DAMODARAM SANJIVAYYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

VISAKHAPATNAM, A.P., INDIA

INDO-RUSSIA RELATIONS

POLITICAL SCIENCE

PROF. T.Y. NIRMALA DEVI

RISHI BADRAJ

2018-073

2ND SEMESTER

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 ACKNOWLEGEMENT

I, Rishi, student of 2nd semester would like to express special thanks of gratitude to political
science prof .T.Y. Nirmala Devi ma’am who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the topic Indo-Russia relations, which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and i
came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to them.

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 POLITICAL SCIENCE- ABSTRACT
INDO-RUSSIAN RELATIONSHIP

Indo-Russian relations refer to the bilateral relations between the Republic of India and
the Russian Federation. During the Cold War, India and the Soviet Union (USSR) enjoyed a
strong strategic, military, economic and diplomatic relationship. After the collapse of the USSR,
Russia inherited the close relationship with India, even as India improved its relations with the
West after the end of the Cold War.

Traditionally, the Indo-Russian strategic partnership has been built on five major components:

1) politics

2) defence

3) civil nuclear energy

4) anti-terrorism co-operation

5) space.

Also, Both countries are members of many international bodies where they jointly collaborate
closely on matters of shared national interest. Important examples include
the UN, BRICS, G20 and SCO.

India is the second largest market for the Russian defence industry. In 2017, approximately 68%
of the Indian Military's hardware import came from Russia, making Russia the chief supplier of
defence equipment.

According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 45% of Russians view India positively, with only
9% expressing a negative view.

So my research will be based on these points and what were the relations between both the
countries since independence.

Rishi

Sem 2(2018073)

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 Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………5

HISTORY………………………………………………………………………… 7

INDIA AND RUSSIA …………………………………………………………… 8

POLITICAL RELATION ………………………………………………………...10

IRIGC ………………………………………………………………………….....11

MILITARY RELATIONSHIP …………………………………………………...12

JOINT MILITARY EXERCISES ………………………………………………..14

ECONOMIC RELATIONS ………………………………………………………15

FREE TRADE AGREEMENT …………………………………………………..17

SPACE COOPERATION ………………………………………………………..18

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ……………………………………………….18

TERRORISM …………………………………………………………………….19

CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………..20

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 RESEARCH QUESTION

What are the current and historical aspects of Indo-Russian relations ?

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Doctrinal

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

WIDE

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 INTRODUCTION

Indo-Russian relations refer to the bilateral relations between the Republic of India and
the Russian Federation. During the Cold War, India and the Soviet Union (USSR) had a
strong strategic, military, economic and diplomatic relationship. After the collapse of the
USSR, Russia inherited the close relationship with India, while India improved its
relations with the West.

Traditionally, the Indo-Russian strategic partnership has been built on five major
components:

 politics

 defence

 civil nuclear energy

 anti-terrorism co-operation and

 space.

These five major components were highlighted in a speech given by former Indian
Foreign Secretary Ranjan Mathai in Russia.1 However, in recent years a sixth component,
economics, has grown in importance with both countries setting a target for US$30
billion in bilateral trade by 2025. In order to facilitate this target both countries are
looking to develop a free trade agreement. Bilateral trade between both countries in 2012
grew by over 24%.

The powerful IRIGC is the main body that conducts affairs at the governmental level
between both countries. Both countries are members of many international bodies where
they jointly collaborate closely on matters of shared national interest. Important examples
include the UN, BRICS, G20 and SCO.] Russia has stated publicly that it supports India
receiving a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council. In addition, Russia

1
Top Indian diplomat explains Russia's importance to India: Russia & India Report,
http://indrus.in/articles/2012/11/28/top_indian_diplomat_explains_russias_importance_to_india_19391.html

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 has expressed interest in joining SAARC with observer status in which India is a
founding member.

India is the second largest market for the Russian defence industry. In 2017,
approximately 68% of the Indian Military's hardware import came from Russia, making
Russia the chief supplier of defence equipment. India has an embassy in Moscow and two
consulates-general (in Saint Petersburg and Vladivostok). Russia has an embassy in New
Delhi and four consulates-general (in Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Mumbai).

