Automated Testing

SAP CLOUD PLATFORM
ABAP ENVIRONMENT
ABAP
SAP HANA
CNA317 – Automated testing

within the ABAP programming model for SAP S/4HANA
PUBLIC
Speakers 2018
SAP TechEd Las Vegas Ingo Bräuninger

October 2–5, 2018
SAP TechEd Barcelona Ingo Bräuninger

October 23–25, 2018
SAP TechEd Bangalore Sunil Bandameedapalli

November 28–30, 2018
© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 2

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ABAP Strategy
CNA120
CNA317
Optimize Your Custom ABAP Code

for SAP HANA
CNA319
See the Big Picture of the ABAP
RESTful
Programming Model
CNA215
A Technical Deep Dive into the

ABAP RESTful
Programming Model
CNA216
1 hour lecture
Automated Testing with the ABAP
RESTful Programming Model
CNA317
Custom Code Adaptation for

SAP S/4HANA
CNA302
2 hours hands-on workshop
Build a List Report App with SAP

Fiori and ABAP Programming Model
CNA381
Build a Transactional SAP Fiori App

with the ABAP Programming Model
CNA379
1 hour codejam
Custom Code Adaptation for SAP

Automated Testing with the ABAP RESTful Programming Model
S/4HANA
CNA364
HOW TO MOVE YOUR ABAP SKILLS TO THE CLOUD AND SAP HANA
Build an SAP Fiori App with the

ABAP Programming Model
CNA654
Troubleshoot Your SAP Fiori App

with ABAP Development Tools for
Eclipse
CNA653
Agenda
Introduction to ABAP Unit
Why writing unit tests is a new skill
Testing OData Services
Managing various dependencies while writing tests in ABAP

CDS / OSQL Test Double Framework
ABAP Test Double Framework
ABAP Test Seams
Summary

In tro d u ctio n to
A B A P U n it
Automated unit testing
DEFINITION
Unit testing is a software verification and validation method in which a unit (method,
function module) of an application will be tested to verify if it satisfies its functional
requirements
UNIT TESTS
Find problems early in the development cycle

Help to avoid long debugging sessions
Make maintenance less painful with automated regression tests
Provide documentation
Enables faster software development lifecycle
GOAL
The goal of unit testing is to isolate each part of the program and show that the
individual parts work correctly

ABAP Unit
ABAP UNIT IS THE OFFICIAL xUNIT TESTING FRAMEWORK FOR ABAP
FEATURES OF ABAP UNIT
Provides an environment for execution of unit tests in isolation
Provides assertion-methods for testing expected results
Tightly integrated into the programming language ABAP
Production code and unit test code are bundled and transported together
Now enhanced to support testing of other development objects like ABAP Core Data Services

Phases of a unit test
Execute method Verify post- Cleanup

Establish pre-condition
under test condition (optional)

ABAP Unit
Test execution I
Executed before first setup class_setup()
Executed before each test method setup()
Test method execution test_method()
Executed after each test method teardown()
Executed after last teardown class_teardown()

ABAP Unit
Test execution II
EXECUTION OF A UNIT TEST CLASS
All test methods will be executed independent from each other
One instance of the test class per test method
Execution in undefined order

WHY WRITING UNIT TESTS
IS A NEW SKILL
Unit Testing
Here lies the challenge
Test case Code under test Dependent on

component

Unit Testing without isolation
Hard dependencies Function module

No isolation A bug here can
cause test failure
Test case Code under test Object
Wrong data here can

Database
cause test failure
Must exist, otherwise

Other entities testing is impossible

Unit Testing with isolation
Test doubles
Full control of
behaviour of the
Stub for
DOCs No dependencies function module
Full isolation
Test case Code under test Mock object

Test doubles
replace original
entities
Fake database
Dummy
Any test failure must be
caused by this code

HOW TO APPLY VARIOUS
ABAP UNIT APIS TO
TEST SAP FIORI APPS
Demo
Let’s have a look at the Fiori App example with high level components & UI
Are there any bugs?

