PROCEEDINGS JOINT CONVENTION SURABAYA 2005 – HAGI-IAGI-PERHAPI

The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, and The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition

JCS2005-E005

GEOPHYSICAL MODEL FOR AQUIFER

CONTAMINATED CLOSED TO OPEN DUMP LANDFILL IN LEUWIGAJAH

Agus Laesanpura, Deviq Avrizon, Warsa, and M.I. Tachyudin Taib

Department of Geophysics, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)

ABSTRACT

Geophysical acquisition and chemical analysis executed in this open dump landfill is to construct a model
that explaining the existence of flow of pollutant in aquifer and the difference appearance of water
characteristic of well. To acquire the model, three method of geoelectrical such as Schlumberger
sounding, dipole-dipole, and Self Potential; and thus chemical analysis is made, including pH and DHL
measurement on four sites. Cross section of resistivity sounding measurement shows the coherence of
resistivity low on about 6 meter depth due to expected polluted water, flowing from aquifer into surface
far from area. Dipole-dipole Imaging shows the separation between polluted aquifer and relatively clean
aquifer as well as their zone. Moreover, Self Potential measurement shows the existence of water flow or
ionic change closed to garbage boundary. All geophysical analysis and interpretation is supported by
chemical analysis and DHL measurement. They show the existence of polluted water indicating by either
DHL measurement superior than 500 uS/cm otherwise formation factor inferior than 3. The syntheses of
geophysical model on this area shows a simple shallow aquifer-landfill relationship with intrusion body
as barrier to split aquifer and to disallow (minimalist) mixture of liquid between them

INTRODUCTION acquisition of Geolectrical method and chemical

Leuwigajah is a waste disposal site of household
type in Bandung and adjacent area. Daily about
5.000 ton garbage is dropped on this open dump
landfill system. In lowland on the foot of this hilly
garbage, most simple people (approximately 200)
lived toward this hill (about 150 m height).
analysis, besides geological observation.
This hilly terrain is covered by volcanic material
of quaternary and tertiary age origin as tuff,
lapilli’s, and breccias volcanic (Silitonga, 1973),
sometimes found the trace of intrusion body.

The sanitation on this village is relatively poor, GEOELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT AND

they use water in shallow well in their household, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
on the field several well contaminated by
pollutant is easily recognize: immense black Geoelectrical measurement is conducted by three
suspension, effect of scrapping if they used in kind of method, thus Schlumberger sounding,
bathroom, or rather white coloration water. dipole-dipole, and Self-potential. Using
However, on other well, relatively clean water or Schlumberger sounding, we uses 5 point of
even clean water obtainable. The future of this measurement on direction to the bottom of flow,
village will be unhealthy as habitant growing and meanwhile spacing between electrode maximum
the needs of water are an important factor. of 250 m. The apparent resistivity ,ρa, by
obtaining the potential difference , ∆V and current
The knowledge of the way contaminated and their introduced into ground, I, with short electrode
phenomena are important to know. Once this spacing l, and long electrode spacing L, could
system is identifiable, the remedy is easy to be formulated as:
π
execute. On the first time, we put geophysical
ρa =
2.l
( ) ∆IV
. L2 − l 2 . (1)

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 PROCEEDINGS JOINT CONVENTION SURABAYA 2005 – HAGI-IAGI-PERHAPI
The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, and The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition

The observation is also completed by The dipole-dipole data is do on selected section to

