ARCHES

TYPES OF ARCHES

S.NO CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SUB-CLASSIFICATION

1. No. of arches  Simple

 Multiple
2. Materials  Brick or stone masonry
 RCC arches
 Steel arches
 Timber arches
3. Structural Behavior  Fixed arch (Statically indeterminate)
 Two hinged arch (Statically indeterminate)
 Three hinged arch (Statically determinate)

FIXED ARCH
 TWO HINGED ARCH

Support reactions and Bending Moment for TWO HINGED ARCH:

TWO HINGED ARCH ROOF:

THREE HINGED ARCH
Example: for point load and UDL in 3 hinged arch
 Three hinged arch formulae

Notation

 FBD = free body diagram

 BMD = bending moment diagram
 A, B & C = points of interest on arch
 f = height of arch from supports, in or mm
 H = horizontal reaction load at bearing point, lbf or N
 L = span length under consideration, in or mm
 M = maximum bending moment, lbf.in or Nmm
 R = vertical reaction load at bearing point, lbf or N
 w = load per unit length, lbf/in or N/mm
 x = horizontal distance from reaction point, in or mm
 y = vertical distance from reaction point, in or mm

1) Three Hinge Arch - Any Shape - UDL

2) Three Hinge Arch - Any Shape - Half UDL

3) Three Hinge Arch - Any Shape - Side UDL

4) Three Hinge Arch - Any Shape - PL at Any Point

5) Three Hinge Arch - Any Shape - UIL Away from Centre

6) Three Hinge Arch - Any Shape - Half UIL

7) Three Hinge Arch - Any Shape - Side UIL
8) Three Hinge Arch - Any Shape - Central BMs
 Two hinged arch and formulae

Notation

 FBD = free body diagram

 BMD = bending moment diagram
 A, B & C = points of interest on arch
 f = height of arch from supports, in or mm
 H = horizontal reaction load at bearing point, lbf or N
 L = span length under consideration, in or mm
 M = maximum bending moment, lbf.in or Nmm
 R = vertical reaction load at bearing point, lbf or N
 w = load per unit length, lbf/in or N/mm\

1. Two Hinge Arch - Parabolic – UDL


2. Two Hinge Arch - Parabolic - Half UDL

3. Two Hinge Arch - Parabolic - Side UDL

4. Two Hinge Arch - Parabolic - PL at Any Point

5. Two Hinge Arch - Parabolic - Half UIL

6. Two Hinge Arch - Parabolic - Side UIL

7. Two Hinge Arch - Parabolic - Support Moved

 FIXED ARCH AND FORMULAE
Notation

 FBD = free body diagram

 BMD = bending moment diagram
 A, B & C = points of interest on arch
 f = height of arch from supports, in or mm
 H = horizontal reaction load at bearing point, lbf or N
 L = span length under consideration, in or mm
 M = maximum bending moment, lbf.in or Nmm
 R = vertical reaction load at bearing point, lbf or N
 w = load per unit length, lbf/in or N/mm

1) Fixed Arch - Parabolic - UDL

2) Fixed Arch - Parabolic - Half UDL

3) Fixed Arch - Parabolic - Side UDL

4) Fixed Arch - Parabolic - PL at Any Point

5) Fixed Arch - Parabolic - Central PL

6) Fixed Arch - Parabolic - UIL

7) Fixed Arch - Parabolic - Support Moved

 TIED PARABOLIC ARCH - TWO HINGE
Notation

 FBD = free body diagram

 BMD = bending moment diagram
 A, B & C = points of interest on arch
 AT = cross-sectional area of arch tie, in2 or mm2
 E = modulus of elasticity, psi or MPa
 ET = modulus of elasticity of arch tie, psi or MPa
 f = height of arch from supports, in or mm
 H = horizontal reaction load at bearing point, lbf or N
 I = second moment of area, in4 or mm4
 L = span length under consideration, in or mm
 M = maximum bending moment, lbf.in or Nmm
 NT = maximum tension load in arch tie, lbf.in or Nmm
 R = vertical reaction load at bearing point, lbf or N
 w = load per unit length, lbf/in or N/mm

1) Two Hinge Tied Arch - Parabolic - UDL

2) Two Hinge Tied Arch - Parabolic - Half UDL

3) Two Hinge Tied Arch - Parabolic - Side UDL

4) Two Hinge Tied Arch - Parabolic - PL at Any Point

5) Two Hinge Tied Arch - Parabolic - Side UIL

6) Two Hinge Tied Arch - Parabolic - Half UIL