eCATT test
support for
OData services

How Does OData Work at SAP?
CLIENT SYSTEM BUSINESS SERVER

SAP HANA / ABAP PLATFORM /
SAP JAVA STACK / EXTERNAL
SYSTEM
Provides OData service which

exposes business data
Calls OData service ODATA SERVICE

http(s) request / response
Entity container
Entity Set 1
CRUD operations
Entity Set 2
CRUD operations
Functions
A client system to call business server with OData service interface

eCATT OData test architecture and eCATT OData assistant
OData test client on ABAP platform
eCATT test data container Test data definition

Layer with
test objects
ABAP unit test class eCATT test script Test logic
OData client access framework – ABAP

For each OData service entity set to be tested
Generate global service access class with CRUD methods Client access to
business data
Generate data types as local types in the class Layer with
provided by service
provide entity data in attributes and method returns service
provide access to service meta data access
objects
http(s) handling
request / response processing Technical service
error handling invoke
client side use of SAP Gateway
OData
System under test e.g SAP system using SAP Gateway

or any web server utilizing OData protocol

Demo
Let’s write a OData test using SECATT_ODATA test client which detects the bug
Let’s fix the code and make the test run successful

CDS test
double
framework

Demo
Let’s see how the usage of CDS entities impact your testing strategy

Challenges in test double creation for CDS dependencies
Code under test ABAP DBMS

is executed in DB
Dependency on
database artefacts
SQL view
Dependency on
database content Unit test
SQL view
TABLE

CDS test double framework
How it works
Development Object under test is CDS entity
INPUT CDS entity under test OUTPUT
Access Control
Dependent Dependent
CDS Entity 1 DDIC table 1
…
Dependent Dependent
CDS CDS

How it works
Identify the dependencies (DoCs) of CDS entity & isolate code under test from DoCs
INPUT CDS entity under test OUTPUT
Access Control
Dependent Dependent
…
Dependent Dependent
CDS CDS

How it works
Create test doubles in the database for all the first level dependencies
Inject the test doubles into the clone of CDS entity under test
Insert test data into test doubles
CLONE
INPUT of OUTPUT
CDS entity under test
Test Test
double double
for CDS Entity 1 for DDIC table 1
Dependent Dependent

Demo
Let’s write a test which tests the logic present in the CDS entity using the CDS test double
framework

ABAP CDS Test Double Framework
FEATURES OF ABAP CDS TEST DOUBLE FRAMEWORK
Available from SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP 7.51 SP00 onwards
Unit testing & Hierarchy testing of a CDS entity is possible
Testing CDS entity by enabling Access Control (DCL) using test doubles for role authorization objects
You can create test doubles for

DDIC tables, DDIC views, CDS views, CDS views with Parameters, External Views, Table Functions, CDS Special
Functions like CURRENCY_CONVERSION and UNIT_CONVERSION
Automatic code generation possibilities through

Wizard, for creating a new test class with test code
Quick Assist, for providing in-line context based code generation capabilities within the test class
Integration with eCATT Test Data Container (TDC) APIs making consumption of test code from TDC easier while
writing a test for a CDS entity.

Open SQL test double framework
FEATURES OF ABAP OPEN SQL TEST DOUBLE FRAMEWORK
Enables testing of the logic expressed in the Open SQL statements using the well -known ABAP Unit Test
Framework
Supports testing of all DML statements, not just SELECT statements, present in any of the ABAP development
objects
Supports double creation for many depended on components like DDIC Tables, DDIC Views, CDS Views, CDS
Views with Parameters, CDS Table Function and External Views
Works seamlessly with all SAP supported databases
Replace database dependencies without the need to modify the actual code under test
Primary key constraints of the depended on artefacts are respected even for test doubles
Provides API to easily consume the large sets of reusable test data from eCATT TDC
Provides test isolation by creating test doubles in the database based on the actual database entities for each
test session. (Hint: Performance cost of database table creation should be positive)
Available with from SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP 7.52 SP00 onwards

