Lampiran Spek Lengkap
Lampiran Spek Lengkap
SPESIFIKASI PERALATAN
1. TANGKI-01 ( T-01 )
Fungsi : Untuk menampung bahan baku fenol liquid
Tipe : Silinder vertikal dengan Ellipsoidal Head
Bahan Konstruksi : Stainless Steel 304 (SA-240)
Gambar :
a) Data-data :
Temperatur, T : 55 oC
Tekanan, P : 1 atm
Laju alir, Ws : 10.061,4376 kg/jam
Densitas, : 1.044,3046 kg/m3
Faktor keamanan,f : 10 %
Lama penyimpanan: 3 hari
Jumlah :1
b) Kapasitas Tangki, Vt
Laju alir massa
Vt = lama persediaan
ρ
134
135
10.061,4376 kg/jam
= 24 jam/hari 3 hari
1.044,3046 kg/m 3
Vt = 693,6898 m3
Kapasitas dalam satu tanki :
Vt '
Vt(1 tanki) =
n tanki '
693,6898 m 3
=
1
= 693,6898 m3
Volume tangki,Vt = (1 + faktor keamanan) x Vt
= (100% + 10%) x 693,6898 m3
= 763,0588 m3
c) Diameter Tangki, Dt
Diameter bagian tanki, Dt
=r H
2
Vt H = 3/2 D
2
D 3
= D
2 2
3
= Dt 3
8
8 Vt 1 / 3
Dt =( )
3
Dt = 8,6536 m
r = 4,3268 m
Volume Ellipsoidal bagian head, Ve
Ve = /24 x Dt3 (Peter, 1991)
Ve = 84,7843 m3
Jadi, Volume Silinder, Vs
Vt = Ve + Vs
Vs = Vt – Ve
Vs = (763,0588 - 84,7843 )
Vs = 678,2745 m3
136
d) Tinggi Tangki, Ht
Tinggi Tangki Total, Ht
3
H = 2Dt
H = 12,9805 m
Tinggi Ellipsoidal Head, h
1
h = 4Dt
h = 2,1634 m
Tinggi Tangki Total, Ht
Ht =H+h
= 12,9805 m + 2,1634 m
= 15,1439 m
e) Tebal Dinding Tangki Shell, t
t = P ri (Peter, 1991)
C
Keterangan: ( SE 0,6 P
P = Tekanan desain = 1 atm
r = Jari-jari vessel = 4,3268 m
S = Working stress allowable = 10.500 psi = 714,4801 atm
E = Joint efficiency = 0,85
(Peters and Timmerhaus, 4th Edition, Tabel 4, hal 538)
Berdasarkan buku Handbook of Corrosion Data 2nd Edition, ASM: Rate of
Corrosion untuk Stainless Steel 316 :
C = Korosi maksimum = 0,0032 m/th
Maka :
1 4,3268
t = 0,0032
(714,4801 0,85 0,6 1
= 0,0103 m
f) Outside diameter, OD
OD = Dt + 2t
= 8,6536 m+ 2 (0,0103) m
= 8,6743 m
137
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Tangki
Kode Alat T – 01
Jumlah 1 buah
Fungsi Untuk menampung bahan baku fenol
liquid
DATA DESAIN
Tipe Silinder Vertikal dengan Ellipsoidal Head
Tekanan desain 1 atm
Kapasitas 763,0588 m3
DATA MEKANIK
Diameter vessel 7,3175 m
Tebal dinding vessel 0,0101 m
Tinggi vessel 12,8057 m
Bahan konstruksi Stainless Steel SA-304
2. TANGKI-02 (T-02)
Fungsi : Untuk menampung bahan baku gas hidrogen
Tipe : Spherical Tank
Bahan Konstruksi : Stainless Steel 304 (SA-240)
Gambar :
a) Data-data :
Temperatur, T : 30 oC (303,15 K)
Tekanan, P : 10 atm (146,9594 psia)
Laju alir, Ws : 487,9407 kg/jam
138
487,9407 kg/jam
= 24 jam/hari 2 hari
5,86 kg/m 3
Vt’ = 3396,8173 m3
Volume tangki,Vt = (1 + faktor keamanan) x Vt
= (100% + 15%) x 3996,8173 m3
= 4596,3398 m3
Kapasitas dalam satu tangki :
Vt '
Vt(1 tanki) =
n tanki '
4596,3398 m 3
=
2
= 2298,1699 m3
c) Diameter Tangki, Dt
Diameter bagian tanki, Dt
Vtbola =
r3 =
4596,3398 𝑚3 1/3
r =( 4 )
( )𝑥 3,14
3
r = 8,1879 m
D = 16,3758 m
139
d) Tebal dinding, t
Direncanakan tebal silinder tangki menggunakan bahan konstruksi stainless
steel 304 (SA-240), sebagai berikut :
Rumus untuk silinder :
P r
t = CC …………....(Peters, Tabel 4, hal. 537, 538, 542)
S Ej - 0,2 P
Keterangan :
t = tebal dinding, m
P = tekanan desain,atm = 10 atm = 146,9594 psi
r = jari-jari, m = 10,3161 m =406,1450 inch
S = tekanan kerja yang diizinkan, psi = 10.500 psi = 932,230 atm
Ej = efisiensi pengelasan = 0,85 (spot examined)
Cc = korosi yang diizinkan, in = 0,0788 in (Tabel 6, Peter)
Tebal Dinding Tanki, t
P r
t = CC
2S Ej - 0,2 P
146,9594 psia x322,3575in
= 0,0039in
(2 x10.500 psix 0,85) (0,2 x146,9594 psia )
= 2,7372 inch = 0,0695 m
e) Outside Diameter
OD = ID + 2t
= 16,3758 m + 2 (0,0695) m
= 16,5148 m
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Tangki Hidrogen
Kode Alat T – 02
Jumlah 2 buah
Fungsi Untuk menampung bahan baku Hidrogen
140
DATA DESAIN
Tipe Spherical Tank
Tekanan desain 10 atm
Kapasitas 2998,1699 m3
DATA MEKANIK
Diameter vessel 16,3758 m
Tebal dinding vessel 0,00695 m
Bahan konstruksi Stainless Steel 304 (SA-240)
3. TANGKI-03 (T-03)
Fungsi : Untuk menampung Produk Sikloheksanon
Tipe : Silinder vertikal dengan Ellipsoidal Head
Bahan Konstruksi : Stainless Steel 304 (SA-240)
Gambar :
a) Data-data :
Temperatur, T : 30,0 OC
Tekanan, P : 1 atm
Laju alir, Ws : 10.419,5722 kg/jam
Densitas, : 938,3427 kg/m3
Faktor keamanan,f : 10 %
Lama penyimpanan: 2 hari
Jumlah :1
b) Kapasitas Tangki, Vt
Laju alir massa
Vt = lama persediaan
ρ
141
10.419,5722 kg/jam
= 24 jam/hari 2 hari
938,3427 kg/m3
Vt = 533,0030 m3
Kapasitas dalam satu tanki :
Vt '
Vt(1 tanki) =
n tanki '
533,0030 m3
=
1
= 533,0030 m3
Volume tangki,Vt = (1 + faktor keamanan) x Vt
= (100% + 10%) x 533,0030 m3
= 586,3033 m3
c) Diameter Tangki, Dt
Diameter bagian tanki, Dt
=r H
2
Vt H = 3/2 D
2
D 3
= D
2 2
3
= Dt 3
8
Dt = 7,9260 m
r = 3,9630 m
Volume Ellipsoidal bagian head, Ve
Ve = /24 x Dt3 (Peter, 1991)
Ve = 65,1448 m3
d) Tinggi Tangki, Ht
Tinggi Tangki Total, Ht
3
H = 2Dt
H = 11,8890 m
Tinggi Ellipsoidal Head, h
1
h = 4Dt
h = 1,9815 m
Tinggi Tangki Total, Ht
Ht =H+h
= 11,8890 m + 1,9815 m
= 13,8705 m
e) Tebal Dinding Tangki Shell, t
t = P ri (Peter, 1991)
C
Keterangan: ( SE 0,6 P
P = Tekanan desain = 1 atm
r = Jari-jari vessel = 3,9630 m
S = Working stress allowable = 714,4801 atm (Walas, S. M., 1990)
E = Joint efficiency = 0,85
Berdasarkan buku Handbook of Corrosion Data 2nd Edition, ASM: Rate of
Corrosion untuk Stainless Steel 316 :
C = Korosi maksimum = 0,0032 m/th
Maka :
1 3,9630
t = 0,0032
(714,4801 0,85 0,6 1
= 0,0097 m
f) Outside diameter, OD
OD = Dt + 2t
= 7,9260 m+ 2 (0,0097) m
= 7,9454 m
143
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Tangki
Kode Alat T – 03
Jumlah 1 buah
Fungsi Untuk menampung Produk
Sikloheksanon
DATA DESAIN
Tipe Silinder Vertikal dengan Ellipsoidal Head
Tekanan desain 1 atm
Kapasitas 586,3033 m3
DATA MEKANIK
Diameter vessel 7,9260 M
Tebal dinding vessel 0,0097 M
Tinggi vessel 13,8705 M
Bahan konstruksi Stainless Steel 304 (SA-240)
4. TANGKI-04 (T-04)
Fungsi : Untuk menampung Produk Samping (Fenol)
Tipe : Silinder vertikal dengan Ellipsoidal Head
Bahan Konstruksi : Stainless Steel SA-240
Gambar :
a) Data-data :
Temperatur, T :
55 OC
Tekanan, P : 1 atm
Laju alir, Ws : 66,9948 kg/jam
144
66,9948 kg/jam
= 24 jam/hari 3 hari
1028,9164 kg/m 3
Vt = 4,6881 m3
Kapasitas dalam satu tanki :
Vt '
Vt(1 tanki) =
n tanki '
4,6881 m 3
=
1
= 4,6881 m3
Volume tangki,Vt = (1 + faktor keamanan) x Vt
= (100% + 10%) x 4,6881 m3
= 5,1569 m3
c) Diameter Tangki, Dt
Diameter bagian tanki, Dt
=r H
2
Vt H = 3/2 D
2
D 3
= D
2 2
3
= Dt 3
8
Dt = 1,6361 m
r = 0,8180 m
Volume Ellipsoidal bagian head, Ve
Ve = /24 x Dt3 (Peter, 1991)
Ve = 0,5730 m3
145
H = 2,4541 m
Tinggi Ellipsoidal Head, h
1
h = 4Dt
h = 0,4090 m
Tinggi Tangki Total, Ht
Ht =H+h
= 2,4541 m + 0,4090 m
= 2,8632 m
e) Tebal Dinding Tangki Shell, t
t = P ri (Peter, 1991)
C
( SE 0,6 P
Keterangan:
P = Tekanan desain = 1 atm
r = Jari-jari vessel = 0,8180 m
S = Working stress allowable = 714,4801 atm (Walas, S. M., 1990)
E = Joint efficiency = 0,85
Berdasarkan buku Handbook of Corrosion Data 2nd Edition, ASM: Rate of
Corrosion untuk Stainless Steel 316 :
C = Korosi maksimum = 0,0032 m/th
Maka :
1 0,8180
t = 0,0032
(714,4801 0,85 0,6 1
= 0,0045 m
146
f) Outside diameter, OD
OD = Dt + 2t
= 1,6361+ 2 (0,0045) m
= 1,6451 m
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Tangki
Kode Alat T – 04
Jumlah 1 buah
Fungsi Untuk menampung Produk samping
(Fenol)
DATA DESAIN
Tipe Silinder Vertikal dengan Ellipsoidal Head
Tekanan desain 1 atm
Kapasitas 5,1569 m3
DATA MEKANIK
Diameter vessel 1,6361 M
Tebal dinding vessel 0,0045 M
Tinggi vessel 2,8632 M
Bahan konstruksi Stainless Steel SA-240
5. VAPORIZER-01 (VP-01)
Fungsi : Menguapkan bahan baku fenol liquid
Tipe : Shell and tube Heat Exchanger
Bahan : Carbon Steel
Gambar : Aliran inlet
Shell
Tube
Rear End
Head
Aliran outlet
Water in
147
Perhitungan:
1) Beban Panas VP-01
Q = 2040258,659 kj/hr = 1933820,405 Btu/hr
2) LMTD
Fluida Panas Fluida Dingin
Komponen Selisih
(oF) (oF)
392 Suhu tinggi 386,9 5,1
392 Suhu rendah 131 261
Selisih -255,9
T2 - T1
LMTD (ΔT) = (Pers. 5.14)
ln( T2 /T1 )
= 65,161 oF
3) Tc dan tc
Tc = ½ (392 + 392) = 392 oF
tc = ½ (146 + 82,4) = 258,928 oF
Q
A = = 252,360 ft2
(U D .T )
Karena A > 200 ft2, maka dipilih HE dengan jenis Shell and Tube Heat
Exchanger.
