KATA PENGATAR

Puji Syukur Kami panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat dan
karunia-Nya sehingga kami mampu menyelesaikan Tugas Besar Plambing ini. Kami mengucapkan
banyak terima kasih kepada pihak-pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan Laporan Tugas
Besar Plambing ini dari awal hingga akhir, baik dukungan secara moril maupun materil. Terima
kasih kepada Ibu DR. Novirina H, MT. Selaku dosen mata kuliah Plambing, dan juga tak lupa Ibu
DR. Novirina H, MT. Selaku asisten dosen yang telah membimbing kelompok Kami dalam
penyusunan dan pengerjaan Tugas Besar Plambing ini dari awal hingga akhir. Terima kasih juga
Kami ucapkan kepada teman-teman angkatan 2017 yang telah senantiasa saling membantu dan
bertukar informasi, terlebih untuk kakak senior yang telah bersedia membantu dan berbagi ilmu
selama proses pengerjaan. Dan yang terpenting terima kasih untuk kedua orang tua kami yang
selalu mendukung dan mendoakan Kami selama mengikuti perkuliahan dan mengerjakan Tugas
Besar Plambing ini.
Kami menyadari bahwa pada Tugas Besar Plambing ini masih banyak terdapat berbagai
kekurangan, untuk itu Kami memohon maaf atas segala kekurangan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, kritik
dan saran yang membangun sangat diharapkan sebagai pelajran untuk tugas besar berikutnya.
Semoga laporan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi semua pihak. Terima kasih.

Surabaya, 3 Desember 2018

Penulis

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 DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................................................... i

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................................. ii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Manfaat dan Tujuan............................................................................................................ 2
1.2.1 Maksud ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.2.2 Tujuan .......................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Ruang Lingkup................................................................................................................... 2
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Sistem dan Peralatan Plambing ........................................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Definisi Sistem Plambing ............................................................................................ 5
2.1.2 Fungsi Sistem Plambing.............................................................................................. 5
2.1.3 Jenis Peralatan Plambing ............................................................................................ 6
2.1.4 Peralatan Saniter ......................................................................................................... 6
2.1.5 Jenis Pipa .................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.6 Prinsip Dasar Instalasi Peralatan Plambing.................................................................. 13
2.2 Perencanaan Sistem Penyediaan Air Bersih ........................................................................ 14
2.2.1 Prinsip Dasar Sistem Penyediaan Air .......................................................................... 14
2.2.2 Sistem Penyediaan Air Bersih ..................................................................................... 14
2.2.3 Tekanan Air dan Kecepatan Aliran ............................................................................. 17
2.2.4 Laju Aliran Air ............................................................................................................ 18
2.2.5 Sistem Perpipaan ........................................................................................................ 24
2.2.6 Diameter Pipa Air Dingin ........................................................................................... 25
2.2.7 Ground Reservoar dan Roof Tank ............................................................................... 27
2.2.8 Titik Kritis .................................................................................................................. 29
2.2.9 Tinggi Menara ............................................................................................................ 30
2.2.10 Sistem Pompa Penyediaan Air Minum ...................................................................... 30
2.3 Perencanaan Sistem Air Buangan ....................................................................................... 31
2.3.1 Jenis Air Buangan ....................................................................................................... 31
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 2.3.2 Sistem Penyaluran Air Buangan .................................................................................. 33
2.3.3 Menentukan Ukuran Perpipaan Saluran Air Limbah.................................................... 33
2.3.4 Clean Out atau Lubang Pembersih .............................................................................. 34
2.3.5 Floor Drain ................................................................................................................. 34
2.3.6 Air Limbah di Bawah Taraf Riol ................................................................................. 36
2.3.7 Kemiringan Pipa dan Kecepatan Aliran ....................................................................... 37
2.3.8 Ukuran Pipa Pembuangan ........................................................................................... 37
2.4 Pipa Ven ............................................................................................................................. 39
2.4.1 Ven untuk Jaringan Air Limbah ................................................................................... 39
2.4.2 Pipa Tegak Ven ........................................................................................................... 43
2.4.3 Penentuan Diameter Pipa Air Kotor dan Bekas ........................................................... 45
2.4.4 Ketentuan Umum Ukuran Pipa Ven............................................................................. 45
2.4.5 Penentuan Ukuran PipaVen ......................................................................................... 47
2.5 Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR) ........................................................................................ 51
2.6 Drainase ............................................................................................................................. 52
2.6.1 Sistem Drainase Atap .................................................................................................. 53
2.6.2 Prinsip Dasar Drainase ................................................................................................ 54
2.7 Hydrant .............................................................................................................................. 57
2.7.1 Bahaya Kebakaran ...................................................................................................... 57
2.7.2 Prinsip-prinsip Air Untuk Pemadam Kebakaran .......................................................... 58
2.7.3 Sistem Pipa Tegak....................................................................................................... 59
2.7.4 Hydrant Gedung ......................................................................................................... 61
BAB III GAMBARAN UMUM GEDUNG DAN KRITERIA PERENCANAAN ........................... 64
3.1 Denah Gedung ................................................................................................................... 64
3.2 Penempatan Sanitari ........................................................................................................... 64
3.3 Perencanaan Final Gedung ................................................................................................. 64
BAB IV PERENCANAAN SISTEM PENYEDIAAN AIR BERSIH .............................................. 65
4.1 Perhitungan Kebutuhan Air Bersih ..................................................................................... 65
4.1.1 Metode Perhitungan Berdasarkan Jumlah Penghuni .................................................... 65
4.1.2 Metode Berdasarkan Jenis dan Jumlah Alat Plambing ................................................ 67
4.1.3 Berdasarkan Unit Alat Plambing (UAP) ...................................................................... 70
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 4.1.4 Penentuan Diameter Pipa Air Bersih ........................................................................... 73
4.2 Perhitungan Kapasitas Tangki............................................................................................. 74
4.2.1 Ground Reservoir ....................................................................................................... 74
4.2.2 Roof Tank ................................................................................................................... 76
4.3 Perhitungan Titik Kritis ...................................................................................................... 77
4.3.1 Kriteria Perencanaan ................................................................................................... 77
4.3.2 Desain Perencanaan .................................................................................................... 77
4.4 Perhitungan Booster Pump ................................................................................................. 82
4.5 Perhitungan Head Pompa ................................................................................................... 83
4.5.1 Kriteria Perencanaan ................................................................................................... 83
4.5.2 Desain Perencanaan .................................................................................................... 84
BAB V PERENCANAAN DAN PERHITUNGAN SISTEM AIR BUANGAN DAN PIPA VEN ... 95
5.1 Kebutuhan Air Buangan Dan Pipa Ven ............................................................................... 95
5.1.1 Kriteria Perencanaan Air Buangan dan Pipa Vent ....................................................... 95
5.1.2 Desain Perencanaan Air Buangan dan Pipa Vent ......................................................... 97
5.1.3 Perancangan dan Cara Kerja Tanki Septic ................................................................. 100
5.1.4 Penentuan Volume Tangki Septic .............................................................................. 100
5.1.5 Resapan .................................................................................................................... 102
5.1.6 Volume Resapan ....................................................................................................... 102
BAB VI Perencanaan Drainase Air Hujan Gedung ........................................................................ 105
6.1 Kriteria Perencanaan ........................................................................................................ 105
6.2 Perhitungan Drainase Air Hujan Gedung .......................................................................... 105
BAB VII PERENCANAAN FIRE HYDRANT ............................................................................ 107
7.1 Kriteria Perencanaan ........................................................................................................ 107
7.2 Desain Perencanaan ......................................................................................................... 107
7.3 Perhitungan Fire Hydrant ................................................................................................. 107
7.4 Perhitungan Jockey Pump ................................................................................................ 109
BAB VIII DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... 118