dipole-dipole resistivity to obtain sub-surface ensure the existence of pollutant flow and degree
imaging, with the longest electrode spacing of 150 of relatively contamination on subsurface or on
m. By this kind of measurement, we expected to surface. Rather the pseudosection data, the section
have depth penetration until 30 m.. The apparent is treated iteratively (inversion technique) with
reisistivity,ρa ,is calculated by considerd the res3dinv (Loke, 2000) and presenting in more
constant electrode spacing, a (a is 2 to 4 meter), informative image. One of this section is design
and the level of penetration, n, as: closely to pollutant well and to relatively clean
∆V well. It is surprisingly that these two well could be
ρ a = n(n + 1)(n + 2).π .a. (2) imaged on dipole-dipole section (Figure 4.a and
I
4.b), deep blue for pollutant well and clear blue
for relatively clean one.. By this evidence, we can
Finally, we do SP measurement to obtain the
identify the remaining zone of contaminated and
information for the possibility of the existence of
clean zone, both on same section and adjacent
fluid, flowing in subsurface from garbage into
area. Furthermore, on another section we can
contamination aquifer layer. The SP measurement
identify the estimated intrusion body as barrier for
is done by double measurement with electrode
mixing of two aquifers. By this evidence, it is
spacing of 5 m and 10m. A total of 500 m data we
logically on same region (and even closed space),
collected.
we have pollutant water and clean water (jet pump
point, S-6).
RESULT
The Self Potential method is used by electrode
The layout and method arrangement for all
spacing of 5 meter and 10 meter (Figure 3). This
geoelectrical methods is describing in Figure 1,
measurement is passed from garbage area until
thus the chemical samples for pH measurement,
clean land. The two-difference electrode spacing
DHL, and five principal chemical element. The
has nearly similar result. In landfill area, the low
chemical analysis is used by water sampling in
SP is strongly indicated by two curves, although
shallow well of community. Usually the deepest at
the rest shows several minuets variation. This
base is about 10 m, but the special case is for
small detail difference between two curves is
relatively deep well of jet pump operation for 50
possible due to hot and humid atmospheric
m. By combining the limited chemical analysis
condition during acquisition. The two response
with geoelectrical data, we expect to better
(high-low) indicated that the existence of ion
geoelectrical interpretation for aquifer
exchange on subsurface either bring into flow of
classification and pollutant identification.
pollutant water (Vogelslang, 1993) or bring by
decomposition of garbage.
The Schlumberger sounding has a typical low
curve of approximately 5 to 6 m depth. However,
The chemical analysis on water sample shows that
we observed that the range could be divided more
the consistency of relatively high degree
finely and calibrating by chemical analysis. The
contribution of Fe, SO4, Ca, Mg, and high DHL to
sounding data is treated to obtain layer thickness
pollutant. Although it should carefully to interpret
and true resistivity by winserv@. Qualitatively on
DHL value by consider the mix effect of ionic of
volcanic soil or volcanic rock on this area, we
its component. However on formation factor
divide the resistivity range below 5 Ohm.m as
analysis it could be stated that for those a value
aquifer polluted, the resistivity range between 6
less than 3(determined arbitrary) or DHL > 500
to15 Ohm.m is considered as aquifer relatively
uS/cm, aquifer classified as contaminated. This
clean. Hence, we can identified a bulk aquifer
value is though similar with resistivity pattern
contaminated area, and we can predict where the
acquired.
aquifer contaminated appeared on the surface
(Figure 2). This test case is proven by the
The early result shows that the way pollutant go
appearing several spot of pollutants (appear
thought aquifer is passing throughout the
frequently after continuous heavy rain) on the
permeable layer (silty dirt or tuff) indicated by
football terrain for example near sounding point
high-low Self-potential, low resistivity, and high
S5, not far from predicted area.
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 PROCEEDINGS JOINT CONVENTION SURABAYA 2005 – HAGI-IAGI-PERHAPI
The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, and The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition

water contents layer. The difference characteriza- REFERENCES

tion of those aquifer in closed area is due to
(estimated) barrier related to body of intrusion,
the one is contaminated and another one is clean.
Thus, the model we propose is present in Figure 5.
CONCLUSION
Gerkens, J.C., 1989, Foundation of Exploration
Geophysics, Elsevier, pp, 527-649
Loke, M. H., 1999, Electrical Imaging_ surveys
for environmental and engineering studies,
http-://www.geometrics.com

1. The aquifer layer contaminated is tuff,
evidence is shown by crop out, well inspection,
and chemical analysis.
2. Geophysical model of open dump land fill in
Leuwigajah area is simple shallow aquifer-
landfill relationship with intrusion body as
barrier to split aquifer and to disallow
(minimalist) mixture of liquid between
them
Reynolds, J. M., 1997, an introduction to applied
and environmental geophysics, Great Britain:
Bookcraft Ltd.
Silitonga, P. H., 1973, Peta geologi bersistem
Lembar Bandung, skala 1: 100.000, Pusat
penelitian dan pengembangan geologi.
Vogelslang,l 993, Environmental Geophysics,
Springer verlag, pp.20-55

FIGURE 1: Layout of geophysical survey and water sampling. This map is a guide for
sections exhibit in Figure 3 until Figure 4. Stars is indicating water sampling, while the
blue line is indicating dipole-dipole section, and black dot is indicating resistivity
sounding, finally red line is indicating SP section.

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 PROCEEDINGS JOINT CONVENTION SURABAYA 2005 – HAGI-IAGI-PERHAPI
The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, and The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition

FIGURE 2: Profile of resistivity sounding in north-south direction,

FIGURE 3: Profile of Self-potential, closed to vicinity of garbage boundary,

SP1 on south, SP2 on north, map on Figure 1.

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 PROCEEDINGS JOINT CONVENTION SURABAYA 2005 – HAGI-IAGI-PERHAPI
The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, and The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition

FIGURE 4: Dipole-dipole of geoelectrical profile, a). Profile M-N Dipole-dipole, b) Profile

X-Y Dipole-dipole

FIGURE 5: Geophysical model for aquifer contaminated in Leuwigajah in S-N direction.

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