Rencana Klasifikasi
Tube side
Panjang tube (L) = 16 ft
Outside Diameter (OD) = 1 inch
BWG = 18
Pass = 1 pass pada 1,25-in triangular pitch
a” = 0.2618 ft2/lin ft (Tabel 10. Kern)
A
Jumlah tube, Nt =
L x a"
= 60,246
Dari tabel 9 Kern, didapat nilai yang mendekati Nt perhitungan
Nt = 66
- Koreksi UD
A = Nt x L x a''
= 276,461 ft2
Q
UD = A .Δt
UD = 109,539 (Nilai UD sudah mendekati UD asumsi)
karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati dengan nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk
shell :
- Shell side
ID = 13 ¼ inch (Tabel 9. Kern)
Baffle Space (B = ID/2) = 6,6250 inch
Pass (n) =2
Pt = 1,25-in triangular pitch
𝑁𝑡 𝑥 𝑎′𝑡
2) Total flow area (at) = (Pers.7.48, Kern)
144 𝑥 𝑛
= 0.1464 ft2
W
3) Laju alir, Gt =
at
= 15.845,314 lb/ hr. ft2
4) Kecepatan Linear (V) = Gt/3600
= 4,4014762 fps
5) Bilangan Reynold, Ret
Pada Tavg = 392 oF
μ = 0,0161 lb/ft jam
D = 0,902 inch = 0.0752 ft (Tabel.10,
Kern)
De .G a
Ret =
= 305.036,82
6) Dengan L/D = 212,860, diperoleh
jH = 200 (Fig.24, Kern)
7) Nilai hi, pada Tavg = 392 oF
Cp = 0,4633 Btu/lb. oF
k = 0.0195 Btu/ft. oF. jam
1
c. 3
Pr =
k
= 0,927
0 ,14
k Cp .
1/ 3
hi = jH
D k
w
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka didapat :
hi = 506,204 Btu / hr. ft2 oF
ID
hio = hi (Pers.6.5, Kern)
OD
= 456,596 Btu / hr. ft2 oF
150
as =
ID x C" x B
(Pers.7.1, Kern)
(144 Pt )
= 0,122 ft2
2) Laju alir massa dalam shell, Gs
W
Gs = (Pers.7.2, Kern)
as
= 181.938,461 lb/hr.ft2
3) Bilangan Reynold, Res = D x Gs / µ
Pada tavg = 258,9 oF
Cp = 0,538 Btu/lb.oF (Fig. 2 Kern)
k = 0,0430 Btu/lb.oF (Tabel 4 Kern)
μ = 0,04304944 Cp (Fig. 14 Kern)
= 0,104 lb/ft . jam
c.
= 1,092
k
De = 0.7200 inch = 0.0600 ft (Fig.28, Kern)
GS D
Res= =
= 104.783,498
jH = 300 (Fig.28, Kern)
4) Koefisien Perpindahan Panas, ho
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka diperoleh :
ho = jH . (k/D). (cμ/k)1/3 (Pers. 6.28, Kern)
= 234,996 Btu / jam ft2 oF
5) Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc
hio x ho
Uc = (Pers. 6.38, Kern)
hio ho
151
Tube Side
Untuk NRet = 30.503,682
Faktor friksi = 0,00025 (Fig 26, Kern)
s = 1
f Gt 2 L n
ΔPt =
5, 22 x 10 10 x De s f t
= 0,0003 psi
V2 / 2g = 0,001 (Fig 27, Kern)
ΔPr = (4n / s) (V2 / 2g)
= 0.008 psi
ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr
= 0.00825 psi
Shell Side
Faktor Friksi
Res = 104.783,498
f = 0.0008 (Fig.29, Kern)
Number of cross, (N + 1)
N+1 = 12 L / B (Pers.7.43, Kern)
= 2347,774
Ds = ID / 12
= 1,104 ft
152
s = 0,00345
fGs2 Ds ( N 1)
ΔPs = (Pers. 12.47,Kern)
5,22 1010 Desf s
= 0,942 psi
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Vaporizer-01
Jumlah 1 buah
Operasi Kontinyu
Fungsi Menguapkan bahan baku fenol liquid
DATA DESIGN
Tipe Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Bahan Konstruksi Carbon steel
Rd Calculated 0,005
UC 232,720
UD 109,539
Ho 234,996
Hio 456,596
ΔPs 0,942 psi
ΔPT 0.00825 psi
6. EXPANDER-01 (EXP-01)
Fungsi : Untuk menurunkan tekanan feed hidrogen dari Heater-01
Tipe : Turbin
Gambar :
Kondisi Operasi:
153
Temperatur masuk, T1 = 30 ºC
Tekanan masuk, P1 = 10 atm
Tekanan keluar, P2 = 1,497 atm
Laju alir masuk, W = 487,9407 kg/jam
= 221,3264 lb/jam
= 3,6888 lb/min
Densitas gas, ρ = 5,86 kg/m³
Faktor keamanan, f = 10 %
k = 1,1340
Menentukan laju alir volumetric, Q :
𝑊
Q = 𝜌
= 83,2670 m³/jam
= 49,0106 ft³/min
Safety factor 10% = (1+0,1)
= 1,1
Maka, Q = 53,9116 ft³/min
Temperatur yang keluar dari Expander-01:
Dimana:
T1 = temperatur masuk = 30 ºC
k = ratio spesifik heat = 1,1340
Sehingga:
(1,1340−1)
o 1,497 𝑎𝑡𝑚 1,1340
T2 = 30 C x ( ) = 23,9696 ºC
10 𝑎𝑡𝑚
Power 1 Hp
Bahan Konstruksi Carbon Steel (SA-285)
7. HEATER-01 (H-01)
Fungsi : Menurunkan temperature keluaran bottom KD-01
Tipe : Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Bahan : Carbon Steel
Gambar :
Gland
Return bend Gland
Gland
Tee
Return Head
(D 22 - D12 )
aa
4
= 0,1337 ft2
Diameter Equivalent, De
D 22 - D12
De
D1
= 0,5841 ft
b) Laju alir massa, Ga
Ga = W/aa
157
ho jH . . .f
De k
.D 2
ap
4
= 0,0513 ft2
b) Laju alir massa, Gp
Gp = W / ap
= 26.192,8748 lb/jam,ft2
c) Bilangan Reynold, Rep
Pada tc = 392 oF
= 0,0161cp = 0,0390 lb/ft,jam (hysis)
G p .D
Rep
158
= 171095,09
d) jH = 550 (Fig 24, Kern)
e) Pada tc = 392 oF
Cp = 0,4633 Btu/lb,oF (hysis)
k = 0,0195 lb/ft,jam (hysis)
(Cp /k)1/3 = 0,9752
Koefisien Perpindahan Panas, hi
f =1
Cp.
1/ 3
k
hi jH . . .f
De k
(Pers. 6.28, Kern)
= 40,9269 Btu/ jam ft2,oF
f) hio = hi (ID/OD)
hio = 35,8754 Btu/ jam ft2,oF
g) Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc
h io x h o
Uc =
h io + h o
= 166,7013 Btu/jam ft2,oF
h) Design Overall Coefficient, UD
1/UD = 1/Uc + Rd (Pers. 6,10 Kern)
RD = 0,0010
1/UD = 0,0070
UD = 142,8826 Btu/jam ft2,oF
i) Required Surface, A
Q
A
U d .T
= 106,270 ft2
j) Required Length, L
L = A/a’’
a’’ = 0,9170 ft2 (Tabel 11, Kern)
L = 115,8885 ft
159
= 0,0111 ft
(Fa FL ).