ABAP
test double
framework

ABAP Test Double Framework
FEATURES OF ABAP TEST DOUBLE FRAMEWORK
The ABAP Test Double Framework has been designed to simplify and standardize the creation and
configuration of test double behavior
The framework currently supports the creation of test doubles for global interfaces
The outputs of a method call can be easily configured using the framework API. The values of returning,
exporting, changing parameters and also exceptions and events can be configured for each method call
Additionally, the framework provides functionality to verify interactions on the double object, e.g. the number of
times a method was called with specific input parameters
Available with SAP BASIS release 740 SP9 and higher

Code snippet …
DATA: lo_currency_converter_double TYPE REF TO if_td_currency_converter.
“create test double object

lo_currency_converter_double ?= cl_abap_testdouble=>create( ‘if_td_currency_converter’ ).
“configuration for stubbing method ‘convert’:
“step 1: set the desired returning value for the method call
cl_abap_testdouble=>configure_call( lo_currency_converter_double )->returning( 80 ).
“step 2: specifying which method should get stubbed
lo_currency_converter_double->convert(
EXPORTING
amount = 100
source_currency = ‘USD’
target_currency = ‘EUR’
).

Demo
Let’s write a test and replace the dependencies in the ABAP code by using the ABAP Test Double
Framework

ABAP
test seams
A test seam is a part of the code under test
which can be used to replace dependencies by
a test-friendly alternative

Untestable Code
METHOD get_countervalue.
DATA: converted_amount TYPE decfloat16, [...].
IF banknote->get_currency( ) = i_currency.
converted_amount = banknote->get_amount( ).
ELSE.
CALL FUNCTION 'CURRENCY_CONVERSION_CONVERT'

EXPORTING
i_source_currency = source_currency
i_target_currency = i_currency
i_source_amount = source_amount Call to DOC
Untestable code
IMPORTING
e_target_amount = converted_amount.
ENDIF.
ADD converted_amount TO r_countervalue.
ENDLOOP.
ENDMETHOD.

ABAP Test Seams – Injecting the test-friendly alternative value
METHOD get_countervalue.
CLASS ltc_wallet IMPLEMENTATION.

DATA: converted_amount TYPE decfloat16, [...].
Testable
code
METHOD test_countervalue.
IF banknote->get_currency( ) = i_currency.
converted_amount = banknote->get_amount( ). Replace during TEST-INJECTION currency_conversion.
ELSE. test execution
converted_amount = 30.
TEST-SEAM currency_conversion.
END-TEST-INJECTION.
CALL FUNCTION 'CURRENCY_CONVERSION_CONVERT' wallet->add_banknote( eur_20 ).

Untestable
EXPORTING wallet->add_banknote( usd_10 ).

code
i_source_currency = source_currency
i_target_currency = i_currency ASSERT wallet->get_countervalue( 'USD' ) = 40.
i_source_amount = source_amount
ENDMETHOD.
IMPORTING
e_target_amount = converted_amount. ENDCLASS.
END-TEST-SEAM.
ENDIF.
ADD converted_amount TO r_countervalue.
Testable
ENDLOOP.
code
ENDMETHOD.

ABAP test seams
FEATURES OF ABAP TEST SEAMS
Lightweight alternative to the ABAP Test Double Framework
Only works within a single compilation unit
Available with release 7.50 and higher

Demo
Let’s write a test for ABAP code and replace the test-unfriendly code by using the ABAP Test
Seams

SUMMARY
TESTABILITY - OVERVIEW
Smoke Tests CUT1

SECATT_ODATA Test Client OData Service
Integration Tests
Outside ABAP session
Protocol dependent
Inside ABAP session
Protocol independent
OData Test API CUT1
Scenario test Service Implementation
(based on ABAP Unit) PLANNED
FEATURE
ABAP TDF 2 (for creating a test
double for ABAP dependencies)
ABAP Class ABAP Test Seam (for replacing the
test-unfriendly code with user-defined
test code)
CUT1
CDS TDF 2 (for creating test doubles
Unit test ABAP Unit CDS for the data sources of the CDS Entity
under test)
OSQL TDF 2 (for creating test doubles

