JANUARY 2012
The Mooligai Thottam project evaluation was carried out between 18 & 24th January 2012 by
Diana Lee in Tamil Nadu on behalf of Tamwed.
Introduction
Mooligai Thottam (herb garden in Tamil) was conceived following work done for a
dissertation that evaluated the results of a Kitchen Herb Garden system designed to
reconnect people with traditional forms of medicine.
“The aim of the project is to enable local people in Tamil Nadu State in South India to reconnect
with traditional methods of healthcare through education and the creation of family Kitchen Herb
Gardens. It will relate to other forms of medicine and healthcare to enable the treatment of
everyday ailments that do not require advanced medical intervention.”
In the long term, the aim is for the programme to be financially self-sufficient as herb production
and processing from the gardens is developed.
This was supported by extensive needs research on a range of health and other issues has
been conducted in the beneficiary areas. Liaison has taken place with Tamwed’s partners
and specialist NGOs in India. Research has established the lack of basic health care in the
beneficiary areas; the remoteness of communities from health facilities; the high incidence of
treatable diseases and injuries; and a decreasing knowledge about traditional medicines.
The current government medical system (allopathic) is only able to offer primary health care to
30% of India’s rural population. Evaluations of the Kitchen Herb Garden systems have shown
that up to 85% of participants are from the more deprived communities and so these projects
actively play a role in poverty reduction. For example, medical expenses can be reduced by up
to five times when using herbal medicines grown and harvested locally.
Project Partners
Tamwed, based in the UK
CRUSADE, based in Tamil Nadu
Foundation for the Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), based in Bangalore.
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Evaluation against targets
1. Project Manager: Over the course of the project, three Project Managers have been
in place. The first two left for unavoidable reasons. The current Manager appears to
be settled with CRUSADE although without further funding this may not be possible.
2. Demonstration gardens: Two sites were identified as potential demonstration
gardens. The one at Thinaipakkam is already an established herb garden (although
in need of a little care and maintenance) and also commemorates Gill Gorbutt,
Tamwed’s late chair. The second at the Puduppakkam Technology Centre is also the
site of the herb nursery. Both gardens are lacking in signage, which is needed in
order to be a demonstration garden. This is also important for any-one wanting to
collect plants for medicinal use. Signs should be in both Tamil and Latin to ensure
correct plant use. The nursery has provided plants for the gardens with the exception
of Aloe vera, which did not grow so plants were bought in.
3. Trainers: These were mostly recruited from the current staff – health workers. Some
Cluster Co-ordinators also participated. Volunteers have also joined the programme.
4. Exposure visit: the group with gardeners attended a training session at the FRLHT
headquarters in Bangalore and visited the LEAD project in Perambalur. Some staff
have also visited Auroville’s herb garden project.
5. FRLHT training: participants have been trained in the following methods of
assessment – baseline survey (see appendix 1) and Participatory Rural Appraisal
through Rapid Assessment of Local Health Traditions. These were carried out
successfully, identifying 14 herbs and prioritising 20 diseases (see appendix 2 & 3)
6. Open day: a successful open day was held.
7. Training of Trainers (TOT): A total of 6 training sessions were delivered by FRLHT
to the participants. Each covered a range of home treatments for the prioritised
diseases using the identified herbs.
8. Demonstration home herbal gardens: Each of the trainers has established their
own garden that they can use to share information and knowledge. This was initially
delayed due to the weather.
9. Home herbal gardens: Each of the trainers were expected to recruit and train a
further 10 women to reach our target of 220 gardens. By January 2012, the total
gardens was in excess of 400 as most women were training 20 women. No men
have been trained as this has been conducted primarily through Women’s Self Help
Groups. However, some men have shown considerable interest and have worked
with their wives in the development of the gardens.
10. Village level training: each new gardener has received a total of 6 training sessions
covering the identification, cultivation and safe use of each plant. The training was
delivered by those taught by FRLHT.
11. Monitoring points: Jothi Ramalingam, Secretary of CRUSADE, in conjunction with
the Project Manager has provided regular monitoring reports, often with photographs.
A colour leaflet has also been produced to advertise the project.
Identification of plants.
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Budget
Herbs have been sold to the beneficiaries on the suggestion of Hariramamurthi, the assistant
director and trainer from FRLHT. This has the benefit of recouping a small amount of the
cost and also encourages the gardeners to take good care of their plants. They have been
sold at Rs10 un-potted and Rs20 potted (Rs70 to £1). The majority have been un-potted.
Most of the budget lines have kept within the planned budget. Additional expenditure has
been authorised which included re-advertising of the Project Manager post, additional salary
costs, additional garden materials, and orientation training.
A full end of project budget is expected in April.
There have been staffing problems with the project. Initially it took some time to obtain a
suitably qualified Project Manager. The salary had to be increased to gain interest.