P (hal. 114 Kern)
144
= 0,0019 psi
b) Inner Pipe : Fluida Panas
Rep = 171095
f = 0,0035 + (0,264 / Rep0,42) (Pers.3.47b,Kern)
= 0,0052
= 0,2876 lb/ft3 (hysis)
4 . f . G 2p L
Fp 2.g. 2 .D
= 9,2611 ft
P = (Fp,)/144
= 0,0185 psi
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Heater-01
Jumlah 1 buah
Operasi Kontinyu
Fungsi Menurunkan temperatur keluaran bottom
KD-01
DATA DESIGN
Tipe Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Bahan Konstruksi Carbon steel
Rd Calculated 0,0010
UC 166,7013
UD 142,8826
OD 3.5 in OD 6,625 in
ID 3,068 in ID 6,065 in
a” 0,917 ft2 a” 1,734 ft2
ΔP 0,0185 psi ΔP 0,0019
8. HEATER-02 (H-02)
Fungsi : Menaikan temperatur sebelum masuk Kolom Destilasi (KD-01)
Tipe : Shell and tube Heat Exchanger
Bahan : Carbon Steel
Gambar : Aliran inlet
Shell
Tube
Rear End
Head
Aliran outlet
Water in
Perhitungan:
4) Beban Panas Heater-02
Q = 2569081,150 kj/hr = 2435054,755Btu/hr
162
5) LMTD
Fluida Panas Fluida Dingin
Komponen Selisih
(oF) (oF)
392 Suhu tinggi 347,0 45
392 Suhu rendah 140,0 252
Selisih -207
T2 - T1
LMTD (ΔT) = (Pers. 5.14)
ln( T2 /T1 )
= 120,156oF
6) Tc dan tc
Tc = ½ (392+392) = 392 oF
tc = ½ (146,6 + 82,4) = 507,5628 oF
- Koreksi UD
A = Nt x L x a''
= 381,181 ft2
Q
UD = A .Δt
UD = 51,251 (Nilai UD sudah mendekati UD asumsi)
karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati dengan nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk
shell
- Shell side
ID = 15 ¼ inch (Tabel 9. Kern)
Baffle Space (B = ID/2) = 7,625 inch
Pass (n) =1
Pt = 1,25-in triangular pitch
hi = jH
D k w
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka didapat :
hi = 712,672 Btu / hr. ft2 oF
ID
hio = hi (Pers.6.5, Kern)
OD
= 642,831 Btu / hr. ft2 oF
as =
ID x C" x B
(Pers.7.1, Kern)
(144 Pt )
= 0,162 ft2
8) Laju alir massa dalam shell, Gs
W
Gs = (Pers.7.2, Kern)
as
= 143.149,490 lb/hr.ft2
9) Bilangan Reynold, Res = D x Gs / µ
Pada tavg = 243,5 oF
Cp = 0,004 Btu/lb.oF (Fig. 2 Kern)
k = 0.0113 Btu/lb.oF (Tabel 4 Kern)
165
c.
= 0,980
k
De = 0.7200 inch = 0.0600 ft (Fig.28, Kern)
GS D
Res= =
= 328000
jH = 400 (Fig.28, Kern)
10) Koefisien Perpindahan Panas, ho
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka diperoleh :
ho = jH . (k/D). (cμ/k)1/3 (Pers. 6.28, Kern)
= 73,985 Btu / jam ft2 oF
11) Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc
hio x ho
Uc = (Pers. 6.38, Kern)
hio ho
= 66,349 Btu / jam ft2 oF
12) Dirt Factor, Rd
Uc UD
Rd = (Pers 6.13, Kern)
U c .U D
= 0.004
PRESSURE DROP
Tube Side
Untuk NRet = 14.758,836
Faktor friksi = 0,0003 (Fig 26, Kern)
s = 0,005
ΔPt = f Gt 2 L n
5, 22 x 10 10 x De s f t
= 0,0132 psi
V2 / 2g = 0,001 (Fig 27, Kern)
166
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Heater-02
Jumlah 1 buah
Operasi Kontinyu
Fungsi Menaikan temperatur keluaran KOD-01
sebelum masuk KD-01
DATA DESIGN
Tipe Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Bahan Konstruksi Carbon steel
Rd Calculated 0,004
UC 66,349
UD 51,251
167
Ho 1.040,0399
Hio 913,7810
ΔPs 1,531 psi
ΔPT 0,841 psi
9. CHILLER-01 (C-01)
Rear End
Head
Aliran outlet
Water in
Perhitungan:
7) Beban Panas PC-01
Q = 4.479.997,668 kj/hr = 4.246.280,670 Btu/hr
168
8) LMTD
Fluida Panas Fluida Dingin
Komponen Selisih
(oF) (oF)
389,9 Suhu tinggi -27,4 414,3
140 Suhu rendah -27,4 167,4
Selisih 246,9
T2 - T1
LMTD (ΔT) = (Pers. 5.14)
ln( T2 /T1 )
= 272,4 oF
9) Tc dan tc
Tc = ½ (386,9 + 140) = 263,428 oF
tc = ½ (-27,4 + -27,4) = -27,4 oF
Q
UD = A .Δt
UD = 74,830 (Nilai UD sudah mendekati UD
asumsi)
karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati dengan nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk
shell :
- Shell side
ID = 12 inch (Tabel 9. Kern)
Baffle Space (B = ID/2) = 6 inch
Pass (n) =2
Pt = 1,25 -in triangular pitch
hi = jH
D k w
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka didapat :
hi = 205,943 Btu / hr. ft2 oF
ID
hio = hi (Pers.6.5,
OD
Kern)
= 185,761 Btu / hr. ft2 oF
as =
ID x C" x B (Pers.7.1,
(144 Pt )
Kern)
= 0,100 ft2
14) Laju alir massa dalam shell, Gs
171
W
Gs = (Pers.7.2,
as
Kern)
= 72.327,049 lb/hr.ft2
15) Bilangan Reynold, Res = D x Gs / µ
Pada tavg = -27,4 oF
k = 0,2318 Btu/lb.oF (Fig. 2 Kern)
Cp = 1,307 Btu/lb.oF (Tabel 4 Kern)
μ = 0,092 Cp (Fig. 14 Kern)
= 0,222 lb/ft . jam
1
c. 3
= 1,078
k
De = 0.720 inch = 0.0600 ft (Fig.28, Kern)
GS D
Res= =
= 19.550,513
jH = 60 (Fig.28, Kern)
16) Koefisien Perpindahan Panas, ho
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka diperoleh :
ho = jH . (k/D). (cμ/k)1/3 (Pers. 6.28, Kern)
= 249,814 Btu / jam ft2 oF
17) Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc
hio x ho
Uc = (Pers. 6.38, Kern)
hio ho
= 106,539 Btu / jam ft2 oF
18) Dirt Factor, Rd
Uc UD
Rd = (Pers 6.13, Kern)
U c .U D
= 0,004
172
PRESSURE DROP
Tube Side
Untuk NRet = 510.633,741
Faktor friksi = 0,00010 (Fig 26, Kern)
s = 1
ΔPt = f Gt 2 L n
5, 22 x 10 10 x De s f t
= 0,0186 psi
V2 / 2g = 0,005 (Fig 27, Kern)
ΔPr = (4n / s) (V2 / 2g)
= 0,040 psi
ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr
= 0,059 psi
Shell Side
Faktor Friksi
Res = 19.550,513
f = 0,00008 (Fig.29, Kern)
Number of cross, (N + 1)
N+1 = 12 L / B (Pers.7.43, Kern)
= 432
Ds = ID / 12
= 1 ft
s = 0,96000
fGs2 Ds ( N 1)
ΔPs = (Pers. 12.47,Kern)
5,22 1010 Desf s
= 0,001 psi
173
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Chiller-01
Jumlah 1 buah
Operasi Kontinyu
Fungsi Menurunkan suhu keluaran R-01
DATA DESIGN
Tipe Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Bahan Konstruksi Carbon steel
Rd Calculated 0,004
UC 106,539
UD 74,830
Ho 249,814
Hio 185,761
ΔPs 0,001 psi
ΔPT 0,059 psi
Rear End
Head
Aliran outlet
Water in
T2 = 30 oC = 86 oF
Perhitungan:
10) Beban Panas C-01
Q = 2.699.334,549 kj/hr = 2.558.612,965 Btu/hr
11) LMTD
Fluida Panas Fluida Dingin
Komponen Selisih
(oF) (oF)
311 Suhu tinggi -27,4 338,4
86 Suhu rendah -27,4 113,4
Selisih 225
T2 - T1
LMTD (ΔT) = (Pers. 5.14)
ln( T2 /T1 )
= 205,8 oF
12) Tc dan tc
Tc = ½ (331 + 86) = 198,500 oF
tc = ½ (-27,4 + -27,4) = -27,4 oF
Karena A > 200 ft2, maka dipilih HE dengan jenis Shell and Tube Heat
Exchanger.
Rencana Klasifikasi
Tube side (cold fluid)
Panjang tube (L) = 18 ft
Outside Diameter (OD) = 1 inch
BWG = 18
Pass = 2 pass pada 1,25-in triangular pitch
a” = 0.2618 ft2/lin ft (Tabel 10. Kern)
A
Jumlah tube, Nt =
L x a"
= 48,729
Dari tabel 9 Kern, didapat nilai yang mendekati Nt perhitungan 316
Nt = 52
- Koreksi UD
A = Nt x L x a''
= 245,045ft2
Q
UD = A .Δt
UD = 59,687 (Nilai UD sudah mendekati UD
asumsi)
karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati dengan nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk
shell :
- Shell side
ID = 12 ¼ inch (Tabel 9. Kern)
Baffle Space (B = ID/2) = 6 inch
Pass (n) =2
Pt = 1,25 -in triangular pitch
𝑁𝑡 𝑥 𝑎′𝑡
23) Total flow area (at) = (Pers.7.48,
144 𝑥 𝑛
Kern)
= 0.1154 ft2
W
24) Laju alir, Gt =
at
= 199.100,302 lb/ hr. ft2
25) Kecepatan Linear (V) = Gt/3600
= 55,3056 fps
26) Bilangan Reynold, Ret
Pada Tavg = 263,428 oF
μ = 0,0297 lb/ft jam
D = 0,902 inch = 0.0752 ft (Tabel.10,
Kern)
De .G a
Ret =
= 200.529,08
27) Dengan L/D = 239,468 diperoleh
jH = 300 (Fig.24, Kern)
28) Nilai hi, pada Tavg = 198,500 oF
Cp = 1,0380 Btu/lb. oF
k = 0,0105 Btu/ft. oF. jam
1
c. 3
Pr =
k
= 73,815
0 ,14
k Cp .