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Type Denah Bangunan .......................................................................................................3

Gambar 1.2 Type Denah Toilet ..............................................................................................................4
Gambar 1.3 Type Denah Dapur .............................................................................................................4
Gambar 2.1 Kloset Tipe Wash-Out ........................................................................................................7
Gambar 2.2 Kloset Tipe Wash-Down ....................................................................................... 7
Gambar 2.3 Kloset Tipe Siphon.............................................................................................................7
Gambar 2.4 Kloset Tipe Siphon-Jet .......................................................................................................8
Gambar 2.5 Urinal .................................................................................................................. 8
Gambar 2.6 Lavatory ............................................................................................................... 9
Gambar 2.7 Sink ...................................................................................................................... 9
Gambar 2.8 Bak Mandi ............................................................................................................ 10
Gambar 2.9 Pancuran Mandi (Shower) ..................................................................................... 10
Gambar 2.10 Sistem Sambungan langsung ............................................................................... 14
Gambar 2.11 Sistem Tangki Atap ..........................................................................................................15
Gambar 2.12 Sistem Tangki Tekan ........................................................................................................16
Gambar 2.13 Sistem Tangki Tekan ........................................................................................................16
Gambar 2.14 Hubungan antara unit beban alat plambing dengan laju aliran ............................ 24
Gambar 2.15 sistem perpipaan ..............................................................................................................24
Gambar 2.16 Sistem Pembuangan Pada Alat Plumbing ............................................................ 32
Gambar 2.17 Ilustrasi Tabel 11 untuk catatan 4 penggunaan kloset pada pipa 3 inci ...............................33
Gambar 2.18 Ilustrasi Tabel 11 untuk catatan 4 penggunaan kloset pada pipa 3 inci ..............................34
Gambar 2.19 Ilustrasi Tabel 11 untuk catatan 4 penggunaan kloset pada pipa 3 inci ..............................34
Gambar 2.20 Lubang Pembersih .............................................................................................. 35
Gambar 2.21 Floor drain ......................................................................................................... 36
Gambar 2.22 Air limbah di bawah roil ..................................................................................... 36
Gambar 2.23 Sistem ejektor saluran air limbah ........................................................................ 37
Gambar 2.24 Ven Bersama ....................................................................................................... 39
Gambar 2.25 Ven Basah ........................................................................................................... 40
Gambar 2.26 Ven Belakang ...................................................................................................... 40
Gambar 2.27 Ven Cabang ......................................................................................................... 40

