UNIT-I-II
Types of hypotheses-
1.Null Hypothesis -(Ho)-This is no difference hypothesis,i.e. There is no
diffrerence between the population and the sample.
Hypothesis Testing
1. Since the sample is drawn from population,the sample values are different
from population values.
Types of variable.
Continuous varible- it the one which takes any numerical value within certain
limits.Examples-Height ,weight,deposits,etc
UNIT-III
Measurement of Data
'DATA
Objects
Properties
Tangible Intangible
Physical Social,Psychological
Egs-Building Egs-Liking
Egs -Height Egs -Intelligence
Furniture - attitude
- Weight -Stress
Height
-leadership Qualities
Weight
4. For a concept or property one has to define a measure .This measure should
be acceptable to all and it should really measure the concept or
property.this is extremely difficult and a complex task.
1. Respondents
2. Situation
3. Measurer
4. Instrument
Measurement should be a accurate and sound one .Sound measurement should have
validity,realiablity and praticality.Further validility is divided into content
validity,criterion validity and construct validity
Sound Measurement
Validity Relaibility
Practicality
Levels of Measurements:
Measurement scales
Nominal Ordinal
Interval Ratio
Ordinal Scale-it has certain order assigned.It always implies grater than or
less than.
Interval Scale-It has power of both nominal and ordinal scale.In this scale '0'
point is ordinary.
Examples-Time. i.e.the lapsed time between 1 and 2 is equal
Ratio scale-It is better than above all scales.It posses properties of all the
three scales.It also has absolute zero that is if length is zero in
centimeters,then thereis absence of length.Comparision of performance can be
done with the help of ratio scales.this is the most precise of all the scales.
Concept of scaling
Example-
Examples-
Example-
Durability 80
Price 10
Colour 10
Total 100
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