5 UNDER IMPERIAL SPAIN ‘The most spectacular change during the Renalasnce which ‘shaped the coum of Bistory was the opening of the world to European shipping. Propelled by "Gospel, Gold and Glory.” and supported by muchinproved tachnolony ~ new types of tips fling charts and ‘moeps, navigational instruments, gunpowder, td supenor high-powered arms ~ the two Tberan superpowers of Spain and Portal pused through thir ultimate goals to ‘Sesover te rst of tho wor. With the accumulation f wealthy polities authority, additonal empiscal knowladge in science and echnology, and the rapport of a soall economic elite, they were bie to fiance sveral daring reconnaisance enterprbes in Vast Junknown, undiscovered seas, and untouched, uncharted on nents” With momentous martine dacoveres, the hitherto terra tncopnitz of Asia, with her diverse ancient elizations and cultures, wae istemated with Europe. ‘Thus in the arduous snd Jemrthy proces of maitine discovery inthe ate Cfteanth entry, rnew ont lanes to Southeass Aun were charted vehi Ind to the ‘pice cade route, The Gree of thew wat Initiated by Portugal by sang vn the southearars route which made beat hrouths Into the ndlan Ocean in 1488 and ended withthe fll of Malacca 1511) and the Males or the Mofuceas (1512). "The second was Jed by Spain by sang va the western or southwestern route ‘hat made serendipitous landfalls in the West lnies in 1492 and ‘culminated in te "rediscovery" ofthe Paiippines in 1821 ast! Meets West Making the food. more palatable to the moet discriminating medieval tastes tiggsred the sarc for spies of all sorts: pepper, cimamon, eves, nutmeg and Rings! ‘which wee indigenous Go the Bast, Spices accented the bland {ste of mont and fish, wile preserving them, in te sbsence fof reigertion, ‘So expensive were mice ike black pepper that it coal even buy land, pay taxon, iberote a ety, even pay dow- tes As Fermind Braudel soramentad: "Everything depecded on ty tren the dreams of te fiftent century explorer” Inthe eleventh Stating, perper was eres msticulouty coimied out by pepper ‘Some, and wien dred, cinnamon end ginger were weigned with7” [HISTORY OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE ‘windows shut let tho wind blew oway their mallet pticelearpart lot. Besides pies, fold, ves ever anil spurred men to fade in them highy-egardad commeditie which brought them great ‘wealth Merchants suddenly became imporlant in ho eyes of the people, and they not only Became richer but also powerful inthe ‘more famous trading cites of Italy. Gold and iver not only funded but also expended the jewelry te of rare pears and rubies from faraway Indie, ‘an tee to of Boge iad not oly to te low of econo profit snd the wea ota 1 Straps itis bts ote dfeuinteracon of cues ‘he temiandous pois Euwopean ede ought to ion ter feisty Fora and Spy Bop re 2 EC eur of Oneal pc Ta need the te itor at ely Soo peowe Bempe at Por ‘The, Lustenian Hepanic Kivary i Mantime ‘Ducoverias— Porugsl war te fret county to use innovation in seamanship ‘and bontbulléing withthe ecalisrnent by Henry “the Navigator” Sf the fre tevyational schoo! in the globe at Sagres Point in 1419. Between 1451 and 1470, the Portiguese discovered end calonize al the ids ofthe Azores is ine Atlantic when ty ‘ied to stage the discovery of the Americes and the circumnay- ‘ation the west cost of Ain Fropelod by thet uadying tea the Portage purmed toe ne tahing the Eat ing ast ete ru By the tra of he Sifteenth con, fwo of ber intrepid explorer ‘haa reacned the soutbemmort end of Atica and str, finda, ‘Bun nnn the ce to the mln an pi ofthe Bast Spain, however, had eae diptcbed the fn truly momen! ‘ows exploretion in modem times. inspired by the Florentine map- ‘ocker Faclo Toseanelt to discover westward ora tous to Indi, CCaxstopber Columbus (Crstoforo