TOPIC: Routing
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
- WHAT IS ROUTING?
Routing is the process in which routers find all possible routes, first examine the destination
IP address where packets are sent or packets are discarded if attempts to route them fail.
- Dynamic routing protocols have been used in networks since the late 1980s.
- Newer versions support the communication based on IPv6.
*DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOLS COMPONENTS
Routing Protocols are used to facilitate the exchange of routing information between routers.
The purpose of dynamic routing protocols includes:
Discovery of remote networks
Maintaining up-to-date routing information
Choosing the best path to destination networks
Ability to find a new best path if the current path is no longer available
Data structures - Routing protocols typically use tables or databases for its operations.
This information is kept in RAM.
Algorithm - Routing protocols use algorithms for facilitating routing information for
best path determination.
Providing ease of routing table maintenance in smaller networks that are not expected
to grow significantly.
Routing to and from a stub network. A network with only one default route out and
no knowledge of any remote networks.
Accessing a single default router. This is used to represent a path to any network that
does not have a match in the routing table.
CLASSIFICATION:
1. DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING PROTOCOL
* WHAT IS RIP?
RIP is a standard distance vector protocol, its main limitation is imposed by the maximum
number of jumps. RIP assumes that everything that is more than 15 jumps.
*HOW DOES RIP WORK
The device sends its complete routing table to all connected neighbors every 30 seconds.
There may be updates triggered by events if, for example, an interface falls before the 30-
second timer expires.
* CHARACTERISTICS OF RIPV1
RIP uses in jump count as the only metric for route selection.
Does not support subnets.
It does not support addresses with variable masks.
Update every 30 seconds.
* ADVANTAGE
Easy to implement.
Ideal for companies with a small topology.
*DISADVANTAGES
It does not use VLSM.
Constant updates even if there were no changes in the typology.
*CHARACTERISTICS OF RIPV2
Authentication for the transmission of RIP information between neighbors.
Use of network masks, with which it is already possible to use VLSM7.
Use of network masks in the choice of the next jump.
Sending updates of RIP tables using the multicast address 224.0.0.9.
*ADVANTAGE
Easier to configure.
Open protocol, supported for many manufacturers
*DISADVANTAGES
To determine the best metric, only take into account the number of jumps.
It does not take into account other important criteria.
Reliable transport protocol: the RTP (Reliable Transport Protocol, reliable transport
protocol) is exclusive of EIGRP and is responsible for the delivery of EIGRP packets
to neighbors. RTP and neighbor adjacency tracking establish the framework for
DUAL.
Balance of load of same cost and with different cost: EIGRP supports load balancing
of same cost and load balance with different cost, which allows administrators to
better distribute the flow of traffic in their networks.
B. STATIC ROUTING
Static routing consists in the manual introduction, by the network administrator, of new
routes in the routing table that the packets that arrive at the router must follow.
*THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF STATIC ROUTING ARE THE
FOLLOWING:
• It is easy to configure in small networks.
• Routers do not have to discover new routes in the network, so network traffic
decreases.
• To arrive at a destination, the packages always follow the same route.
• It consumes less router and network resources; therefore, it saves bandwidth for the
communication of the devices.
• Networks are more secure because the packages are completely directed, which
facilitates the tasks of monitoring and general administration of the network.
• Each time the topology of the network changes, the administrator must introduce the
changes in the route tables, which, in large networks, can be quite tedious.
*COMMAND
Router(config-if)# ip address ip-address mask
router> enable
router# configure t
Enter configuration commands. One per line. End with CNTR/Z
router (config)# interface fa0/0
router(config-if)# ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
router# no shutdown
CONCLUSION
- Each dynamic routing protocol has a unique administrative value, along with static
routes and directly connected networks. The lower the administrative value, the more
preferred the route source.
- BGP is the most widely used EGP routing protocol on the Internet, since it is used to
exchange routing information between the external routers of each autonomous
system, which must be compatible with this protocol. It is the most used for networks
with the intention of configuring an Exterior Gateway Protocol
- Each of these classes of protocols has its particular characteristics, which makes it
more appropriate to obtain an adequate result for the Red Sea, a decision of the
network administrator taking into account the needs and characteristics of it.
- One of the most used protocols is RIP, despite its limitation in the control of large
networks it can be configured in a simple way and is used in small local networks.
- The DUAL diffusion update algorithm is the center of the routing protocol that
guarantees backup routes without loops in the entire routing domain.
- An external gateway protocol runs on routers that are on the edge of an autonomous
system and exchange routes with other autonomous systems.
- Static routing ensures that packets circulate through good design routes.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Cisco Networking Academy Program, Routing and Switching Essentials v6.0, Chapter 3:
Dynamic Routing
Auben. (2014). Auben networking for people. Obtenido de
http://www.auben.net/index.php/tecnologias/routing/protocolos-de-ruteo
Collado, E. (2014). Eduangi. Obtenido de https://www.eduangi.org/node372.html
Fundamentos de BGP. (2016). Obtenido de
http://bibing.us.es/proyectos/abreproy/11359/fichero/BGP%252F5.+Fundamentos+
de+BGP.pdf
Castaño, Ribes, Rafael Jesús, and Fernández, Jesús López. Redes locales, Macmillan Iberia,
S.A., 2013. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bibliotecaupssp/detail.action?docID=3217345.
EcuRed. (s.f.). Recuperado el 01 de 04 de 2018, de
https://www.ecured.cu/Exterior_Gateway_Protocol_(EGP)
https://supportforums.cisco.com/t5/routing-y-switching-documentos/enrutamiento-
conceptos-fundamentales/ta-p/3166553
http://inforedunefa.blogspot.com/2015/04/encaminamiento-de-datagramas.html
http://theosnews.com/2014/05/tipos-de-protocolos-de-enrutamiento-dinamico-vector-
distancia-distance-vector-estado-de-enlace-link-state-e-hibrido-hybrid/#estado