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Vision
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Reference:
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Objectives
• Discuss the impact of information technology on business
• Define an information system and explain its components
• Use profiles and models to understand business functions
and operations
• Understand the impact of the Internet on business
• Identify various types of information systems and explain
who uses them
• Explain systems development tools, including modeling,
prototyping, and CASE tools
• Distinguish between structured analysis and object-oriented
methodology
• Describe the systems development life cycle
• Discuss the role of the information technology department
and the systems analysts who work there
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System
• is a regularly interacting or interdependent
group of items or parts forming a unified whole.
•Organization
•Interaction
•Interdependence
•Integration
•Central Objective
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• Organization-It implies structure and order.
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The Impact of Information Technology:
How has technology changed the way
we conduct business?
• Businesses have been at the forefront of
technology for ages. Whatever can speed
production will draw in more business.
• As computers emerged in the 20th century,
they promised a new age of information
technology. But in order to reap the benefits,
businesses needed to adapt and change their
infrastructure.
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• Information Technology (IT) - refers to the combination
of hardware and software products and services that
people use to manage, access, communicate, and share
information.
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Information System
Terminologies
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Five (5) Key Components of
Information Systems
1. Hardware
• Everything in the physical layer of the information
system.
• Can include servers, workstations (Desktop
Computer), networks, telecommunication equipment,
fiber-optic cables, handheld computers, scanners,
digital capture devices and other tangible technology-
based infrastructure.
2. Software
• Programs that control the hardware and produce
information.
• System software – manages the hardware
components, which can include a single workstation
or a global network with many thousands of clients.
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Five (5) Key Components of
Information Systems
Software (cont.)
• Application Software – consists of programs that
support day-to-day business functions and provide
users with the information they require.
e.g. Payroll system, inventory system etc.
• Horizontal System – is a system that can be adapted
for use in many different types of companies.
Vertical System – designed to meet the unique
requirements of a specific business or industry.
e.g. Web-based retailer, Video Chain Rental system
• Legacy System – older versions of information
systems in a company.
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Five (5) Key Components of
Information Systems
3. Data
• The raw material
that an information
system transforms
into useful
information
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Five (5) Key Components of Information
Systems
4. Processes (procedures)
• Describe the tasks and
business functions that users,
managers, and IT staff
members perform to achieve
specific results.
5. People
• Users, or end users, are the
people who interact with an
information system, both inside
and outside the company.
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Five (5) Key Components of Information
Systems
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Information—A Key Resource
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Systems Analysts Recommend, Design, and
Maintain Many Types of Systems for Users
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Action Plan
1-23
Example:
Action Plan
1. (Goal #1) 1.1 (first 1.1.1 (first (who’s going to (when the
strategy to objective to accomplish that implementer is
reach Goal #1) reach while objective) going to be
implementing accomplish that
Strategy #1.1) objective)
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TYPES OF ACTION PLANNING:
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Knowledge Level
• Office Automation System (OAS)
• Supports data workers who share information, but do
not usually create new knowledge
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Higher Level
1-30
A systems analyst may
be involved with any or
Strategic
Level
all of these systems at
each organization level.
Higher
Level
Knowledge
Level
Operational
Level
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Integrating New Technologies into
Traditional Systems
• Ecommerce and Web Systems
• Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
• Wireless and Mobile Systems
• Open Source Software
• Cloud Computing
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Ecommerce and Web Systems
Web information system, or web-based information
system, is an information system that uses Internet web
technologies to deliver information and services, to users
or other information systems/applications.
• Benefits
• Increasing user awareness of the availability of a
service, product, industry, person, or group
• The possibility of 24-hour access for users
• Improving the usefulness and usability of interface
design
• Creating a system that can extend globally rather
than remain local, thus reaching people in remote
locations without worry of the time zone in which
they are located
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Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP)
is business process management software that allows an
organization to use a system of integrated applications to
manage the business and automate many back office
functions related to technology, services and human
resources.
• Performs integration of many information systems existing on
different management levels and within different functions
• Example: SAP, Oracle
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Wireless and Mobile Systems
• A system analyst may be asked to design
standard or wireless and mobile
communication networks that integrate voice,
video, and email into organizational intranets
or industry extranets.
• A system analyst may also be asked to
develop intelligent agents.
Example: AI, bots(Robots)
• Wireless communication is the transfer of
information or power between two or more
points that are not connected by an electrical
conductor.
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Open Source Software
• An alternative of traditional software
development where proprietary code is hidden
from the users
• Open source software is free to distribute,
share, and modify.
Note: Characterized as a philosophy rather than
simply the process of creating new software
• Example: Linux Operating System, Apache
Web Server, Mozilla Firefox Web Browser
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Cloud Computing
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Systems Analysts Need to Be Aware that
Integrating Technologies Affects all Types
of Systems
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Need for Systems Analysis and
Design
• Installing a system without proper planning
leads to great user dissatisfaction and
frequently causes the system to fall into disuse.
• Lends structure to the analysis and design of
information systems
• A series of processes systematically
undertaken to improve a business through the
use of computerized information systems
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Next Meeting
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