Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) &

Indian Building Congress (IBC)

Workshop on
National Building Code 2016

‘Construction Management Practices and Safety’

New Delhi
Vigyan Bhavan, 21 February 2018

Jose Kurian,
Convener, Panel for Plain, Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete
National Building Code 2016
Contents
•Section 1 Construction Management
•Section 2 Construction Planning and Site
Management
•Section 3 Construction Practices
•Section 4 Safety in Construction
•Section 5 Repairs, Retrofitting and
Strengthening Of Buildings
•Section 6 Habitat and Welfare Requirements
for Workers
•
Construction Project
• Non-Recurring Task
• Definable Beginning and End
• Definite Mission/ Set Objectives

Construction Project Management

Application of knowledge, skills, tools & techniques to
achieve the objectives of a defined project with the aim to
ensure that a project is completed within:

• The scheduled time,

• Authorized cost and
• To the requirement of quality standards.
Project Lifecycle
• Project formulation and appraisal – Inception, feasibility and
strategic planning;
• Project development – Project brief development, planning and
design, finalization of proposals, procurement strategy, construction
documentation including tender drawings, working drawings,
specifications, cost estimates, bills of quantities, procurement documents;
• Planning for construction – Sequencing of project components,
planning tools, resource planning and time cost trade off;
• Tender action – Open competitive bidding/pre-qualification of
agencies, issue of tender documents, evaluation of bids, negotiation if
required and award of work;
• Construction – Execution, monitoring, control, work acceptance; and
• Commissioning and handing over – Contractual closeout, financial
closeout, defect liability commencement, facility handing over.
 % COMPLETE

PROJECT FORMULATION
ANDAPPRAISAL

PROJECT
DEVELOPMENT

PLANNING FOR
CONSTRUCTION

TENDER

TIME
ACTION

CONSTRUCTION
Construction Project Lifecycle

COMPLETION AND
HANDING OVER
Construction Project Delivery Models

•Traditional design-bid-build,
• Design-build with variants,
• Turn-key and
• Build, operate and transfer and its variants.
Construction Methodologies and Techniques

• Conventional,
• Prefabrication,
• Systems Building Approach,
• Mixed/Composite Construction,
• Mechanization In Construction and
• Other Innovative Technologies,
Stakeholders

Actively involved and having interest in the success of the

project

Owner / Client

Project Manager

Consultant

Construction Agency

User
Construction Project Organization
Owner/Client

Project
Manager

Construction
Consultant
Agency

Elect./Mech.
Planning Design Civil Work
Work

Quantity Other
Services
Survey Services

Others
 Pre-Construction Stages
Project Development
Formalization of Design Brief Decision on Const. Methodology
Site Survey and Soil Investigation Preliminary Cost Estimate

Hazard Risk Vulnerability Analysis Detail Design of each Discipline

Alternative Concept Designs, Costing Construction Working Drawings and

& Finalization related Specifications

Preliminary Design & Drawing Detailed Cost Estimate

Each Discipline Design Development Detailed Specifications & Bill of

& Integration Quantities

Obtaining Statutory Approvals Tender Document

Planning for Construction

Sequencing of Project Components

Planning Tools
 Work-Break-Down Structure (WBS)
 Bar Charts
 Network Techniques and Scheduling
Resource Planning
 Resource Allocation
 Resource Leveling
 Resource Schedule
Time Cost Trade-off
Tender Action
Finalization of Tender Document (NIT)
Call of Competitive Bids
Open Bids
Limited Bids
Bid Evaluation
Negotiation
Award of Work
 Construction Project Management

Scope Management

Procurement Management

Time Management

Cost Management

Quality Management

Risk Management

Communication Management

Human Resource Management

Safety, Health Management

Sustainalbility Management

Integration Management

Other Management Processes
 Scope Management
Scope monitoring and change control are critical to the
construction stage in order to control time and cost
overrun

Scope Planning

Scope Definition

Scope Verification

Scope Monitoring

Change Control
 Procurement Management

Identification of Procurement needs

Preparation for Procurement

Soliciting Proposals

Selection of Supplier/Consultant/ Contractor

Administering of Contract

Contract Management

Closure of Contract
 Cost Management
Aims to complete the project in the
authorized Budget

Cost estimation & budgeting

Cost monitoring & control
Periodical cost reporting
Comparison of actual and planned cost
Control of Cost changes and corrective actions

Forecast of final completion cost

Modification of cost line

Preparation of revised estimates
 Quality Management

Aims to achieve required functional and physical

characteristics of the constructed facility.