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Gambar 2.28 Ven Lup .............................................................................................................. 41
Gambar 2.29 Ven Lup ............................................................................................................. 41
Gambar 2.30 Ven Pelepas ......................................................................................................... 41
Gambar 2.31 Ven Penghubung ................................................................................................. 42
Gambar 2.32 Ven Pipa Tegak ................................................................................................... 42
Gambar 2.33 Ven Sikrit ............................................................................................................ 43
Gambar 2.34 Ven Sisi ............................................................................................................... 43
Gambar 2.35 Pipa tegak ven dan ven pipa tegak ....................................................................... 43
Gambar 2.36 Penyambungan pada bagian dasar ....................................................................... 44
Gambar 2.37 Penyambungan pada lantai teratas ....................................................................... 44
Gambar 2.38 Sudut ofset dan sambungannya............................................................................ 45
Gambar 2.39 Air Baffled Reactor ............................................................................................. 52
Gambar 2.40 Sistem drainase bangunan Gedung ...................................................................... 53
Gambar 2.41 Tipe Buangan Air Hujan...................................................................................... 54
Gambar 2.42 Peralatan Pemadam Kebakaran ........................................................................... 59
Gambar 5.1 Sketsa Septictank ................................................................................................ 100
Gambar 5.2 – Sumur Resapan ................................................................................................ 103

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Tekanan Minimum yang Diperlukan Alat Plambing ................................................. 17

Tabel 2.2 Pemakaian Air Rata-Rata Per Orang Setiap Hari ....................................................... 20
Tabel 2.3 Faktor Pemakaian (%) dan Jumlah Alat plambing ..................................................... 21
Tabel 2.4 Pemakaian Air Tiap Alat Plambing, Laju Alirannya, Ukuran Pipa Cabang Pipa Air ... 23
Tabel 2.5 Unit Alat Plambing Untuk Penyediaan Air Dingin .................................................... 26
Tabel 2.6 Tabel Ekivalen Untuk Pipa PVC Keras ..................................................................... 30
Tabel 2.7 Faktor Kecepatan Untuk Berbagai Jenis Pipa ............................................................ 38
Tabel 2.8 Kemiringan Untuk Pipa Buangan Arah Mendatar...................................................... 45
Tabel 2.9 Ukuran Pipa Tegak Ven dan Ven Cabang................................................................... 46
Tabel 2.10 sizes and lengths of vents ....................................................................................... 48
Tabel 2.11 Fixture Units For Various Xixtures .......................................................................... 49
Tabel 2.12 Capacities Of Branches, Stacks, And Building Drains ............................................. 50
Tabel 2.13 Capacities Of Horizontal Branches and Primary Branches of the............................. 50
Tabel 2.14 Siez of horizontal strom drains for various drainase areas ....................................... 51
Tabel 2.15 Diameter Talang Horizontal Bentuk Roof Drain ...................................................... 55
Tabel 2.16 Diameter Talang Horizontal Semi Circular Gutter .................................................. 55
Tabel 2.17 Diameter Talang...................................................................................................... 56
Tabel 2.18 Reaksi tubuh manusia akibat kekurangan oksigen .................................................. 58
Tabel 2.19 Perletakkan Hydrant Berdasarkan Luas Lantai Klasifikasi Bangunan ...................... 62
Tabel 2.20 Klasifikasi Bangunan menurut Tinggi dan Jumlah Lantai ........................................ 62
Tabel 2.21 Tipe – Tipe APAR .................................................................................................. 63
Tabel 3.1 Jumlah Alat Sanitasi ................................................................................................. 64
Tabel 4.1 Alat plambing, pemakaian air sekali dan jangka waktu pemakaian ........................... 67
Tabel 4.2 Alat plambing, pemakaian air sekali dan jangka waktu pemakaian ........................... 68
Tabel 4.3 Perhitungan Qh, faktor pemakaian dan Q efektif untuk metode jumlah dan jenis alat
plambing .................................................................................................................................. 68
Tabel 4.4 Perhitungan Alat Plambing ( UAP ) .......................................................................... 70
Tabel 4.5 Perhitungan Air Bersih .............................................................................................. 72

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Tabel 4.6 Perbandingan 3 Metode Perhitungan Kebutuhan Air Bersih ...................................... 74
Tabel 5.1 Perhitungan Ukuran Pipa Ven Pembuangan............................................................... 98
Tabel 5.2 Perhitungan untuk menentukan ukuran pipa pembuangan ......................................... 98

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