According to Jothi, this is an increasing problem generally. For unavoidable reasons, both
the first and second Project Manager left. Therefore additional money was spent on both
salary and also advertising. The current Manager is working well and Jothi would like to be
able to keep him on. Obviously Sami is aware that his work with Mooligai Thottam comes to
an end in April.
Jothi has overseen the budget and this has generally been within the original agreement.
Additional expenditure was authorised for staffing and essential garden materials.
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A major observation was the low level of fruit consumption by villagers. Even those with fruit
trees would either sell all their crop or let it drop and rot rather than use it.
Dr Priya offers some dietary advice within her consultations but says that this is a cultural
problem and difficult to change. Additionally, most people are eating white rice, which has
most of the nutrients and fibre removed. Again this would be difficult to change as brown
(unrefined) rice is seen as poor people’s food. Many people receive free rice from the
government. This rice is generally of very low quality, which is nutritionally poor but has
become an important part of the diet further increasing diet related problems.
16 gardens in nine villages were visited and a summary of interviews are in Appendix 4.
Training
sessions,
making a
range of
remedies
using herbs
from local
gardens.
Conclusion
The project has exceeded its original target of 220 households creating home herbal
gardens. This also means that the number of people trained in the safe use of herbs for
primary health care has also reached approximately 400 in January 2012. With the
assumption that the majority of households contain at least 4 people and that several of
those interviewed stated that they were already sharing their knowledge with neighbours and
friends the number of beneficiaries is likely to be much greater than 1,200. The feedback
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from those participating has also suggested that they are expecting financial as well as
health benefits from their training. Participants are able to assess their health care needs
through training from the health workers and herbal trainers to determine if a visit to the
doctors is necessary. Use of the herbs in preference to allopathic treatment can save a
considerable sum of money – up to Rs 300 per visit, which can be 3 day’s wages. By
learning how to use the herbs medicinally, participants have been able to incorporate them
into their daily diet in order to prevent illnesses and treat them in the early stages.
Within the current work practice it would seem logical to continue the expansion of the home
herbal programme by offering additional training sessions. Plants should continue to be sold
in order to cover some of the costs.
As there seems to be a lack of dietary understanding and use of locally grown fruit in the
villages it would be prudent to build this into the health worker programme delivery, along
with the encouragement of growing fruit and vegetables where possible.
The current MT Project Manager is very enthusiastic and keen to continue and expand the
work to incorporate the growing of organic produce.
I would suggest that if possible Tamwed should consider funding Narayanasami for a further
year to ensure that the home herbal garden’s are integrated into the health worker
programme. As a major part of his work however, he should develop the growing side so
that his post becomes sustainable. This will require seeking sales outlets and developing
new income streams – perhaps the growing and selling of organic vegetables, vermiculture
etc. His current wage is Rs7000 (the original budget was for Rs5000). At Rs70 to the £ this
equates to about £100 per month. There should be no additional expense as all the training
and materials etc are paid for. Any material input should be met through the sales of plants.
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APPENDIX 1
2. Own house:
20 households lived in rented houses. 475 of 495 (96%) had their own house
3. Own land:
139 households (28%) owned land for cultivation. 72% did not own land.
4. Own livestock:
187 (38%) have livestock
5. Access to electricity:
493 out of 495 have access to electricity
6. Access to drinking water:
27% of households are dependent on public tap for drinking water. 72% had a
tap in their own house
7. Access to toilet:
169 (34%) have access to a toilet at their own home
8. Cooking fuel used:
66.7% of households use LPG ; rest use mainly firewood and kerosene
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take prolonged medication (tablets) in conditions like diabetes”; “home remedies
are not available”.
APPENDIX 2
PRIORITISED DISEASES
From an initial free listing of locally occurring diseases the following were ranked and then
prioritised:
1. Leucorrhoea 11. Tooth ache
2. Common fever 12. Acidity
3. Common cold, cough 13. Digestive disorders
4. Menstrual disorders 14. Cracked soles
5. Jaundice 15. General body pain
6. Diarrhoea 16. Tonia ???
7. Anaemia 17. Insect bite
8. Knee joint pain 18. Constipation
9. Piles 19. Allergy
10. Ear ache 20. Conjunctivitis
APPENDIX 3
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APPENDIX 4
Budhoor Malliga Beneficiary A garden full of potted herbs. She had a number prior to the training. Training will increase her
knowledge so that plants can be used daily. She sees a connection between food and medicine.
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APPENDIX 5
Govindaswamy Hariramamurthi
CRUSADE’s organisation:
Is a very capable grassroots organisation with a good team of committed leaders and
staff. Their unique strength is their community base supported by self-motivated
women community health workers.
Tamwed support:
Is very a timely input for such pilot project intervention. Tamwed Team’s moral
support too was a great input for the replication of the project model.
FRLHT involvement:
Our team’s involvement with the project has been quite rewarding in terms of our
learning with both the healers and women health workers of Crusade. We will
continue to work with CRUSADE in replicating the Mooligai Thottam (Herbal Garden)
model to reach out to other target beneficiaries in the Project Area.
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