Quality Planning
Development of an efficient Quality system

Quality Assurance
Receiving Stage
In-process Stage
Final Stage

Quality Control
Receiving Stage
In-process Stage
Final Stage

Identification & elimination of non-conformity
 Risk Management

Aims to reduce the impact of project risks on the

objectives of the project

Risk responsive scheduling of project

Identification & classification of risk activities

Risk level analysis

Risk probability analysis

Identification of risk mitigation measures

Planning of risk impact mitigation activities
Communication Management

Development of system

Identification of data

Collection of data

Verification of data

Sorting, filtration & isolation of data

Storage of data

Conversion of data into information

Report generation

Communication
Human Resource Management

Classification of HR Requirement

Development of HR Requirement Schedule

Identification of source

Procurement

Training

Motivational aspects

Identification of HR loss and corrective measures
 Health, Safety Management

Health hazards and preventive measures

Implementation of safety regulations / provisions

Education & training to workers

Publicity of safety requirements

Regular machinery/equipment inspection

Regular safety audits

Insurance

Post accident analysis and corrective measures
HS- Hazard Analysis and Prevention Planning

Identification of Safety and Health Challenges

Work Specification Requirements

Management Systems Requirements

Safety and Health Management Performance
Indicator

Requirement for Enabling Works

Physical Infrastructure

Work Environment Constraints

Preventive Measures for High Risk Construction
Areas
HS-Management System Requirements

Policy, Objective and Target

Management Commitment

Organization Structure

Roles, Responsibility and Authority

System Integration

Statutory Requirements for HSE

Project Specific Health & Safety Plan

Project Safety & Health Rules and Regulations
Safety Health Management Requirements at Site

Site Layout

Access

Circulation

Emergency Access

Access Controls

Security System against Sabotage and Pilferage

Project Facilities for Labour

Identification

Accommodation & Transportation

Drinking Water, Toilet, Canteen, Crèche etc.

Rest Shelter, First Aid/Dispensary/Emergency Facilities

Community Welfare
 HS- Capacity Building

Induction Training

HS Awareness Program

Training for Communicative Skills

Training for Usages of Personal Protective
Equipment

Construction Worker Behavioral Analysis

Need Based Tailor-made training Programs
HS- Performance Monitoring and Improvement

Health and Safety Management Audits

Walk-Around Audits

Third Party Inspections

Safety Statistics

Deficiency Reporting

Analysis of Accidents

Corrective and Improvement Action

Efficacy Assessment of Corrective Actions
 Integration Management

Aims to ensure that the various organizational teams

perform in an integrated manner, with their actions
coordinated to the mutual interests towards the
project.

Clearly defining of responsibility

Formation of coordination groups/committees

Resolving the conflicts and competing interests

Proper integration of group output
Sustainability Management
• Minimizing adverse environmental impact of
activities, products and services.
• Limiting any adverse impact within the
laws/prescribed norms and their monitoring.
• Safety of environment while working with
hazardous materials and maintaining
material safety data sheets.
• Management of disposal of waste from the
construction sites.
• Considering positive environmental
contribution particularly after completion of
construction.
• Mechanism to review concerns of interested
parties.
 Other Management Issues

Steady increase of global population, awareness,

vested interests, rapid depletion of natural resources
etc. require the Project Manager to address many
other issues such as

Energy Management

Social Security Management

Gender Equlaity Manaagaemnt
 Time Management

Need of Time Management

Project Time Determination

Time Planning Process

Time Monitoring Process

Based on Weightage Concept

Earned Value Management Technique

Time Control Process

Time Cost Trade-off
 Need forTime Management
Need for Time management of the project generates
from

Date specific project completion

Sub project of a large dependent project

Availability of resources

Match the time frame of user

Control the direction and organization of project
functions

Co-ordinate the activities and responsibilities of
stake holders
 Project Time Determination

The determination of the optimum Project Time is

based on

Past experience of similar project

Time constraints laid down by stake holders

Availability of resources

Work Activities time durations

Environmental constraints
 Types of Projects
Approach to time management depends on the nature
and complexities of project

Building Projects Long Duration Projects

Infrastructure Projects Medium Duration Projects
Industrial Projects Short Duration Projects
Other Projects Special Short Duration Proj.
Mega Value Projects Fast track Projects
Large Value Projects Normal Pace Projects
Medium Value Projects
Small Value Projects
 Time Management
Aims to complete the project in the stipulated time
period