1/ 3
hi = jH
D k
w
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka didapat :
hi = 175,445 Btu / hr. ft2 oF
177
ID
hio = hi (Pers.6.5,
OD
Kern)
= 158,252 Btu / hr. ft2 oF
as =
ID x C" x B (Pers.7.1,
(144 Pt )
Kern)
= 0,100 ft2
20) Laju alir massa dalam shell, Gs
W
Gs = (Pers.7.2,
as
Kern)
= 43.579,242 lb/hr.ft2
21) Bilangan Reynold, Res = D x Gs / µ
Pada tavg = -27,4 oF
k = 0,0105 Btu/lb.oF (Fig. 2 Kern)
Cp = 1,0380Btu/lb.oF (Tabel 4 Kern)
μ = 0,128 Cp (Fig. 14 Kern)
= 0,310 lb/ft . jam
1
c. 3
= 1,093
k
De = 0.720 inch = 0.0600 ft (Fig.28, Kern)
GS D
Res= =
= 8.425,801
178
jH = 35 (Fig.28, Kern)
22) Koefisien Perpindahan Panas, ho
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka diperoleh :
ho = jH . (k/D). (cμ/k)1/3 (Pers. 6.28, Kern)
= 173.123 Btu / jam ft2 oF
Tube Side
Untuk NRet = 20.052,908
Faktor friksi = 0,00020 (Fig 26, Kern)
s = 1
ΔPt = f Gt 2 L n
5, 22 x 10 10 x De s f t
= 0,0364 psi
V2 / 2g = 0,004 (Fig 27, Kern)
ΔPr = (4n / s) (V2 / 2g)
= 0.032 psi
ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr
= 0.068 psi
Shell Side
Faktor Friksi
Res = 8.425,801
179
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Chiller-02
Jumlah 1 buah
Operasi Kontinyu
Fungsi Menurunkan suhu keluaran top KD-01
DATA DESIGN
Tipe Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Bahan Konstruksi Carbon steel
Rd Calculated 0,005
UC 82,677
UD 59,687
Ho 173,123
Hio 158,252
ΔPs 0,008 psi
ΔPT 0,068 psi
180
Rear End
Head
Aliran outlet
Water in
Perhitungan:
13) Beban Panas C-03
Q = 6304018,218 kj/hr = 5975143,891 Btu/hr
14) LMTD
Fluida Panas Fluida Dingin
Komponen Selisih
(oF) (oF)
401 Suhu tinggi -27,4 428,4
131 Suhu rendah -27,4 158,4
181
Selisih 270
T2 - T1
LMTD (ΔT) = (Pers. 5.14)
ln( T2 /T1 )
= 271,4 oF
15) Tc dan tc
Tc = ½ (442,40 + 146,60) = 266 oF
tc = ½ (146,6 + 82,4) = -27,4 oF
Q
UD = A .Δt
182
karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati dengan nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk
shell :
- Shell side
ID = 19 ¼ inch (Tabel 9.
Kern)
Baffle Space (B = ID/2) = 9,625 inch
Pass (n) =2
Pt = 1 ¼ -in triangular pitch
hi = jH
D k w
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka didapat :
hi = 200,561 Btu / hr. ft2 oF
ID
hio = hi (Pers.6.5, Kern)
OD
= 180,906 Btu / hr. ft2 oF
as =
ID x C" x B
(Pers.7.1, Kern)
(144 Pt )
= 0,257 ft2
1
c. 3
= 1,078
k
De = 0.7200 inch = 0.0600 ft (Fig.28, Kern)
GS D
Res= =
= 10.081,730
jH = 50 (Fig.28, Kern)
28) Koefisien Perpindahan Panas, ho
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka diperoleh :
ho = jH . (k/D). (cμ/k)1/3 (Pers. 6.28, Kern)
= 214,270 Btu / jam ft2 oF
29) Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc
hio x ho
Uc = (Pers. 6.38, Kern)
hio ho
= 98,090 Btu / jam ft2 oF
Tube Side
Untuk NRet = 202,194
Faktor friksi = 0,00300 (Fig 26, Kern)
s
= 1 (Tabel 6, Kern)
ΔPt = f Gt 2 L n
5, 22 x 10 10 x De s f t
= 0,0000184785 psi
V2 / 2g = 0,001 (Fig 27, Kern)
ΔPr = (4n / s) (V2 / 2g)
185
= 0.008 psi
ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr
= 0.008 psi
Shell Side
Faktor Friksi
Res = 10.081,730
f = 0.003 (Fig.29, Kern)
Number of cross, (N + 1)
N+1 = 12 L / B (Pers.7.43, Kern)
= 239,377
Ds = ID / 12
= 1,604 ft
s = 0,96
fGs2 Ds ( N 1)
ΔPs = (Pers. 12.47,Kern)
5,22 1010 Desf s
= 0,006 psi
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Chiller-03
Jumlah 1 buah
Operasi Kontinyu
Fungsi Menurunkan suhu keluaran RB-01
sebelum masuk Tangki 4
DATA DESIGN
Tipe Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Rd Calculated 0,014
UC 98,090
UD 40,684
Ho 214,270
Hio 180,906
186
Tee
Return Head
D 22 - D12
De
D1
= 0,3062 ft
b) Laju alir massa, Ga
Ga = W/aa
= 139755,109 lb/jam ft2
c) Bilangan Reynold, Rea
Pada tc = 216,50 o F
= 0,9150 cP = 2,2143lb/ft jam
Rea = De,Ga/
= 193.249,400
d) jH = 400 (Fig 24, Kern)
e) Pada Ta = 216,50 o F
Cp = 0,0121 Btu/lb,oF
k = 0,3557 Btu/ft2,hr oF
(Cp /k)1/3 = 0,4265
f) Koefisien Perpindahan panas (ho)
f = 1
k Cp.
1/ 3
ho jH . . .f
De k
Pada Tc = 392 oF
= 0,3084 cp = 0,7463 lb/ft,jam
G p .D
Rep
= 257.044,95
d) jH = 600 (Fig 24, Kern)
e) Pada Tc = 392 oF
Cp = 1,0380 Btu/lb,oF
k = 0,0105 lb/ft,jam
(Cp /k)1/3 = 4,1351
Koefisien Perpindahan Panas, hi
f =1
k Cp.
1/ 3
hi jH . . .f
De k (Pers. 6.28, Kern)
= 77,6069 Btu/ jam ft2 oF
f) hio = hi (ID/OD)
hio = 69,4323 Btu/ jam ft2 oF
g) Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc
h io x h o
Uc =
h io + h o
= 77,1261 Btu/jam ft2 oF
h) Design Overall Coefficient, UD
1/UD = 1/Uc + Rd (Pers. 6,10 Kern)
RD = 0,00474
1/UD = 0,0177
UD = 60 Btu/jam ft2 oF
i) Required Surface, A
Q
A
U d .T
= 55,4383 ft2
j) Required Length, L
190
L = A/a’’
a’’ = 1,1780 ft2 (Tabel 11, Kern)
L = 47,061 ft
Panjang 1 hairpin = 1 × 20 ft = 20 ft
Jumlah hairpin yang diperlukan = L / panjang 1 harpin
= 1,18 1
Maka dipakai 1 hairpin (1 x 20 ft ) :
Actual Length = 2 x (1 x 20) = 40 ft
Actual Surface = L x a” = 47,1200 ft2
Actual Design Coefficient, Ud
Q
UD =
Aact .T
= 56,474 Btu/jam ft2 oF
Uc - UD
Rd
Uc x UD
= 0,0047
6. Pressure Drop
a) Annulus : Fluida Dingin
De’ = (D2 - D1)
= 0,1304 ft
Rea = De,Ga/
= 19.324,9418
f = 0,0035 + [0,264 / Rea0,42] (Pers.3.47b, Kern)
= 0,0077
= 61,7974 lb/ft3
4 . f . G a2 . L
Fa
2.g. 2 .D 'e
= 0,0577 ft
Va = Ga/3600, (hal.115 Kern)
= 0,6282 ft/s
191
V2
FL n (hal. 112 Kern)
2.g
= 0,0245 ft
(Fa FL ).
P (hal. 114 Kern)
144
= 0,0353 psi
b) Inner Pipe : Fluida Panas
Rep = 257.044,9499
f = 0,0035 + (0,264 / Rep0,42) (Pers.3.47b,Kern)
= 0,0049
= 3,833 lb/ft3
4 . f . G 2p L
Fp 2.g. 2 .D
= 6,2338 ft
P = (Fp,)/144
= 0,166 psi
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Condenser-01
Jumlah 1 buah
Operasi Kontinyu
Fungsi Mengkondensasi keluaran top KD-01
DATA DESIGN
Tipe Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Bahan Konstruksi Carbon steel
Rd Calculated 0,004
UC 77,1261
UD 56,474
SN 40 SN 40
OD 4,5 in OD 6,625 in
ID 4,026 in ID 6,065 in
a” 12,7 ft2 a” 28,9 ft2
ΔP 0,166 psi ΔP 0,035 psi
Rear End
Head
Aliran outlet
Water in
Perhitungan:
16) Beban Panas RB-01
Q = 672888,0859 kj/hr = 637784,187 Btu/hr
193
17) LMTD
Fluida Panas Fluida Dingin
Komponen Selisih
(oF) (oF)
401 Suhu tinggi 392 9
401 Suhu rendah 392 9
Selisih 0
T2 - T1
LMTD (ΔT) = (Pers. 5.14)
ln( T2 /T1 )
= 9 oF
18) Tc dan tc
Tc = ½ (401 + 401) = 205 oF
tc = ½ (392 + 392) = 200 oF
- Koreksi UD
A = Nt x L x a''
= 1214,752 ft2
Q
UD = A .Δt
UD = 58,337 (Nilai UD sudah mendekati UD
asumsi)
karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati dengan nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk
shell :
- Shell side
ID = 23 ¼ inch (Tabel 9. Kern)
Baffle Space (B = ID/2) = 11,625 inch
Pass (n) =2
Pt = 1,25 -in triangular pitch