Persistency for the database dependencies in
ABAP Code)
using
1 Code Under Test 2 Test Double Framework
Test type Test API Unit Test isolation

(dependency management)
Recommendation for test automation tools in SAP S/4 HANA
Test Type Execution Intensity Purpose Tools Examples
Manual & E2E scenario test of

System Tests complete stack
START/eCATT Order to Cash
automated
UI: START/eCATT,
Manual & Integration test of multiple Fiori App  backend
Integration Tests components Non-UI: eCATT oData Assistant, communication
automated eCATT
Test of single units & Frontend: {Qunit / OPA5 / mockserver}

Unit / Component oData service, ABAP API,
Tests automated components build out of Backend: ABAP Unit with ABAP TDF, Fiori App (isolated)
multiple units CDS TDF, OSQL TDF APIs
Find possible issues via Frontend: ESLint Disallow Unused

Static Code Checks automated static code scans Variables
Backend: ATC

ABAP Programming Model for SAP Fiori
Key takeaways
Where to safely invest now?
The ABAP programming model for SAP Fiori is available and still evolving
Documentation available on the SAP Help Portal: ABAP Programming model for SAP Fiori
Use ABAP Core Data Services (CDS) – The next generation data modelling and access
Use CDS / BOPF integration and get familiar with BOPF concepts like determinations, validations and actions
Use OData exposure: @OData.publish:true or SEGW with Referenced Data Source for OData V2
Avoid DPC / MPC specific coding
Check out blog: Be prepared for the ABAP programming model in SAP S/4HANA
Avoid the use of OData V4 for your business scenario as for now
Go for an implementation based on the new ABAP programming model – It will provide OData V4 soon
If you must use OData V4 now then go for a code-based implementation but use CDS views for read access!

The ABAP RESTful Programming Model
Cloud-first delivery approach in SAP Cloud Platform ABAP Environment
SERVICE SAP Fiori UI A2X

CONSUMPTION Consume OData UI services Consume OData A2X services
SERVICE BINDING
BUSINESS Bind the service to OData protocol
SERVICES
PROVISIONING SERVICE DEFINITION
Define scope to be exposed
BUSINESS OBJECTS QUERIES
Data modelling with CDS

DATA MODELLING &
BEHAVIOUR Behaviour definition Data modelling with CDS
Behaviour implementation
with ABAP
© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC

CNA215 46
ABAP Platform Strategy – Further leveraging SAP HANA’s power
on premise on premise cloud
SAP Business Suite 1 SAP S/4HANA On Premise SAP S/4HANA Cloud SAP Cloud Platform ABAP
SAP NetWeaver hubs ABAP add-ons for SAP S/4HANA SAP Integrated Business Planning Environment
SAP NetWeaver add-ons Custom applications Extensions for SAP S/4HANA
Custom applications
SAP NETWEAVER AS FOR ABAP PLATFORM

SAP S/4HANA ABAP PLATFORM CLOUD
ABAP 7.5x 2 AS A SERVICE
NO STANDALONE ABAP PLATFORM

3
INSTALLATION WHITELISTED APIs
CLASSIC ABA LAYER
NEW ABA LAYER NEW ABA LAYER NEW ABA LAYER
ANY DB & SAP HANA
SAP HANA ONLY SAP HANA ONLY SAP HANA ONLY
MAINTENANCE
ONE COMMON ABAP PLATFORM INNOVATION CODELINE
CODELINE
1 2 3
ABAP 7.50 7.50, 7.51 and 7.52 starting with 1809 delivery
This is the current state of planning and may be changed by SAP at any time.
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Further information
Related SAP TechEd content journeys

CNA6 – How to Move Your ABAP Skills to the Cloud and SAP HANA
CNA4 – How to get to SAP S/4HANA
Related SAP TechEd sessions