Defining Project Scope in WBS

Activity identification and listing

Activity duration estimation

Activity sequencing with interactivity dependency

Project schedule development

Project schedule monitoring & control
Time Planning Process
 Baseline Schedule/Bar Charts/
Gantt Charts/ Network Diagrams
from Time Planning
Time Monitoring Process
Communicating
monthly/ weekly Targets Preparation of Planned
Resources Curves and
"S Curves" for Project WBS

Site Collection of data from site

Execution execution teams through
Works Daily, Weekly & Monthly
Progress Reports

Generation of MIS
reports

Updated Schedule with Planned vs Actual Planned vs Actual "S

Actuals & Revised Resource deployment Curves" & Variance
dates for Start & Finish & Productivity Analysis

Communicating the
Status reports
Compelled Project Status
Report for Time Control
Time Control process
 Time Monitoring – Weightage Concept

Each activity is assigned a percent weightage based on

Importance of work activity

Tentative cost

Level of required effort

Cumulative weightage of all activities is plotted on
time scale to generate the S-Curve

Planned and Actual Metric of S-Curve is used for time
monitoring
 Time Baseline-Actual Progress
Baseline Vs Actual Progress
100%
Y Axis- Project % Progress

Baseline Monthly Plan

Actual Progress Monthly
80%
Baseline Plan Cumulative
Actual Progress Cumulative
60%

40%

20% Horizontal Shift - Time Delay Vertical Gap - Progress Shortfall

0%
Month-11
Month-1

Month-2

Month-3

Month-4

Month-5

Month-6

Month-7

Month-8

Month-9

Month-10

Month-12

Month-13

Month-14

Month-15

Month-16

Month-17

Month-18
X Axis - Project Timeline
 0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
M o n th -1
M o n th -2
M o n th -3
M o n th -4
M o n th -5
Baseline Plan Cumulative

Catch up Plan Cumulative

Actual Progress Cumulative

M o n th -6
M o n th -7
M o n th -8
M o n th -9
M o n th -1 0
M o n th -1 1
Catch up Plan

M o n th -1 2
M o n th -1 3
Time Catch-up Plan

M o n th -1 4
M o n th -1 5
M o n th -1 6
M o n th -1 7
M o n th -1 8
Time Monitoring – EVM Technique

Integrates the Scope, Schedule & Cost of Project

Basic elements are

Planned Value (Budgeted cost of work schedule)

Actual Cost of work performed

Earned Value (Budgeted cost of work performed)

Cost Variance (Earned value – Actual cost)

Indicates the Health of Project
 EVM Graph

CV
Cost

AC(ACWP)
SV

PV(BCWS)
Progress
EV(BCWP) Review

Time
Schedule & Cost Performance Index Graph
1.2
CPI Cost Perf. Index (CPI)= BCWP
SPI ACWP
"GOOD"

1.1 Sched. Perf. Index (SPI) = BCWP

BCWS

1
CPI
"BAD"

0.9 SPI

0.8
 Time-Cost Tradeoff

A Process to reduce the project duration with a

minimum increase in the project direct cost

Identification of All the Paths of Network where
Balance Path Duration > Crashed Project Duration

Identification of activities with minimum Time-Cost
Slope

Shortening of selected activities

Rescheduling of Activities / Network

Calculation of Crashed Project Duration / Cost
 Time-Cost Slope
Crash Crash
Point Cost
Normal
Point
Cost

Normal
Cost

Duration
Crash Time Normal Time
Need for Safety
• Why safety is needed in construction ? & Why we are talking
about to spread the construction safety awareness ?
• Because it cost more than we realize
Consequences
• Moral Responsibility
Prevent suffering and maintain quality of life
No-one should be expected to risk life and limb in return for a
contract of employment 
• Legal Responsibility, The Building & Other Construction Workers
Act 1996
• Failures can lead to:
Enforcement notices
Prosecution
Civil actions for compensation 
• Economical Responsibility
• Direct and Indirect loss
Direct & Indirect Losses
1.Production loss
2.Material, plant. Building
damage,
3.legal cost
4.Fine to be paid to the client
5.Expenditure on emergency
operations such as finding the
drowned body etc
6.Cleaning the site
7.Cost of putting the things in
order
8.Cost of production delay
9.Effect on subsequent process
10.Cost of overtime to complete
the order
11.Loss time of co-workers
12.Loss of supervisory time
13.Cost of police
14.Diverted clerical efforts for
dealing with Govt.
authorities 15.Legal cost
16.Loss of expertise
17.Transportation cost of injured
person, dead body etc.
18.Loss of business, goodwill,
name of the company
Case Study I