hi = jH
D k w
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka didapat :
hi = 129,231 Btu / hr. ft2 oF
ID
hio = hi (Pers.6.5,
OD
Kern)
= 116,567 Btu / hr. ft2 oF
as =
ID x C" x B (Pers.7.1,
(144 Pt )
Kern)
= 0,375 ft2
32) Laju alir massa dalam shell, Gs
196
W
Gs = (Pers.7.2,
as
Kern)
= 3.951.783,644 lb/hr.ft2
33) Bilangan Reynold, Res = D x Gs / µ
Pada tavg = 200 oF
k = 0,0197 Btu/lb.oF (Fig. 2 Kern)
Cp = 0,464 Btu/lb.oF (Tabel 4 Kern)
μ = 0,016 Cp (Fig. 14 Kern)
= 0,039 lb/ft . jam
1
c. 3
= 0,975
k
De = 0.720 inch = 0.0600 ft (Fig.28, Kern)
GS D
Res= =
= 6.028.359,447
jH = 650 (Fig.28, Kern)
34) Koefisien Perpindahan Panas, ho
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka diperoleh :
ho = jH . (k/D). (cμ/k)1/3 (Pers. 6.28, Kern)
= 207,755 Btu / jam ft2 oF
35) Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc
hio x ho
Uc = (Pers. 6.38, Kern)
hio ho
= 74,671 Btu / jam ft2 oF
36) Dirt Factor, Rd
Uc UD
Rd = (Pers 6.13, Kern)
U c .U D
= 0.004
PRESSURE DROP
197
Tube Side
Untuk NRet = 202,263
Faktor friksi = 0,00230 (Fig 26, Kern)
s= 1
ΔPt = f Gt 2 L n
5, 22 x 10 10 x De s f t
= 2,59114E-05 psi
V2 / 2g = 0,001 (Fig 27, Kern)
ΔPr = (4n / s) (V2 / 2g)
= 0.008 psi
ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr
= 0.008 psi
Shell Side
Faktor Friksi
Res = 6.028.359,447
f = 0.00008 (Fig.29, Kern)
Number of cross, (N + 1)
N+1 = 12 L / B (Pers.7.43, Kern)
= 247,742
Ds = ID / 12
= 1,938 ft
s = 0,88873
fGs2 Ds ( N 1)
ΔPs = (Pers. 12.47,Kern)
5,22 1010 Desf s
= 2,154 psi
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Reboiler-01
Jumlah 1 buah
Operasi Kontinyu
198
DATA DESIGN
Tipe Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Bahan Konstruksi Carbon steel
Rd Calculated 0,004
UC 74,671
UD 58,337
Ho 207,755
Hio 116,567
ΔPs 2,154 psi
ΔPT 0,008 psi
ACC-01
ACC - 01
output
b) Perhitungan Desain :
Volume accumulator
W
Volumetrik flowrate, V =
ρ
= 19,7423 m3/jam
Faktor keamanan = 10%
Volumetrik flowrate, V = (100% + 10%) V
= 1,1 x 19,7423 m3/jam
= 21,7165 m3/jam
Volume = 21,7165 m3/jam x 5 menit x 1 jam/60 menit
= 1,8097 m3
Diameter accumulator, D
Diiginkan L = 3/2 x D
π
Vsilinder = D 2 Lsilinder
4
π
= D 2 3 / 2D
4
3
= π D3
8
π
Vhead = D3 (Peters, M.S. dan K.D. Timmerhaus, 1991)
24
Volume = Vsilinder + 2 Vhead
3
= π D3 2 D3
8 24
11 π
= D 3 = 1,4392 D3
24
V
Diameter, D = 3
1,4392
1,8097 m 3
= 3
1,4392
= 1,0794 m
200
1 1
Jari-jari, r = D = 1,0794 m = 0,5397 m
2 2
Panjang silinder, Vs
L = 3/2 D
= 3/2 x 1,0794 m
= 1,6190 m
Panjang Elipsodial, h
h = 1/4/D
= 1/4 x 1,0794 m
= 0,2698 m
Tebal Dinding, t
P r
t = CC
S E - 0,6 P
Keterangan :
t = tebal dinding, in
P = tekanan desain = 1,4 atm = 20,5744 psi
D = diameter = 1,0794 m
r = jari-jari = 0,5397 m
S = tekanan kerja yang diizinkan, psi = 13700 psi (untuk material carbon
steel suhu -20 hingga 650 oC)
E = efisiensi pengelasan = 0,85 (spot examined)
Cc = korosi yang diizinkan = 0,00038 m
P r
t = CC
S E - 0,6 P
(20,5744 psi 0,5397m)
= 0,00038 m
(13700 psi 0,85) - (0,6 20,5744 psi)
= 0,0051 m
KOD
Input GLS-01
01
Liquid
Liquid asam asetat
Densitas Densitas
Komponen Fraksi Fraksi
Liquid Uap
Liquid Uap
(Kg/m3) (Kg/m3)
Fenol 0,0058 0,000 1501,5874 8,4628
Hidrogen 0,000 0,8774 0,000 0,1095
Metana 0,000 0,1226 0,000 0,8757
Air 0,0009 0,000 1491,1991 0,000
Sikloheksanon 0,9932 0,000 1361,5718 0,000
Total 1,000 1,000 2852,7709 0,9852
c) Data umum
Holding time (t) = 2 menit (Sumber : Walas, 1990)
Faktor keamanan = 10% (Sumber : Sinnot, 2005)
203
d) Data Desain
Vapour Volumetric Flowrate (Qv)
laju alir massa uap
Qv = ρuap
m3
Qv = 308,8387 jam
m3
Qv = 0,8579 s
′
Qv = Qv x (100% + faktor keamanan)
m3
Qv ′ = 0,8579 x (100% + 10%)
s
m3
Qv ′ = 0,94378 s
X = −3,9205
ρL −ρv 0,5
Vmax = Kv [( ) ] (Sumber: Peter, hlm 656)
ρv
m
= 0,6879 s
204
D = 1,2604 m
D
Jari − jari (R) =
2
1,2604 m
R= 2
R = 0,6302 m
m3
QL = 7,6965 jam
m3
QL = 0,0021 s
m3
QL ′ = 0,0024
s
m3 0,167 jam
HL = 7,6965 x (1,2471 )
jam m2
HL = 1,0286 m
= 1,0504 m
Ht = 3,0286 m + 1,0504 m
Ht = 4,0789 m
2π.D3
VH = ( )
24
VH = 0,5240 m3
VT = VS + VH
VT = 4,3009 m3
Kondisi Operasi :
Temperatur = 197,1417oC
Tekanan = 1,497 atm
Konversi = 99,39 %
Laju alir massa, W = 10549,3783 kg/jam
BM rata-rata, BMav = 30,3081 kg/mol
Densitas Campuran = 1,3735 kg/m3
Viskositas Campuran = 0,0118 kg/m.s
Data Katalis :
Nama katalis = Pd-MgO (Paladium-Magnesium Oksida)
Porositas (Φ) = 0,232
Diameter katalis (dp) = 3 mm
= 0,003 m
Densitas katalis = 3605,3179 kg/m3
Reaksi :
C6 H 5OH + 2H2 C6 H10O
208
FBO
Konsentrasi mula-mula, CBO = ... 67
volumetrik flowrate
(Levenspiel. 1999. Hal 94)
= 0,0313 kmol/m3
CA = CAo (1-XA) ... 68
(Levenspiel. 1999. Hal 43)
= 0,0139 kmol/m3 x (1- 0,9939)
= 0,0000849 kmol/m3
CB = CBo – b/a (CAo – CA) ... 69
(Levenspiel. 1999. Hal 43)
= CBo – 5/4 (CAo – CAo (1-XA))
= CBo – 5/4 (CAo – CAo + CAo . XA)
209
Kinetika Reaksi
Reaksi 1 :
C6 H 5OH + 2H2 C6 H10O
k1
Menentukan Energi Aktivasi
∆Hf 298 C6 H5 OH = -0,09636 kJ/kmol
∆Hf 298O2 = 0 kJ/kmol
E C6 H5 OH = H f 298 R T
=0,000051614 kmol/ m3
=0,0022 kmol/ m3
210
Nilai konstanta laju reaksi dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan dari jurnal
”Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanone Over Pd/MgO, Galvagno,S, dkk,
2007).
k = 1074,2332 s-1
Diameter tube terkecil harus memenuhi rasio diameter katalis terhadap diameter
tube dengan harga 0,15
DT = 0,3 / 0,15 = 2 cm = 0,02 m = 0,7874 inch
211
= 355 x 0,0286 m3
= 10,1538 m3
dX
V FAO
rA
W = 5462,090597 kg
= 5,4621 ton
Vk = 5,3037 m3
= 3,96 s
Space Velocity (SV)
SV = 1/ ... 70
(Levenspiel.1999. Hal 93)
= 1/0,0011jam
= 909,09 jam-1
= 1,4957 x 10-3 m2
0,5
4 ×1,9382m2
=( )
3,14
= 1,5713 m
P.r
t C ... 89
.SE 0,6 . P
(Peters. 1991. Hal 537)
Dimana
t = tebal tangki bagian silinder (in)
P = tekanan design = 1,497 atm
= 21,9999 psia
DS = diameter shell = 1,5793 m
r = jari-jari shell = 0,78965 m
S = working stress allowable = 13.700 psia (Peters, 1991)
E = welding joint efficiency = 0,85 (Peters, 1991)
C = tebal korosi yang diizinkan = 0,0032 m
Maka :
P.r
t = +C
S . E - 0,6 . P
21,9999 psia . 0,78965 m
= 0,0032 m
13.400
. psia . 0,85 - 0,6 .21,99990 psia
= 0,0047 m
= 0,1845 in
11) Outside Diameter Reaktor, OD
OD = ID + 2.t ... 90
(Peters. 1991. Hal 537)
= 1,5713 m + 2 . (0,1845 m)
= 1,5807 m
Gt
ut =
= 1,2622 m/s
Bilangan Reynold, Re
= 1,1800 x 10-5kg/m.s
.u t .ID
Re = ... 92
(Sinnot, R.K. 2001. Hal 674)
= 11449,1090
Bilangan Prandtl, Pr
Kapasitas panas, Cp = 10229,8127 kJ/kg.K
Konduktivitas termal, kf = 0,0176 W/m.K
Cp.
Pr =
kf
... 93
(Sinnot, R.K. 2001. Hal 674)
= 6,8456
Rasio Panjang Tube dan Inside Diameter, L/ID
L
= 76,9949
ID
= 1880,4545 kg/m2.jam
dP G 1 150.1 .
