Activities to develop

Each student in the group has to answer the following questions using academic references to
support the research:

Determine 3 advantages and 2 disadvantages.

Advantage:

• Refraction of radio waves

The phenomenon of refraction is a phenomenon that is observed in all types of waves. In the
case of radio waves, refraction is especially important in the ionosphere, where there is a
continuous series of refractions that allow radio waves to travel from one point on the planet
to another.

• The speed of propagation of seismic waves depends on the density of the propagation
medium and, therefore, on the depth and composition of the region crossed by the waves.
Refraction phenomena occur in the following cases:

Refraction between the transition between two geological layers, especially between the
earth's mantle and the earth's core.

In the mantle, by small deviations of density between ascending layers less dense and
descending, more dense.

• Thanks to this you can see your image reflected in a mirror, on the surface of the water or on
the very bright floor. This is due to a phenomenon called light reflection.

Disadvantages:

• The words lost due to reflection are related to the characteristic impedances of each of the
media, a wave that is reflected on the surface of an armor.

• The loss of propagation is defined as the amount of signal that is lost in the space between
both reference points and in this interface directly reflection.

Explain what Snell's Law is for in the propagation of electromagnetic waves.

Snell's law consists of a formula that is used to achieve the calculation of the refractive angle
of light when it comes to the separation surface that exists between the media that have a
different refractive index. The law then explains that the product of the refractive index by the
sin of the angle of incidence is constant for any ray of light striking the surface of two media.

How is the total reflection of an electromagnetic wave achieved by colliding with a different
propagation medium?
The total reflection occurs when a wave is produced perpendicular to the boundary between a
lossless dielectric and a perfect conductor and occurs in a particular condition of the reflection
of the waves.

How is the total refraction of an electromagnetic wave achieved by colliding with a different
propagation medium?

To achieve total refraction depends on a specific angle, this angle is known as a Brewster angle
and an expression of the reflection coefficient TM is obtained as a function of the refractive
indexes:

What do you mean by polarization of electromagnetic waves?

Polarization is a phenomenon that can occur in electromagnetic waves, such as light, in the
electric field. This plane can be defined by two vectors, one of them parallel to the direction of
propagation of the wave and another perpendicular to that same direction which indicates the
direction of the electric field
4. In the following figure a 3m long vertical pole extends from the bottom of a swimming pool
to a point 50cm above the water. Sunlight is incident at angle 𝜃 = 60𝑜. What is the length of
the shadow of the pole on the level bottom of the pool?

See figure attached for my drawing.

n1 = 1 for air

n2 = 1.33 for water

sin(θ2) = (n1/n2) *sin(θ1)

3. The attempt at a solution

Since N2 > N1, we know that the beam bends towards the normal.

θ1 = 90° - 60° =30 °

θ2 = arcsin[(1/1.33) *sin(30°)) = 22.08°

From here, it's geometry:

Tan(60°) = X1 / 50cm

X1 = 0.86m

Tan(22.08°) = X2/2.5m

X2 = 1.01m

X = X1 + X2 = 0.86m+1.01m= 1.87m