• Date of Accident : October 2004

• Day :Sunday
• Time :15.30 hour
• Name : Mr. XYZ Designation :Erection Foreman
• Age : 45 years
Description
• The erection of gantry cranewas in progress.
• Two beams of 11.5mX1.5mX0.75m weighing about 6 tonnes were lying on
concrete sleepers. Out of two beams one beam was lying on sleeper in
horizontal position. The other beam was in vertical position and was to be
positioned to make the alignment with first beam. Slings were placed around
the vertical beam.
• Mr.XYZ went up the beam to adjust the sling.He adjusted the sling and stood
in between the two beams.
• In the mean time some one gave signal to the Crane operator to lift the
beam. The Crane operator lifted the beam byabout 4mm up its position.
During that operation beams swayed towards the first beam and Mr.XYZ was
caught between the two beams.
• On hearing the scream, the crane operator placed the beam back on its
original position. Mr. XYZ got up and tried to get out of two beams but he
stumbled and fell down on sleepers, got injury near left eyebrow.
• He was taken to hospital. He was declared dead on arrival.
Cost
• Loss of execution for one day –Rs.20,00,000/-
• Payment made on humanity ground to Mr. XYZ’s family by company
– Rs.20,000/-
• Payment made on humanity ground to Mr. XYZ’s family by
contractor – Rs.10,000/-
• Family traveling expenses –Rs.5000/-,
• Seven cranes were stopped for work, for inspection testing etc. –
Rs.10,00,000/-
• Two days slackness in the work –Rs.7,00,000/-
• Payment to be made to client –Rs. 1,00,000/-
• Police enquiry faced by contractor’s people –Rs. 25,000/-
• Mediclaim amount. Accident Death Cover Amount Voluntary
contribution by employees for the family.
Cost of the following items is tremendous
but cannot be calculated:
• Company management has to face enquiry at 3 places of client.
• Mental torture to the team for 5 days
• Moral of the entire team was down for how many days?
• Loss of a good head of erection team.
Case Study II
• Date of Accident: 19thJuly, 2013
• Day: Friday
• Time:13.20 hour
• Designation the persons died :Outsider –Tea Stall Vendor
• Age: 32 years
Description
• HDD Pilot has broken the inflammable gas pipe line at a depth of
4.2 meter, and gas leakage has started.
• This has affected the surrounding area. The gas was ignited due to
burning flame in stove in nearby tea stall trolley. This has resulted in
a burst of fire because of which the tea stall vendor and Helper
suffered burn injuries.
• They were rushed to nearest hospital. The Tea Stall vendor died
due to 90 percent burn injury after 3 days and helper was still under
treatment.
• In the fire 3 vehicles (01 Wagon R, 01 Scooter and 01 Motorcycle)
parked nearby were also burnt.
Cost
• Loss of execution for one month –Rs.30,00,000/-
• Payment made to Mr. XYZ’s family by company – Rs. 1,00,000/-
• Payment made to Mr. XYZ’s family by contractor – Rs. 50,000/-
• Cost of Vehicle damage –Rs. 4,00,000/-
• Cost of Gas Pipe line repair –Rs 5,00,000/-
• Police enquiry faced by contractor’s people –Rs. 2,00,000/-
Intangible Cost
• Cost of the following items is tremendous but cannot be calculated:
1Company management had to face enquiry from (Gas Authority a
nd Police)
2.Mental torture to the team for 15 days. Engineer I/C Arrested for
15 days 3.Moral of the entire team was down for how many days?
4.Review and Change of Engineering Drawing, Design and Location
s of Working
Objectives
• To ensure that all workplaces are safe and without risk of injury to
the safety and health of workers;
• To protect persons present at or in the vicinity of a construction site
from all risks which may arise from such site.
• Preventing accidents, Diseases and Harmful effects
• Ensuring appropriate designing and implementation of
construction projects
Framework
• Governance
• Regulation
• Enforcement
• Legal
• Administrative
• Technical
• Educational
• Training
• Certification
• Research
Process
• Safety,
• Health
• Working conditions,
• Construction processes,
• Activities,
• Technologies
• Operations
• Planning,
• Control
• Enforcement
General Safety Requirements for Workplace

