PHI 1600 Prof.

Steers-McCrum
H.W. 8 Due 15 November 2018
Natural Deduction: Introduction and Rules 1-5

For each rule below, (a) fill out the truth table to prove that the argument is valid and (b) translate the
symbolic rule into an English argument. (Make sure to include a key for p and q.)

1. Simplification
p&q p&q
_______ ______
p q

a.

p q p&q p q
T T
T F
F T
F F
b.

2. Conjunction
p
q
______
p&q

a.

p q p&q
T T
T F
F T
F F
b.
PHI 1600 Prof. Steers-McCrum
H.W. 8 Due 15 November 2018
3. Modus Ponens
p
p --> q
________
q
a.

p q p --> q q
T T
T F
F T
F F
b.

4. Modus Tollens
~q
p --> q
________
~p
a.

p q ~q p --> q ~p
T T
T F
F T
F F
b.
PHI 1600 Prof. Steers-McCrum
H.W. 8 Due 15 November 2018
5. Addition (simple)
p
________
pVq
a.

p q pVq
T T
T F
F T
F F
b.

6. Addition (more complex)

p
_______
p V (q & ~q)
a.

p q ~q q & ~q p V (q &~q)
T T
T F
F T
F F
b.

Finish the proofs below.

7. p & r
________
q V (p & r)

8. x --> y
z & ~y
_______
~x
PHI 1600 Prof. Steers-McCrum
H.W. 8 Due 15 November 2018

9. p --> q
~q & ~r
__________
~p V q

10. a --> ~b
c --> b
a
((a & ~b) &~c) --> d
___________________
d