According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 45% of Russians view India positively,
with only 9% expressing a negative view.2

India Russia relations have remained an vital aspect of India’s foreign policy.

India’s relations with USSR had been multi-faceted protecting numerous spheres, as both

international locations have comparable safety, political, and economic pastimes. first of
all, Indo-Soviet

relations were cold. despite the fact that Pt. Nehru expressed appreciation for the USSR

quick financial improvement, however nonetheless India was regarded a “tool of Anglo-
American

imperialism”. After the demise of Stalin in 1953, the Soviet Union started out showing

interest in India and voiced its optimism for “friendly cooperation”. This changed into
driven

with the aid of the Soviet preference to make bigger contacts in worldwide area. USSR
wanted to

promote relations with the “non-aligned” and newly initiated nations of Afro-

Asian region. In June 1955, Nehru visited the Soviet Union, and this was the primary visit

of that USSR the Indian prime-minister. In November and December 1955

2
2014, World Service Poll BBC

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respectively, Russian top-rated Nikolai Bulganin and trendy Secretary Nikita

Khrushchev paid return visits to India. these Soviet leaders supported various factors

our foreign coverage, including Panch Sheel. additionally they encouraged India’s
function on

Jammu and Kashmir

The Soviet Union supplied India more recent avenues of change and financial assistance.
The

USSR helped India in construction of industries to fabricate heavy device

& equipment, steel flora, strength plants, vegetation to supply precision instruments &

gadget tools, Petroleum extraction and refining facilities. on this manner USSR

contributed closely in India’s manufacturing improvement. Soviet aid was provided

through “long time authorities to authorities applications”. below those programmes

non-stop training became given to Indian technicians, raw material for various

approaches changed into provided, use of Indian inputs and Indian markets for completed
products.

As India had a lack of convertible forex, Indo-Soviet exchange turned into made

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in “non-convertible country wide currencies”. Indian taking of Soviet army

system became made under Rupee-Rouble machinery. arrangements were made and

permits had been issued, so that the equipments can be synthesized or in India

concurrently. similarly there was no limit for deployment of those equipment or

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 overseas coverage to be observed with the aid of India in the direction of other nations or
to stick to Soviet

coverage; and our countrywide autonomy was never compromised.

The “Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation” signed in

1971 become a defining moment in Indio-Russia relation. It marked a excessive point of

our

bilateral relations. The treaty safeguarded India’s “security, sovereignty and

territorial integrity”, and made China to stop from getting involved in 1971Indo-

Pak conflict in support of Pakistan. The treaty was so critical for each nations, that during

1993, it become similarly prolonged after deleting safety clauses.

The Soviet authorities in no way pressurized India to modify its political gadget or the

socio-monetary gadget, even though they'd party to party relations with

Indian leftist companies. In various international forums, the two nations had comparable

views in maximum of the issues. however nevertheless, “India retained its independence
of movement and

judgment on global problems and therefore remained genuine to its non-aligned

reputation”.

CONCLUSION

Currently speaking India has very strong relations with Russia, as we can talk about any sector
whether it is military, economic , energy whatsoever it is they are sharing a strong friendship in
each sector. India and Russia are taking part in joint military exercises , Russia is also building a
nuclear energy unit in India. India and Russia are historical friends, Russia had always helped
India in its bad days whether it is in the indo-pakistan war or in the prosperity of economy. It can
also be seen that the India buys almost more than 50% of its weapons from the Russia. In the

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recent times there were rumours that india and Russia are not friends anymore because of
increasing influence of USA over India. But all of these claims were set aside by the Russian
president Vladimir Putin, by saying that India was and will be our friend. So currently India and
Russia are having a very good friendship in the field of economy, military, counter-terrorism,
science etc.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) THE HINDU
2) CNN
3) KUDANKULAM AND MORE
4) RUSSIA AND INDIA REPORT – 8 NOV 2013
5) INDIA AND RUSSIA RELATIONS: EMBASSY OF MOSCOW

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