• Sanitation
• Fire Protection
• Clothing
• Safety Measures Against Fall Prevention
• Falling Materials Hazard Prevention
• Construction Machinery
Safety of workplaces
• Means of access and egress
• Housekeeping
• Precautions against the fall of materials and persons, and collapse
of structures
• Prevention of unauthorised entry
• Fire prevention and fire fighting
• Lighting
Construction Phase

• Organizational Structure
• Site Management
• Access for firefighting equipment vehicles
• Access to the upper floors during construction
• Electrical installations
• Construction Strategy and Construction Sequence
• Availability of resources (men, material and equipment);
• Construction methods employed including prefabrication;
• Planned construction time;
• Design requirements and load transfer mechanism;
• Stability of ground like in hilly terrain;
• Ensuring slope stability with retaining structure before the main construction;
• Installation and movement of heavy equipment like cranes and piling equipment;
• Effect of weather; and
• Minimum time to be spent on working below ground level.
 Construction Practices
• Professional Services and Responsibilities
• Site Preparation
• Habitat for Construction Workers at Site
• Construction of All Elements
• Low Income Housing
• Use of New/Alternative Construction Techniques
• Urban Roads/City Roads Planning and Construction
Temporary Works

• Temporary works are the parts of a construction project

that are needed to enable the permanent works to be
built. access, scaffolds, props, shoring, excavation support,
false work. formwork, etc.
• Scaffolding
• Tower Cranes
• Falsework
• Formwork
• Trench Support
Storage, Stacking And Handling Practices
• Planning and Storage Layout
• Protection Against Atmospheric Agencies
• Manual Handling
• Storage, Stacking and Handling of Materials
• Cement
• Lime, Asphalt
• Masonry Units
• Floors, Wall and Roof Tiles
• Aggregate
• Pulverized Fuel Ash/Fly Ash/Silica
• Cinder
• Timber
• Bamboo
• Steel
• Aluminium Sections, Sanitory appliances
• Roofing Materials, Plastic Matereials, Paints,Glass Sheets, Pipes,
• Flameable Materials
Safety In Demolition Of Buildings
• Planning
• Precautions Prior to Demolition
• Precautions During Demolition
• Sequence of Demolition Operations
• Walls
• Flooring
• Demolition of Steel Structures
• Catch Platform
• Stairs, Passageways and Ladders
• Mechanical Demolition
• Demolition of Certain Special Types and Elements of Structures
• Miscellaneous
Areas
• Building, including excavation
• Construction,
• Structural alteration,
• Renovation, Repair, Maintenance (including cleaning and
painting) and
• Demolition of all types of buildings or structures;
 Areas
• Civil engineering, including excavation and the construction,
structural alteration, repair, maintenance and demolition of:
• Airports,
• Docks, harbours, inland waterways,
• Dams, river and avalanche and sea defence works
• Roads and highways,
• Railways,
• Bridges,
• Tunnels, viaducts and
• Works related to the provision of services such as communications,
• Drainage, sewerage,
• Water and energy supplies;
Areas

• The erection and dismantling of:

• prefabricated buildings and structures,
• manufacturing of prefabricated elements on the construction site.
Scaffolds and ladders
• Materials
• Design and construction
• Inspection and maintenance
• Lifting appliances on scaffolds
• Prefabricated scaffolds
• Use of scaffolds
• Suspended scaffolds
Lifting appliances and gear
• Lifting appliances and gear
• Hoists
• Derricks Stiff-leg derricks
• Guy derricks
• Gin poles
• Tower cranes
• Lifting ropes
Transport, earth-moving and
materials-handling equipment
• Power shovels, excavators
• Bulldozers
• Scrapers
• Mobile asphalt layers and finishers
• Pavers
• Road rollers
Plant, machinery, equipment and hand tools

• Hand tools
• Pneumatic tools
• Cartridge-operated tools
• Electrical tools
• Woodworking machines
Plants
• Silos
• Concrete work equipments
• Pressure plant
• Conveyors
• Crusher plants
• Power generators
Excavations, shafts, earthworks,
underground works and tunnels

• Excavations
• Underground construction
• Drilling
Transport, storage and handling of explosives

• Blasting
• Haulage
Repairs, Retrofitting and Strengthening Of Buildings

• Maintenance Management
• Prevention of Cracks
Repairs and Seismic Strengthening of Buildings

• General Principles and Concepts

• Structural Repairs/Restoration
• Seismic Strengthening
• Seismic Retrofitting
• Strengthening or Retrofititng Versus Reconstruction
Habitat and Welfare Requirements for Workers

• Habitat site selection criteria;