. 3 . 1,75 . G
dL . g c . d p dp
Dimana,
WT
G =
3600 . (a" . N T )
= 1,7337 kg/m2.s
dP G 1 f 150(1 f )
3 1,75.G
dL .g c .d p f dp
219
dP
9207,5869Pa / m
dL
dP
9,2076 kPa / m
dL
dP
P x L 0,5454 atm
dL
Pout Pdesain P 0,9516 atm
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Reaktor
Kode Alat R-01
Jumlah 1 Unit
Operasi Continue
Fungsi Sebagai tempat terjadinya reaksi antara fenol
dan hidrogen
DATA DESAIN
Tipe Multitubular Fixed Bed Reaktor
Temperatur 197,1417 oC
Tekanan 1,497 atm
Diameter 1,5807 m
Tinggi 6,7857 m
Tebal Dinding 0,0047 m
Katalis Pd-MgO
Diameter Katalis 3,000 mm
Bahan Konstruksi Stainless Steel 304
220
CD-01
ACC-01
KD-01
F
RB-01
B
1.1. Data Kondisi Operasi:
Dengan pendekatan yi=1 terhadap temperatur, didapatkan kondisi operasi :
Feed KD-01 :
T= 175 ºC ;P = 2 atm
Komposisi :
Komponen xi Pi (mmHg) ki (Pi/P) yi = (ki × xi)
Fenol 0,0061 627,2681 0,4127 0,0025
Air 0,0050 6703,8714 4,4104 0,0219
Sikloheksanon 0,9890 1499,2154 0,9863 0,9754
Total 1,000 1,000
TOP KD-01 :
T = 155 °C; P = 1,4 atm
Komposisi :
xi
Komponen yi pi(mmHg) Ki
(yi/ki)
Fenol 0,0000 342,1749 0,3216 1,89892E-07
221
BOTTOM
T = 205°C; P = 2,5 atm
Komposisi :
pi yi
Komponen xi Ki
(mmHg) (xi×ki)
Fenol 0,9984 1381,1862 0,7269 0,7258
Air 0,0000 12960,4427 6,8213 0,0000
Sikloheksanon 0,0016 2618,2634 1,3780 0,0022
Total 1,000 1,000
= 2,3405
2) Menentukan Minimum Stage
Dengan metode Fenske (R. Van Winkle; Persamaan 5.118; Hal.236)
222
Log X LK / X HK D x X HK / X LK B
NM
Log ( Avg )
NM=11,4836 ≈ 12
3) Mencari Rasio Refluks Minimum
Digunakan metode Underwood (R. Van Winkle; Pers. 5.82; Hal. 222)
𝑛
xF
∑ = 1– q
(α − φ)
1
α
dimana q = 1, karena feed masuk pada kondisi bubblepoint
𝑛
xF
∑ =0
(α − φ)
1
α
Untuk menyelesaikan persamaan di atas dilakukan trial-error dan didapat
nilai :
θ =49,4967
Xf XD
Α /
Komponen Xf
/ XD
/
0,0061 1.988,6849 0,9751 0,0062 0,0000 0,0000
Fenol
0,0050 49,5542 0,0012 0,0043 0,0021 1,8202
Air
0,9890 1,0000 -48,4967 -0,0204 0,9979 -0,0206
Sikloheksanon
Total 1,000 0,000 1,000 1,7996
(L/D)m = 1,7996 - 1
= 0,7996
(L/D) = 1,5 × (L/D)m
= 2 ×0,7996
= 1,1994
4) Theoritical Tray pada Actual Reflux – Metode Gilliland
Diketahui :
R =L/D = 1,1994
(L/D)m = 0,7996
223
NM = 12
L L
- [(
D D )]m
x= =0,2222
L
+1
D
Dari grafik 5.18, Hal. 243, Van Winkle (Gilland Corelation) diperoleh :
N-NM
y= = 0,4763
N+1
NM +y
N=
1-y
N teori = 24 stage
5) Menentukan lokasi feed di KD-01
Feed location ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode Kirkbride :
(Pers.8-167, Ludwig vol, 2, 1994)
𝑁𝑟
log = 0,0877
𝑁𝑆
𝑁𝑟
= 1,2236
𝑁𝑆
Nr = 1,2236 Ns
N Teoritical =Nr + Ns (Pers.8-168, Ludwig vol, 2, 1994)
24 = 1,2236 Ns
Ns = 10,7931
Nr =13,2069 ≈ 14 (tray ke-)
Dari perhitungan diketahui:
Sr
=1,000
SS
Ss = 24/(1,000+1) = 12
Sr = 12 × 1,000 = 12
224
0, 2
K1* = K1
20
=0,0274
Kecepatan Flooding (uf )
225
L V
uf = K1 * (Pers. 11.81; Coulson, 1999)
V
=0,3959 m/s
Desain untuk 85% flooding pada maksimum flow rate ( u )
u =0,85×uf (Coulson, 1999)
=0,85×0,3959 m/s
=0,3365 m/s
Maksimum laju alir volumetric (Uv maks)
V
Uv maks = (Coulson, 1999)
V . 3600
= 2,1429 m3/s
Net area yang dibutuhkan (An)
U V maks
An =
(Coulson, 1999)
u
= 6,3675 m2
Cross sectional area dengan 12% downcomer area (Ac)
Diambil sebesar 12%berdasarkan rekomendasi pada buku Chemical
Engineering, vol. 6, Coulson, Hal. 568
An
Ac = (Coulson, 1999)
1 0,12
=7,2358 m2
Diameter kolom (Dc)
4 Ac
Dc = (Coulson, 1999)
3,14
=3,0361 m
3) Desain plate
Diameter kolom (Dc) =3,0361 m
Luas area kolom (Ac)
226
Dc 2 . 3,14
Ac = (Coulson, 1999)
4
=7,2358 m2
Downcomer area (Ad)
Ad =persen downcomer× Ac (Coulson, 1999)
=0,12× 7,2358 m2 = 0,8683 m2
Active area (Aa)
Aa =Ac – 2Ad (Coulson,1999)
=7,2358 m2 – (2×0,8683 m2)
=5,4992 m2
Hole area (Ah) ditetapkan 10% dari Aa berdasarkan rekomendasi pada buku
Chemical Engineering, vol. 6, Coulson, Hal. 568
Ah =10%×Aa
=0,1×5,4992 m2
=0,5499 m2
Nilai weir length (Iw) ditentukan dari gambar 11.31, Coulson vol 6
Ad
Ordinat = x 100 = 12%
Ac
Iw
Absis = =0,77
Dc
Sehingga :
Iw =Dc × 0,77
Iw =3,0361 m × 0,77
=2,3378 m
Penentuan nilai weir height (hw), hole diameter (dh), dan plate thickness,(nilai ini
sama untuk kolom atas dan kolom bawah)
Weir height (hw) =50 mm
Nilai weir height direkomendasikan pada buku Chemical Engineering, vol. 6,
Coulson, Hal. 571
Hole diameter (dh) = 6 mm
227
Ukuran tersebut merupakan preferred size sesuai rekomendasi pada buku Chemical
Engineering, vol. 6, Coulson, Hal. 573
Plate thickness = 3 mm (untuk Stainless steel 304)
4) Check weeping
Maximum liquid rate (Lm,max)
L
Lm,max = (Hal. 473; Coulson, 1999)
3600
=1,8033 kg/s
Minimum liquid rate (Lm,min)
Minimum liquid rate pada 70% liquid turn down ratio
Lm,min =0,7 × Lm,max (Hal. 473; Coulson, 1999)
=0,7 × 1,8033 kg/s
=1,2623 kg/s
Weir liquid crest (how)
2
Lm 3
how = 750 (Pers. 11.85; Coulson, 1999)
l Iw
2
Lm, maks 3
how,max = 750 =7,1977 mm liquid
l Iw
2
Lm, min 3
how, min = 750 =5,6745 mm liquid
l Iw
Pada rate minimum :
hw + how =50 mm+5,6745 mm liquid
=55,6745 mm
Dari figure 11.30, Coulson, ed. 6 :
K2 =30,200
Minimum design vapour velocity (ŭh)
Ŭh =
K 2 0,90 25,4 dh (Pers. 11.84; Coulson, 1999)
V 2
1
=6,4493 m/s
Actual minimum vapour velocity (Uv, min actual)
228
= 2,7277 m/s
Diproleh nilai Uvmin actual lebih kecil dari Uh,maka weeping tidak terjadi.
Plate pressure drop
Jumlah maksimum vapour yang melewati holes (Ǚh)
Uv, maks
Ǚh = (Hal. 473; Coulson, 1999)
Ah
Ǚh =3,8967 m/s
Dari gambar 11.34, Coulson ed 6, untuk :
Plate thickness
= 0,500
hole diameter
Ah Ah
= =0,100
Ap Aa
Ah
× 100 = 10
Ap
Sehingga didapat nilai Orifice coeficient (Co)=0,734
Dry plate drop (hd)
2
Uh
hd = 51 V (Pers. 11.88; Coulson, 1999)
Co L
= 6,8176 mm liquid
Residual head (hr)
12,5 .10 3
hr = =15,2352 mm liquid (Coulson, 1999)
L
Total pressure drop (ht)
ht =hd + (hw + how) + hr (Coulson, 1999)
ht =79,2505 mm liquid
Ketentuan bahwa nilai ht harus tidak jauh dari dari 100 mm liquid telah
terpenuhi.(Coulson, Hal.474)
Downcomer liquid backup
Downcomer pressure loss (hap) (Coulson, 1999)
229
uv
% flooding = x100
uf
=85,000%
Untuk nilai FLV= 0,067dari gambar 11.29, Coulson, ed. 6,didapat :
Ψ =0,1900
Ketentuan bahwa nilai ψ harus lebih kecil dari 1 telah terpenuhi.
5) Trial plate layout
Digunakan plate type cartridge, dengan 50 mm unperforted strip
mengelilingi pinggir plate dan 50 mm wide calming zones.