CNA120 – ABAP Strategy
CNA215 – Set the Big Picture of the ABAP RESTful Programming Model
CNA216 – A Technical deep dive into the ABAP RESTful Programming Model
CNA317 – Automated Testing with the ABAP RESTful Programming Model
CNA319 – Optimize your Custom ABAP Code for SAP HANA
CNA379 – Build a transactional SAP Fiori App with the ABAP Programming Model
CNA654 – Build a SAP Fiori App with the ABAP Programming Model
CNA653 – Troubleshoot Your SAP Fiori App with ABAP Development Tools for Eclipse
Public SAP Web sites

ABAP Development Community: https://www.sap.com/community/topic/abap.html
SAP products: www.sap.com/products
SAP training and certification opportunities

www.sap.com/education
Thanks for attending this session.
Feedback Contact for further topic inquiries
Please complete your session Carine Tchoutouo Djomo

Product Management of Technology Platform
evaluation for CNA317. carine.tchoutouo.djomo@sap.com

Lectures only: Questions for TechEd Journey Badge “exam” pool* /
openSAP course SAP TechEd 2018 Recap**
1 What are the phases of a unit test? 3 Which is the right unit test framework if your
Establish pre-condition, Execute method under development object under test is CDS entity?
test, Verify post-condition, Cleanup
ABAP CDS Test Double Framework
 Lexical Analysis, Semantic Analysis, Intermediate
Code Generation, Code Optimization  CUTE
 Define, Ideate, Prototype, Test  NUnit
 Planing, Analysis, Design, Implementation  ABAP CDS Profiling
2 What is meant by "Dependent on 4 What is the best way to introduce unit tests
Component"? for "legacy code"?
Dependent on Components are the dependencies ABAP Test Seams
that the Code Under Test (CUT) has
 ABAP Business Rule Conditions
 Dependent on components means to meet the
requirements of the unit test  The Rhino Mocking Framework
 To be in compliance with the requirements  Implement the ABAP impact analysis
 To be dependent on the magnetic field

Automated Testing

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SAP CLOUD PLATFORM

CNA317 – Automated testing

SAP TechEd Las Vegas Ingo Bräuninger

SAP TechEd Barcelona Ingo Bräuninger

SAP TechEd Bangalore Sunil Bandameedapalli

© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 2

Be sure to complete the session evaluation

Download the app from

© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 3

© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 4

Optimize Your Custom ABAP Code

A Technical Deep Dive into the

Custom Code Adaptation for

2 hours hands-on workshop

Build a List Report App with SAP

Build a Transactional SAP Fiori App

Custom Code Adaptation for SAP

Build an SAP Fiori App with the

Troubleshoot Your SAP Fiori App

Introduction to ABAP Unit

Why writing unit tests is a new skill

Testing OData Services

Managing various dependencies while writing tests in ABAP

© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 6

Find problems early in the development cycle

© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 8

ABAP UNIT IS THE OFFICIAL xUNIT TESTING FRAMEWORK FOR ABAP

FEATURES OF ABAP UNIT

Provides an environment for execution of unit tests in isolation

Provides assertion-methods for testing expected results

Tightly integrated into the programming language ABAP

© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 9

Execute method Verify post- Cleanup

© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 10

Executed before first setup class_setup()

Executed before each test method setup()

Test method execution test_method()

Executed after each test method teardown()

Executed after last teardown class_teardown()

© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 11

EXECUTION OF A UNIT TEST CLASS

All test methods will be executed independent from each other

One instance of the test class per test method

Execution in undefined order

© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 12

Here lies the challenge

Test case Code under test Dependent on

© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 14

Hard dependencies Function module

Test case Code under test Object

Wrong data here can

Must exist, otherwise

© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 15

Test case Code under test Mock object

© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 16

Are there any bugs?

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© 2018 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 19

CLIENT SYSTEM BUSINESS SERVER

Provides OData service which

Calls OData service ODATA SERVICE

A client system to call business server with OData service interface

OData test client on ABAP platform

eCATT test data container Test data definition