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2012 International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]
position/pole sensor is the Hall element, but some Slot width bottom, wsb : The distance between start
motors use optical sensors.
point and end point of the slot opening at the
bottom.
A. Dimensions ofBLDC motor
Tooth width, W,t: The total width of the stator
teeth.
Back iron length, wt : The linear distance between
Stator outer
diameter the stator outer circumference and the stator inner
circumference.
Slot depth, d, : The maximum distance between the
mid-point of the start point and the mid-point end
point of the slot teeth.
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2012 International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]
(9)
Select number of Stator slots and phases
(10)
V3
The BLOC motor works on same principle as
used. However, Ie is taken leading to a
a DC motor i.e. armature current and magnetic field conservative design. Now using standard wire
are kept orthogonal to each other in space( B=900 gauge (SWG) table select a gauge with next higher
). Thus the force on one conductor in the BLDC diameter (De *) than what has obtained.
motor is given by,
A*-�(D*)2
-4
c
.A -
... - ns xA -
c ,
- ns xA *
ell ell c
(3) (18)
:. Torque on a conductor is given by, Aeu is area of copper in a slot. Now approximate
r: = B/c LR,;
(4) overhang length is calculated. It is assumed that
A tum consists of 2 conductors, one above winding overhang is equal to coil pitch.
north pole and other above south. Therefore torque 1 1
Ie 2n:(R" +"2d,) p
on one tum is
=
(19)
(5)
(20)
:. Torque on a coil with turns n s is given by,
D. Stator Slot Design
(6) It is considered that uniform tooth and
Each pole pair has to have all 3 phase coils. approximate the slot area as a trapezoid as shown
Therefore total number of coils per phase is equal in Fig 2.
to no. of pole pairs. A full pitch winding (SPP=I ) The slot area can be calculated as follows
is used to get square mmf wave. Aeu
:. Torque per phase is given by, AS =
Kjil/
(21)
(7)
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2012 International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]
The slot fill factor takes care of insulation in �oss = 21s 2 Rph
the slot as well as all the approximations that are
_CII
(38)
made while choosing slot area as trapezoid. Using Core loss:
this area the various dimensions shown in Fig I and As compared to copper losses, core losses
Fig 2 can be calculated as follows: are very difficult to calculate as they consist of
hysteresis and eddy current losses which vary
(22) nonlinearly with frequency and magnetic flux
2JrRSI . density. Fortunately manufacturers provide
r • S 1 ot PItch (23)
S '
= __
. w ---
B, �ossJore =coreloss / kg(fe,Bmax)xw'la,or
(39)
t - � r·w - s -wt
s' sb-r
Bmax
• •
(25)
v. MAGNET SOFTWARE AND
The area of the trapezoid is the slot area.
DESIGN STEPS
I
.'. A, = "2 (WSI + wsb) xd,
(26) MagNet is the most advanced package
2Jr(Rs i + ds) (27) currently available for modeling electromagnetic
I
_
W W
,,- NS devices on a personal computer. It provides a
"virtual laboratory" in which the user can create
Substitute Wst in As and solve the quadratic models from magnetic materials and coils, view
equation obtained to get "ds "and "Wst ".The displays in the form of field plots and graphs, and
get numerical values for quantities such as flux
maximum flux that the stator back iron has to carry
linkage and force. A MagNet user needs only an
is half the pole flux.
elementary knowledge of magnetic concepts to
1 2JrR. B JrR
LB =wLB b �wb =_g si model existing devices, modify designs, and test
g l max i B
--_
." ___
2 P P max
new ideas.
MagNet is designed as a full 3D-modeling
(28) tool for solving static magnetic field and eddy
Actually pole flux density profile is
current problems. Many devices can be represented
trapezoidal in nature. Here it is assumed to be same
very well by 20 models, so MagNet offers the
all along the pole pitch.
option of 20 modeling, with a substantial saving in
(29) computing resources and solution time. With 2D
This fixes all the dimensions of the machine. Now models, MagNet can also handle problems with
the weight of the motor is calculated. automated design optimization and provides
Rotor: thermal simulations and vibration analysis in
addition.
- ltL1)�o 2L
Vrotor - (30)
A. Modelingflow chart
w"Olor = D"ee' X Vro1or (31)
Step 1
'----_--"
Windings: Edit the co� propertlllS
(35)
WCll = Dcu xVrotor ----c: Modify the mesh edge subdNisions
Step 5
Overall weight: Modify the element edge ren�lh
Solve defaults
Clloose the sower options (Ot accepllhe
I
frame is not considered.
Step 7
-E View field pl ols
..
VieW and graph glob ! qUilAUiiS
Ind field lnir�ultions
E. Calculation of losses
Copper losses: Fig.S Flowchart for modeling in MagNet 7.1.1 [ 13]
I
Rt -
- P _ I • R - pns Rf
cll *' ph- B. Design steps
AC
(37)
As 2 phases carry current at any given time,
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2012 International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]
The BLDC motor with 27 slots and 8 poles which fixed to the component and the necessary materials
is to be designed is shown in Fig.6 with complete are filled in the component as shown in Fig.lD.
dimensions and its design parameters are listed out Similarly all the components are constructed.
in Table.1. All dimensions shown in Fig.6 are in
millimeters (mm).
'" 10
/A:v----+... ,."'"'
12 00 62(0
3) Create coils
Coils are then created by using Model tool and
"Make a simple coil" option as shown in Fig. I O.
The parameters of the coil are then set as shown in
Fig. I I .
a geometry
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2012 International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]
C. Various Analysis
4) Solve
The solving adaptation is done automatically
using "Solve" tools and "Static 2D" option as
shown in 12.
Fig.14 Changing rotor position
l" ... c.:at>-___ o...o: __ ,.... ___ ...
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2012 International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]
VII. CONCLUSION
I ;�
1.36714
0.911766
0.45639 REFERENCES
0.00101494
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