Lw
Dari gambar 11.3,2 Coulson, ed. 6 pada = 0,77
Dc
Di dapat nilai θC= 101,00 °
Sudut subtended antara pinggir plate dengan unperforated strip (θ)
Θ =180 - θC
=180 - 101
=79o
Mean lengthen perforated edge strips (Lm)
Lm = Dc hw x 3,14
180
=4,1151 m
Area of unperforated edge strip (Aup)
Aup =hw × Lm
Aup =0,2058 m2
Mean length of calming zone (Lcz)
Lcz = Lw+Lh
= 0,6939 m
Area of calming zone (Acz)
Acz = 2(Lcz × hw)
=0,2877 m2
Total area perforated (Ap)
Ap = Aa – (Aup + Acz)
231
=5,0058 m2
Dari Gambar 11.33, Coulson, ed. 6, nilai Ah/Ap =0,104, didapat :
Ip/dh = 2,75
Nilai Ip/dh harus berada dalam range 2,5 – 4,0 (Hal. 465, Coulson, 1999)
Area untuk 1 hole (Aoh)
dh 2
Aoh = 3,14
4
=2,8260×10-5m2
Ah
Jumlah holes =
Aoh
=19459,4284 holes
≈19460,000 holes
6) Ketebalan minimum kolom bagian atas
Ketebalan dinding bagian head, thead
P.Da
thead = Cc (Tabel 4; Hal. 537; Peters, 1991)
2.S.E j 0,2.P
Ketebalan dinding bagian silinder, tsilinder
P.ri
tsilinder = Cc (Tabel 4; Hal. 537; Peters, 1991)
S .E j 0,6.P
Keterangan :
t = tebal dinding =0,0084 m
P = tekanan desain =1,4 atm
r = jari-jari = 1,5180 m
S =working stress allowable
= 714,286 atm(material Stainless steel 304 suhu -20 hingga 650°F)
E = welding joint efficiency
= 0,85 (spot examined)
Dari buku Plant Design and Economics(Max S. Peters and Klaus D. Timmerhaus),
laju korosi untuk Stainless steel 304adalah sebesar 0,015 in/tahun
Cc =Tebal korosi yang diizinkan
=laju korosi×service life
232
1,173𝑥10−13 (∅𝑀)0,5 𝑇
𝐷𝐿𝐾 =
𝜇𝑉𝑚0,6
BM sikloheksanon = 98 kg/kmol
𝜌sikloheksanon = 819,6417 kg/m3
Φ = Unassociated Solvent = 1
DLK = 5,8 × 10-8 m2/s
Sc = Liquid Schmidt Number = 𝜇𝐿
( )
𝜌𝐿 𝐷𝐿𝐾
233
= 65.126,9572
hw = Weir Height = 0,050 m
𝜌v = 3,9022 kg/m3
Re =
Re = 2,4659
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑠
FA =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
= Fractional Area = 0,076
Emv = 0,965336 = 96,5336 %
1.4. Desain Kolom Bagian Bawah (Stripping Section)
Data fisik untuk stripping section
q =1
q =
L ' L (Treyball, 1981)
F
V’ = V ( q 1 ) F (Treyball, 1981)
L’ =F+L
=61.262,4291 kg/jam
=17,0173 kg/s
V’ =V
=13.917,6627 kg/jam
=3,8660 kg/s
Data Fisik Vapour Liquid
Mass Flow Rate (kg/s) 3,8660 17,0173
Density (kg/m3) 5,9899 904,3245
Volumetric Flow Rate (m3/s) 0,6454 0,0188
Surface tension (N/m) 0,0212
1) Diameter kolom
Liquid –Vapour Flow Factor (FLV)
234
LW V
FLV = (Coulson. 1999)
VW L
=4,4018√0,0814
= 0,3582
Ditentukan tray spacing = 0,450 m (dipilih sesuai rekomendasi buku Chemical
Engineering, vol. 6, Coulson, Hal.556 sebagai initial estimate)
Dari grafik 11.27, buku Chemical Engineering, vol. 6, Coulson didapat nilai
konstanta K1 = 0,045
Koreksi untuk tegangan permukaan
0, 2
K1* = K1
20
=0,0114
Iw
Absis = = 0,77
Dc
Sehingga :
Iw =Dc × 0,77
Iw =2,8879 m ×0,77
=2,2237 m
Penentuan nilai weir height (hw), hole diameter (dh), dan plate thickness, (nilai ini
sama untuk kolom atas dan kolom bawah)
Weir height (hw) = 85 mm
nilai weir height direkomendasikan pada buku Chemical Engineering, vol. 6,
Coulson, Hal. 571
Hole diameter (dh) = 6 mm
ukuran tersebut merupakan preferred size sesuai rekomendasi pada bukuChemical
Engineering, vol. 6, Coulson, Hal. 573
Plate thickness =3 mm (untuk Stainless steel 304)
3) Check weeping
Maximum liquid rate (Lm,max)
L
Lm,max = (Hal. 473; Coulson, 1999)
3600
=17,0173 kg/s
Minimum liquid rate (Lm,min)
Minimum liquid rate pada 70% liquid turn down ratio
Lm,min =0,7 × Lm,max (Hal. 473; Coulson, 1999)
=0,7 × 17,0173 kg/s
=11,9121 kg/s
Weir liquid crest (how)
2
Lm 3
How = 750 (Pers. 11.85; Coulson, 1999)
l Iw
2
Lm, maks 3
how, maks = 750 =31,1454 mm liquid
l Iw
237
2
Lm, min 3
how, min = 750 = 24,5542 mm liquid
l Iw
Pada rate minimum :
hw + how =109,5542 mm liquid
Dari figure 11.30, Coulson, ed. 6 :
K2 =31,2
Minimum design vapour velocity (ŭh)
Ŭh =
K 2 0,90 25,4 dh (Pers. 11.84; Coulson, 1999)
V 2
1
=5,6141 m/s
Actual minimum vapour velocity (Uv, min actual)
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
Uv, min actual = (Pers. 11.84; Coulson, 1999)
Ah
=0,9080 m/s
Plate pressure drop
Jumlah maksimum vapour yang melewati holes (Ǚh)
Uv, maks
Ǚh = (Hal. 473; Coulson, 1999)
Ah
Ǚh =1,2972 m/s
Dari gambar 11.34, Coulson ed 6, untuk :
Plate thickness
=0,500
hole diameter
Ah Ah
= =0,100
Ap Aa
Ah
× 100 = 10,000
Ap
Sehingga, didapat nilai Orifice coeficient (Co) = 0,735
Dry plate drop (hd)
2
Uh
hd = 51 V (Pers. 11.88; Coulson, 1999)
Co L
238
= 1,0522 mm liquid
Residual head (hr)
12,5 .10 3
hr = (Coulson, 1999)
L
=13,8225 mm liquid
Total pressure drop (ht)
ht =hd + (hw + how) + hr (Coulson, 1999)
ht =131,0201 mm liquid
Ketentuan bahwa nilai ht harus mendekati dari 100 mm liquid telah terpenuhi.
(Coulson, Hal.474)
Downcomer liquid backup
Downcomer pressure loss (hap)
hap =hw – (10 mm) (Coulson, 1999)
=(85 – 10) mm
=75 mm
Area under apron (Aap)
Aap =hap × Iw (Coulson, 1999)
=75× 10-3m × 2,2237 m
=0,1668 m2
Karena nilai Aap (0,445m2) lebih kecil dari nilai Ad (0,7856 m2), maka yang
digunakan pada perhitungan head loss di downcomer (hdc) adalah nilai Aap.
Head loss in the downcomer (hdc)
2
Lm, max
hdc = 166 (Coulson, 1999)
L Aap
=2,1134 mm
Back up di downcomer (hb)
hb =(hw + how) + ht + hdc (Coulson, 1999)
=249,2788 mm
=0,2493 m
hb harus lebih kecil dari (plate spacing + weir height)/2 (Coulson..p.474)
dimana, (plate spacing + weir height)/2 =0,2675 m
239
= 80%
Untuk nilai FLV = 0,3582 dari gambar 11.29, Coulson, ed. 6,didapat :
Ψ =0,0051
Ketentuan bahwa nilai ψ harus lebih kecil dari 1 telah terpenuhi.
4) Trial plate layout
Digunakan plate type cartridge, dengan 50 mm unperforted strip
mengelilingi pinggir plate dan 50 mm wide calming zones.
Iw
Dari gambar 11.3,2 Coulson, ed. 6 pada = 0,77
Dc
Di dapat nilai θC= 99,6154o
Sudut subtended antara pinggir plate dengan unperforated strip (θ)
Θ =180 - θC
= 180 – 99,6154
= 80,3846o
Mean lengthunperforated edge strips (Lm)
Lm = Dc hw x 3,14
180
=3,9304 m
Area of unperforated edge strip (Aup)
240
Aup =hw× Lm
=0,3341m2
Mean length of calming zone (Lcz)
Lcz = Lw Lh
=2,7365 m
Area of calming zone (Acz)
Acz = 2 (Lcz × hw)
= 0,4652 m2
Total area perforated (Ap)
Ap =Aa – (Aup + Acz)
=4,1762 m2
Dari gambar 11.33, Coulson, ed. 6, nilai Ah/Ap=0,106, didapat :
Ip/dh = 2,8462
Nilai Ip/dh harus berada dalam range 2,5 – 4,0 (Hal. 465, Coulson, 1999)
Area untuk 1 hole (Aoh)
dh 2
Aoh = 3,14
4
=2,83×10-5m2
Ah
Jumlah holes =
Aoh
=17.606,2853 holes
≈17.607 holes
5) Ketebalan minimum kolom bagian bawah
Ketebalan dinding bagian head, thead
P.Da
thead = Cc (Tabel 4; Hal. 537; Peters, 1991)
2.S.E j 0,2.P
Keterangan :
241
Sehingga :
OD = ID + 2×tsilinder S=2,9101 m
6) Efisiensi Tray
Perhitungan Efisiensi Tray menggunakan Van Winkle's Correlation
EmV = 0,07 𝑥 𝐷𝑔0,14 𝑥𝑆𝑐0,25 𝑥𝑅𝑒0,08 Eq. 11.69, Hal. 552, Coulson 4th Ed
Dg =
Dg = 0,7249
𝜌𝐿 = 904,3245 kg/m3
1,173𝑥10−13 (∅𝑀)0,5 𝑇
𝐷𝐿𝐾 =
𝜇𝑉𝑚0,6
𝜌L = 904,3245 kg/m3
Φ = Unassociated Solvent = 1
DLK = 6,42 × 10-9 m2/s
Sc = Liquid Schmidt Number = 𝜇𝐿
( )
𝜌𝐿 𝐷𝐿𝐾
= 51.085,3691
hw = Weir Height = 0,085 m
𝜌v = 5,9899 kg/m3
Re =
Re = 2,2272
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑠
FA =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
= Fractional Area = 0,076
Emv = 1,0726 = 107,2577 %
1.5. Total Pressure Drop
Pressure drop per plate:
rectifying section (P1) = 79,2505 mmliquid
= 0.0077 atm
stripping section (P2) =131,0201 mm
= 0,0127 atm
total pressure drop:
ΔP = (N1× ΔP1) + (N2× ΔP2)
= (12× 0.0077) + (12×0,0127) atm
=0,2442 atm = 3,5884 psi
1.6. Tinggi kolom destilasi
H =[N1×Tray spacing1 + N2×Tray spacing2]
= [(12× 0,6) + (12 ×0,45)]
243
= 12,6 m
He =tinggi tutup ellipsoidal atas
=¼ × ID
=0,759 m
He =tinggi tutup ellipsoidal bawah
=¼ × ID
=0,722 m
Ht =H + He atas + He bawah
=14,081 m
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Kolom Destilasi-01
Alat Kode KD-01
Jenis Tray Column
Jumlah 1 unit
Operasi Kontinu
Fungsi Memisahkan produk sikloheksanon dari fenol
DATA DESAIN
Top Bottom
Tekanan 1,4 atm 2,5 Atm
o o
Temperatur 155 C 205 C
KOLOM
Tinggi kolom 14,0810 m
Umpan masuk Stage ke-14
Total tray 24 tray
Stainless steel
304
Material
Top Bottom
Diameter 3,0361 m 2,8879 m
244
1. Data Desain
Temperatur, T = 55 C
Laju alir, ms = 10061,4736 kg/jam = 22181,6767 lb/jam
Densitas fluida, = 1044,3046 kg/m3 = 65,1938 lb/ft3
245
= 6,2378 ft3/min
= 0,1041 ft3/s
= 46,6618 gal/min
ID : 3,068 in = 0,2557 ft
OD : 3,5 in = 0,2917 ft
a” : 0,051 ft2 = 7,3872 in2
0,1040 ft 3 /s
=
0,0513 ft 2
= 2,0266 ft/s
= 7295,6391 ft/jam
V2 2,0266 ft/s 2
=
2 gc 2 .32,1740 ft.lb/lbf. s 2
= 0,0638 ft. lbf/lb
D .V .