• Area requirements for the various facilities of the habitat;
• Design of the habitat including the construction materials;
• Specifications of living area, height of the rooms, windows and doors, ventilation;
• Specification and requirements for kitchen and other sanitary facilities, such as toilets,
bathrooms, etc;
• Fire and safety requirements;
• First aid and medical requirements;
• Crèches;
• Habitat operation and maintenance;
• Security;
• Recreational facilities;
• Waste management;
• Habitat inspection and monitoring; and
• Other facilities.
Thank you..
 IS 15883:2009
Construction Project Management

Part 1 – General
Part 2 – Time Management
Part 3 – Cost Management
Part 4 – Quality Management
Part 5 – Safety and Health Management
Construction Planning and Site Management

• Construction planning aspects aim to identify and develop various

stages of project execution on site which should be consistent with
the management considerations. Planning aspects evolve out of the
objectives of project and requirements of the final completed
constructed facility. These objectives could relate to the time
constraints, cost considerations, quality standards, safety standards,
environmental considerations and health considerations.
Construction practices would, then have to satisfy these objectives
during construction phase of the project
Health and Safety Management Requirements

• Health and Safety policy

• Project specific Health and safety planning
• Resources, roles, responsibility and authority
• Competence, training and awareness
• Health and safety communication
• Health and safety reporting
• Operation control
• Permit to work systems
• Design and engineering
• Certification of plant and machinery, lifting tools and tackles
Health and Safety Management Requirements

• Subcontractor management
• Fire prevention and control
• Access control
• Safety of visitors
• Traffic and logistics management
• Performance monitoring and improvement
• Reward and reprimand
• Promoting positive health and safety culture
• Integration with other management systems.
• Preconstruction Phase During the design stage, the site conditions should
be fully understood with anticipated difficulties and avoid the risk of
subsequent delays and changes after the construction has started.
• The selection of construction methods, building systems and materials,
components, manpower and equipment and techniques
• Construction in busy localities of cities needs special considerations and
meticulous planning due to restricted space, adjoining structures,
underground utilities, traffic restrictions, noise and environmental pollution
• The constructability aspects of the proposed construction methods needs to
be carefully evaluated
• Construction practices in hilly regions needs to take into considerations the
problem of landslides, slope stability, drainage, etc, besides ensuring no
adverse impact on the fragile environmental conditions.
• Durability of constructions in corrosive atmospheric conditions like
coastal regions and aggressive ground situations with high chlorides
and sulphates should also be taken care
• Construction practices in disaster prone areas need specific planning
• Adverse weather conditions have strong bearing on construction
phase
Construction Project Management
• A non-recurring task having a definable beginning and end,
with a definite mission and has a set of objectives and
achievements
• Construction project management refers to such project
management when applied to construction of built facility
• Project objectives may be defined in terms of scope, time,
cost and quality.
• Stakeholder- Owner/Client, Project Manager, Consultants,
Construction Agencies And Users
Construction Project Delivery Models

Traditional Design-Bid-Build Projects

Design-Build Projects

Turn-key Projects

Build-Operate-Transfer Projects

Variants and Combinations
Construction Methodologies/Techniques

Conventional Techniques

Prefabricated Construction

Mixed / Composite Approach

Mechanization in Construction

Other Innovative Technology

Selection based on Scope, Time, Cost, Quality

requirements.
Organizational Structures

Owner/client or
his
representative

Project
Manager

Consultant Construction
s agencies

Planning Design Quantity Services Other Civil works Electrical/ Other

Survey Consultant Mechanical services
s works
 Construction Project Stages

Project Appraisal
Inception
Feasibility
Strategic Planning

Pre-Construction Stage
Project Development
Planning for Construction
Tender Action

Construction

Completion & Hand Over
• Miscellaneous Items
• Finishes
• Fr
• Fragile Fixtures
• Electrical Installations and Lifts
 Construction Project Stages

Project Appraisal

Inception
Feasibility
Strategic Planning

Pre-Construction Stage
Project Development
Planning for Construction
Tender Action

Construction

Completion & Hand Over
Safety In Construction
• Safety Management
• Temporary Construction, Use of Side Walls and Temporary
Encroachments
• Testing
• Inspection and Rectification of Hazardous Defects
• Foundations
• General Requirements and Common Hazards During Excavation
• Piling and Other Deep Foundations
• Walls
• Common Hazards During Walling
• Roofing
• Additional Safety Requirements for Erection of Concrete Framed
Structures (High-Rise Buildings
Resource Planning

• Men
• Material
• Cash Flow