, and mho relay.
22. Write a short note on time-current characteristics of an overcurrent relay. Classify various-
types of overcurrent relays and give their applications.
23. Give schemes of protection for a parallel feeder fed from (i) one end (ii) both the ends.
24. Using carrier system of protection, what is the basis of choice of frequency in power line
carrier system?
25. Compare merits and demerits of various pilot wire relaying schemes for protecting
transmission
lines.
26. What do you understand by IDMT relay? Draw the typical characteristic of an IDMT relay.
27. Compare electromagnetic relays with static relay.
28. Explain the zonal protection scheme for feeder. Describe the reactance relay characteristic
for 3-zone protection. Also draw the contact circuit for the same.
29. Explain with a suitable example the phenomenon of auto reclosing.
30. Explain the term pilot with reference to power line protection. What are different types of
pilot schemes?
31. What is distance relay? Draw its characteristic. How is directional feature added with over
impedance relays? Why it is required.
32. Derive the characteristic of mho, reactance and impedance relay
33. What are the basic elements of static relay? Describe the function of each element.
34. What is the principle of distance relaying? Explain definite distance time graded method of
impedance relay protection( 3 Zone of protection)
35. Why directional feature provided for impedance relay cannot be used for reactance relay?
36. What are the inputs to static phase comparator in synthesis of impedance relay, explain it
with phasor diagram.
37. Write a detail note on pilot-wire protection of transmission line.
38. Give the construction features, principle of working &characteristics of electromagnetic
directional over-current relay.
39. Enumerate the concept of ring feeder protection using directional and non-directional relay.
40. Explain the time, current and current-time graded protection of feeders.
41. Define the terms recovery voltage and rate of rise of restriking voltage.

(a) Derive an expression for the latter.

(b) Show how the restriking transients can be damped by connecting a resistance across the
contacts of a circuit breaker.

42. Explain the process of fault clearing with the help of a neat sketch.
43. Describe the different component of carrier protection scheme and explain phase comparison
carrier protection.
44. Compare merits and demerits of various pilot wire relaying schemes for protecting
Transmission
lines.
45. An alternator rated at 10 kV protected by the balanced circulating current system has its
neutral
grounded through a resistance of 10 ohms. The protective relay is set to operate when there is
an out of balance current of 1.8 amp in the pilot wires, which are connected to the secondary
windings of 1000/5 ratio current transformers.
Determine (i) the percentage winding which remains unprotected (ii) the minimum value of
earthing resistance required to protect 80% of the winding.
46. Discuss the principle of arc interruption in (i) an oil circuit breaker (ii) air blast circuit
breaker
47. Describe the construction, principle of operation and applications of SF6 circuit breaker.
Also enumerate the properties of SF6 gas which makes a good dielectric and arc quenching
medium. How is it different from air blast breaker?
48. Explain various ratings of a circuit breaker and also describe its direct and indirect testing.
49. Explain the bus bar protection scheme with an example.
50. Describe following relays
(i) Phase fault relays
(ii) Earth fault relays
(iii) Polyphase relays
(iv) Negative sequence relays.
51. Find the portion of winding protected against earth fault on a 11 kV, 50 MVA star-connected
alternator having a reactance of 1.5 ohm per phase and negligible resistance. The generator
neutral is grounded with 10 ohm. Merz-Price protection scheme is used which operates when
the out of balance current exceeds 5% of the full load current
52. Describe 3-phase transformer of filer differential protection. Show that Star-delta transformer
differential protection CTS are connected indelta and starrespectively.
53. Explain with a suitable example the phenomenon of auto-reclosing
54. What are different type test carried out on a circuit breaker? Differentiate and explain type
test and routine test
55. Discuss the behavior of electric arc in vacuum type circuit breaker with the help of neat
diagram
56. Explain the construction of vacuum circuit breaker
57. Describe the construction and operation of minimum oil circuit breaker
58. Explain the phenomenon of current chopping and capacitive current breaking in Circuit
breaker.
59. Describe the operating principle of DC circuit Breaker
60. The neutral point of a three phase 10 MVA, 11kV alternator is earthed through a resistance
of 4.5 ohms, the relay is set to operate when there is an out of balance current of 1.3 A. The
CTs have a ratio of 1500/5. What percentage of winding is protected against an earth fault
and what should be the minimum value of earthling resistance to protect 85% of winding.