Colombe) inead made a land: {ain Guanahant (eres ened gs Sam Svador But in 2966 so Samana Cay) Inland in October 1492, nd two weeks Iter on the cpus of Cabs His voyage, however Sotertedmiespprebension fied dupute between Spam wn Fors Kink ton (oto) of Portugal protated on the grovod that it wer'an ncuron by ‘Spain of his hare of inftnce. Pope Alczander Vi medinted between the fo powers Elecied barely two mont eater, this Spach pope fom Valencia, who sired the notorious Cemare “UNDER MAPERIAL satN i se tach ori nd in ny 149, he ner cng end the nie Desotions. ering Spain the rht over ty ia nev dbcoweed by Galambus Sadan the Partapees were {ond along the wear eoar of Alten ‘The pocorn Fore ie, howeve, tals the Spr pope's ba diol recy forse sible domain tne, ty weed fais rercon to reduc the se of the leony Gane Spach explorers inthe Now Wor ‘The spheres of influence of the two! superpowers of the ‘ittoenth century thus, wore finaly fixed by an magia line awn fromthe north and south pols, a hundred lespuer (one Spanish ina ~ 5.57 kdlometaxs) from Spain, west of the Cape Verde Islands (on the coast of present Senegal in the westere ‘ost tip of Afres). ‘The lends fing to the exst of the ine were ‘esered for Portugal, and thor setitores to the went to Shain Both nations need so propagate the tenets of Chrstinity in ‘hele newly found lends In 1494 the treaty of Tordetiae wae signed which pattioned . the non-Christian word into two sphures of influence Tt fae, fully followed the papal ball of 1499 granting the New World fo Spain, while Afsica and India were reserved only for Portugal, However, the treaty shifted the demarcation line 370 leagues farther weet, thus astizning Brac to Portugal, This was averse Portuguese gin ‘Tho Magetan | (Magalhdes) Expudition (1518.1621)—Fer- dinand Magellan (Femao de Magalies), a. fortupusse mice the Spanish royalty, saw action for hiretunty in the East fie fm Indi with Alfonso de Almelds in 1508, and with distinvtion, ‘in the fal of Malas in 1511. His original sagestion of ronching the Maluku (the Spice Islands) by sailing westard wa reloctod by his King. Attar coven years of active mrvce inthe Eas, he tured to his home county: end then fought inthe Nore Altican campaign agunct the Moors. It was Ruy Paleo «te lant cosmegrapher, who epged him to serve Spain ss he wa thes ‘ot in the good graces of Lisbon cour, In 3618 he convinced Charles V that he could find a short way to the Maluku by salling westward via the Americas Ae part of a seconnaasance voyege in 1811-12, Magellan had visited the Spice Inland, Magen ‘reived royal intraction to) a dumeiy eo the Wala soa fo being back cargo of the priceless sploes, Thue began “the ‘Genter of all epics of human discovery” when he tailed orn ‘Sen Lear, Spain, in 1519, om boar five very antuquated ships‘as HISTORY OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE swith crew of 286 fem. Skirting unknown and uncharted lends, hoe miled aroand the southern tip of South America, acroet the vast Pacific Ocean after 98 days of salling northwestward, Magelan {inal reached the Philippines on Mareh 17, 1521. fh Morian, fie was defested and ell in batten. Aprll 1024 as @ conse. ‘quence of his interrention in a dispute between Lapilapa and ala, chetainsof Mactan. Only. one tip, a tact the east (of them, the Victoria, completad the voyage back to Spain in 1520, etving in Seville, ed by Juan Sebatinn del Cano. A rere eightgen Buropeans and four Maleys survived, thus loving 170 ‘of "the oriinal expeition lost oa the way.” Other survivors ‘were retrieved lator by subsequent expeditions ‘The expalion was a tst of human endurance, “Pood! was the most serious and perenisl protien, ae bythe tie they were is the immense Pacific, Magellan's men were compelled to cat wormintested powdery bacsite eolled by tats smd, tnd