Reynold Number, NRe =
=
0,2557 ft. 7295,6391 ft/hr 65,1938 lb/ft 3
7,6154 lb/ft. hr
= 15968,0230
Material yang digunakan untuk konstruksi pipa adalah Commercial Steel Pipe
Dari fig. 14-1 (Peters, M.S. dan K.D. Timmerhaus, 1991), diperoleh :
Equivalent roughness, = 0,0002 ft
247
= 0,0002 ft
D 0,2557 ft
= 0,0006
Pada NRe = 31778,1414 dan ε/D = 0,0006, dari fig. 14-1 (Peters, M.S. dan K.D.
Timmerhaus, 1991), diperoleh :
fanning factor, f = 0,004
Perhitungan suction friction loss
Skin friction loss, Hfs
4 f Le V 2
H x (Ismail, S., 1999)
fs D 2 gc
Equivalent length dari fitting dan valve diperoleh dari Tabel II.1 Alat Industri
Kimia (Ismail, S., 1999):
Elbow 90o std : 32
Gate valve :7
Tee : 90
Jadi equivalent length dari fitting dan valve = 1 elbow 90o std = 32
L = Ls + (Lfitting. ID)
= 19,6850 ft + (32 x 0,2557 ft)
= 27,8664 ft
Maka :
4 f Le V 2
H
fs D 2g c
= 0,0786 ft.lbf/lb
Sudden Contraction Friction Loss, Hfc
Kc
H V2 (Peters, M.S. dan K.D. Timmerhaus, 1991)
fc 2α
Didapatkan :
A1 = Luas penampang 1 = 0,0513 ft2
A2 = Luas penampang 2 = 0,0513 ft2
= 1 untuk aliran turbulent
248
A2/A1 = 0
Jika A2/A1 < 0,75, maka Kc = 0,4 (1,25 - A2/A1)
Jika A2/A1 > 0,75, maka Kc = 0,75 (1 - A2/A1)
Maka :
Kc = 0,75 (1 - A2/A1 )
=0
Kc
H V2
fc 2α
= 0 ft.lbf/lb
Fitting dan Valve Friction Loss, Hff
V2
H Kf x
ff 2 gc
(Ismail, S., 1999)
Nilai Kf diperoleh dari Tabel II.2 Alat Industri Kimia, (Ismail, S., 1999):
Elbow 90o std : 0,9
Gate valve : 0,2
Tee : 1,8
jadi nilai Kf = 1 elbow 90o std + 0 gate valve + 0 tee
= 1 (0,9) + 0 (0,2) + 0 (1,8)
= 0,9
V2
H Kf
ff 2 gc
= 0,0574 ft.lbf/lb
Total Suction Friction Loss, Hf suc
Hf suc = Hfs + Hfc + Hff
= (0,0786 + 0 + 0,0574) ft . lbf/lb
= 0,1361 ft. lbf/lb
A VP-01
T-01 C
B
P-01
Pb Pa g Va 2 Vb 2
= + ( Za Zb) + - Hf
gc 2 g
Pb
= 32,4604 ft.lbf/lb + 6,5617 ft.lbf/lb + 0 ft.lbf/lb – 0,1361 ft.lbf/lb
= 38,8860 ft.lbf/lb
Pb = 38,8860 ft.lbf/lb × 65,1938 lb/ft3
= 2535,1269 lbf/ft2
= 17,6050 psi
Perhitungan Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
Vapor Pressure Corection, Hp uap
Puap
Hp uap =
12,4889 lbf/ft 2
=
65,1938 lb/ft 3
= 0,1916 ft.lbf/lb
Total NPSH = Hsuc - Hp uap
= (38,8860 – 0,1916) ft.lbf/lb
= 38,6944 ft.lbf/lb
0,1040 ft 3 /s
=
0,0332 ft 2
= 3,1295 ft/s
= 11266,2940 ft/hr
V2 3,1295 ft/s 2
=
2 gc 2 32,174 ft.lb/lbf. s 2
= 0,1522 ft.lbf/lb
251
D .V .
Reynold Number, NRe =
4 f L V 2
H x
fs D 2 gc
(Ismail, S., 1999)
Equivalent length dari fitting dan valve diperoleh dari Tabel II.1 Alat Industri
Kimia (Ismail, S., 1999):
Elbow 90o std : 32
Gate Valve :7
Tee : 90
Jadi equivalent length dari fitting dan valve
= 47,4167 ft
Maka,
4 f Le V 2
H
fs D 2g c
= 0,3987 ft.lbf/lb
Sudden Contraction Friction Loss, Hfc
Kc
H V2 (Peters, M.S. dan K.D. Timmerhaus, 1991)
fc 2α
Didapatkan :
A1 = Luas penampang 1 = 0,0332 ft2
A2 = Luas penampang 2, = 0,0332 ft2
= 1 untuk aliran turbulen
A2/A1 =1
Jika A2/A1 < 0,75, maka Kc = 0,4 (1,25 - A2/A1)
Jika A2/A1 > 0,75, maka Kc = 0,75 (1 - A2/A1)
Maka :
Kc = 0,75 (1 - A2/A1)
=0
Hfc = 0,136 ft. lbf/lb
Fitting dan Valve Friction Loss, Hff
V2
H Kf x (Peters, M.S. dan K.D. Timmerhaus, 1991)
ff 2 gc
Nilai Kf diperoleh dari Tabel II.2 Alat Industri Kimia (Ismail, S., 1999):
Elbow 90o std : 0,9
Gate valve : 0,2
Tee : 1,8
Jadi nilai Kf = 2 elbow 90o std + 1 gate valve + 0 tee
= 2 (0,9) + 1 (0,2) + 0 (1,8)
=2
253
V2
H Kf x
ff 2 gc
= 0,3044 ft. lbf/lb
A VP-01
T-01 C
B
P-01
= 1 lbf/lb × 29,5276 ft
= 29,5276 ft.lbf/lb
Pressure head, Hp :
Pd = 1,497 atm = 21,9998 psi = 3167,9765 lbf/ft2
254
2
Pd 3167,9765 lbf/ft
=
25,7400 lb/ft 3
= 123,0760 ft.lbf/lb
Velocity head, Hv
Vc – Vd =0
Hv = 0 ft. lbf/lb
Maka :
Pc Pd g Vc2 Vd 2
Zc Zd Hf
gc 2 g
Pc Pd g Vd 2 Vc 2
= + ( Zd Zc) + - Hf
gc 2 g
Pc
= Hp + Hs + Hvs - Hfdis
Pc
= (123,0760 + 29,5276 + 0 + 0,7031 )ft.lbf/lb
Pc
= 151,9005 ft.lbf/lb
Pc = 151,9005 ft.lbf/lb × 65,1938 lb/ft3
= 9902,9689 lbf/ft2
= 68,7706 psi
Effisiensi Pompa,
Kapasitas pompa, Qf = 46,6618 gal/min
Efisiensi pompa diperoleh dari fig. 14-37 (Peters, M.S. dan K.D. Timmerhaus,
1991) diperoleh:
Effisiensi pompa, = 57 %
Break Horse Power (BHP)
Persamaan Bernoulli :
P V 2
Ws = Z H f (Peters, M.S. dan K.D. Timmerhaus, 1991)
2 gc
= 113,0144 ft.lbf/lb
m f Ws
BHP =
p
BHP = (406,6641 lb/min x 113,0144 ft. lbf/lb ): 0,57
BHP = 80629,6743 ft.lbf/min = 2,4433 hp
Required Driver
Dari fig. 14-38, (Peters, M.S. dan K.D. Timmerhaus, 1991), pada BHP = 0,455
hp didapat effisiensi motor = 82,5 %
BHP 2,4433
MHP =
Effisiensi motor 0,8250
= 2,9616 hp
256
Ringkasan Perhitungan
Suction Discharge
3 2,5
NPS, in
40 TS, 40 S 40 TS, 40 S
SN
3,0680 2,4690
ID, in
3,5 2,8750
OD, in
6 10
LS, m
2,0266 3,1295
Velocity,ft/s
0,1361 0,7031
Total friction loss, ft. lbf/lb
90,4480 68,7706
Tekanan operasi, psi
NPSH, ft. lbf/lb 38,6944
Required motor driver, Hp 2,9616
Jumlah 2 buah (1 cadangan)
Bahan Carbon Steel
Dari perhitungan yang sama maka untuk pompa selanjutnya dihitung
dengan cara analog dengan perhitungan pompa P-01
257
Suction Discharge
258
NPS, in 3 3
SN 40 TS, 40 S 40 TS, 40 S
ID, in 3,068 3,068
OD, in 3,5 3,5
LS, m 6 20
Velocity,ft/s 2,415 2,415
Total friction loss, ft. lbf/lb 0,1933 0,372
Tekanan operasi, psi 21,9998 29,3919
NPSH, ft. lbf/lb 60,551
Required motor driver, Hp 3,4323
Jumlah 2 buah (1 cadangan)
Bahan Carbon Steel
Suction Discharge
3 2,5
NPS, in
40 TS, 40 S 40 TS, 40 S
SN
3,068 2,469
ID, in
3,5 2,875
OD, in
6 20
LS, m
2,671 4,125
Velocity,ft/s
0,2364 1,459
Total friction loss, ft. lbf/lb
22,8245 34,4072
Tekanan operasi, psi
NPSH, ft. lbf/lb 22,925
Required motor driver, Hp 3,1391
Jumlah 2 buah (1 cadangan)
Bahan Carbon Steel
Gambar :
Suction Discharge
3 2,5
NPS, in
40 TS, 40 S 40 TS, 40 S
SN
3,068 3,068
ID, in
3,5 3,5
OD, in
6 10
LS, m
0,014 0,014
Velocity,ft/s
0,00003427 0,00005735
Total friction loss, ft. lbf/lb
39,6571 57,2155
Tekanan operasi, psi
NPSH, ft. lbf/lb 86,950
Required motor driver, Hp 0,01013
Jumlah 2 buah (1 cadangan)
Bahan Carbon Steel
261
Suction Discharge
3 2,5
NPS, in
40 TS, 40 S 40 TS, 40 S
SN
3,068 2,469
ID, in
3,5 2,875
OD, in
4 18
LS, m
0,014 0,021
Velocity,ft/s
0,0000265641 0,0000745452
Total friction loss, ft. lbf/lb
44,0879 51,4358
Tekanan operasi, psi
262
Suction Discharge
263
NPS, in 3 3
SN 40 TS, 40 S 40 TS, 40 S
ID, in 3,068 2,469
OD, in 3,5 2,875
LS, m 4 5
Velocity,ft/s 2,336 3,607
Total friction loss, ft. lbf/lb 0,1459 0,894
Tekanan operasi, psi 29,3919 36,7399
NPSH, ft. lbf/lb 78,388
Required motor driver, Hp 0,6467
Jumlah 2 buah (1 cadangan)
Bahan Carbon Steel