seasoaked lather. Lack of Vitoria C rested in rampant Geathe among the crew mombers due to scury. . Mayelin di not lve 40 20 the final completion of the “fest. ‘known voyage in hittory 10 ercumnevieate the globe." Twas Lough this tip that he Buvopean fmt teamed ofthe cxstonce ‘of the Philippines. Tt also proved thatthe eary as fount it ‘abled the resin of the Pate Octo t proved tat he Ties could be reached by crossing tie Paco: and finaly ‘Wthowed that the Americas war really 8 lant mass ently spe sale from Aa Malukw ard the Philippines~Threo. Spanish” expeditions foliowed Magellan's, this time sang from Mexico, wach had become a Spanish colony — the Saavedra (2627-20), the Vil lobes (1543-48), and the most succes of lh tho. Legsepi fxpedition (1664). As a Sequel to the Magellan voyage, «lange ‘et of seven ships, witha crew af 450 under ths joint command of Garcia Jotee de Losisa and dunn Sebastian dol Cano, lft La Conia, Soin, in July 1525, to claim Maluku forthe’ Spank crown,” By October 3525, the expedition reached: Mindanao where they bartered ‘rice, fruits, chicken, and coconut. wine with the Flipinos. Mowaver, both commanders met death i the Pacii, and the ULfated expedition, led by Hemando de la "Tome, watt fon the mmewaaly seston mom Spain, From Zihuatanejo, the fist voyage to the Pacific fitted ‘om the Americas eed om the ove of All Sint’ Day in 1827 [UNDER IMPERIAL SPAIN ie ‘under tne commani of Alonso de SaavedraCetSn, with asquatron fof three ships and a crew of some 115 men. Atnong his instruc ‘ions inchided the discovery of the MexicanMahizu route Vis the Paitc Osean end the release or search for, if any, rarivor ‘of the Magellan, Losiss, snd Cabot (1526) expeditions. Saavedra Zeached what is probably now known as Lantiea Bay, overtook. ing Tandag (Surigao del Sur) by February 1628, following Mge- Jan's sea route. Te Spaniars vil reported that "Maluarbuco" ‘im northeactem Mindanao was rch in gold, chickens, wild pls and coconuts; the women were doscrbed 2 beatiful and he ten fuincompleiones. All of them sported long hair, used ‘weapon sich st fon culasos, cannons, long aows and’ blow fue Bpped with powoned here, and wore cotton corsats in Wat. ‘They performed blood brothatiood caremonics with their now {ends and allopedly sacrificed, sometimes, humans, and offered ood snd dink to tes enitot ‘They recopslzed Catunao (8 Katunaw?) as thei chief. Saavedra, never returned to Mexico ‘are died on the high sas ‘Treaty of Zaragoza (1529)=—tn 1529, King Chases V coded his alleged sights to Maluku to John It of Pormgal for 250,000, ducat. not Knowing that they rirktfully belonged to the Por. fugues area of responsibilty te provided for i tho Treaty of ‘Tondo, truly an evidence of the lack of proper geographical powledge on both parts. A Ene of demarcation was cram fom pols to pol, this tine at 297% leagues east of the Maluku, ‘hich was apred’ upon ar the mestom limit of Spain's colons ‘Smmenhip. In view of the toaty, the Spanish goa in the “West” ‘was limited only to the Philippines, Thus, for quite some time, the Hupano-Lustanen rivalry for hégemony in Southeast. Ala would sp. ‘Vilalobos Expedition (1542:1546)—Under the able command cot Ruy Lopes de Villalobos, sc sips and some S70 men, departed from suan Galego (Novas), Mexico, in November 1542. By carly 1545, they reached the eastern coast of Mindanao. At Srangani Inland, Vilelobos esayed to wt up a colony and even ‘ordered his men to plow the land to plant com ~ the fit tne fon Philippine so Exteme hungar duo to abuonce of enough {ood supply forced his men to eat all the evalablo dogs, cts ‘and sate they sould find, slong with eb, come unknown platy Usage and. poleonous,crabe For Sarangani had only very rina amount ‘of food avalable at that time, lke rice end s2g0. afew hens hoge-and thre dee.