Essential Steps To Summarization ↓

1. Use perfect reading skills : As cited earlier, reading is a skill. If proper steps are taken, it will remain
multi-beneficial. It also plays vital role in summarization skill. In the process of summarization, it helps
to segregate following aspects of reading material.
o Facts and opinions
o Examples, figures, tables, anecdotes
o Main ideas and supporting ideas
o Most important and redundant or less important points

The information of these factors will lead better understanding and select core information to write a
summary.

2. Underline or note-down major idea : An important stape in the process of summarization is to note-
down or underline major ideas during the reading stage. It helps to collect and reproduce major ideas
while writing summary. This stage requires best selection and perfect analytical skills. The wrong
selection will be futile and create chaos. The notes taken or underlined segment will become the base of
a summary.
3. Check for appropriation : After collecting (i.e. noting-down) major points, summary writer is directed to
check for appropriateness of ideas to be reproduced in the summary. If proper steps are not taken, the
collected points may misguide and not help to reproduce the perfect summary.
4. Prepare the first draft : Next important step in summary writing is the prepartion of first draft. In this
stage try to frame simple, self-dependent, short sentences and club points to develop logical link. This
draft must be a complete, candid and include maximum points. Enough care is required to avoid
needless repetitions and omit examples, anecdotes, and other redundant data.lt is also essential to
develop structured paragraphs during this stage.
5. Tailor and limit your summary : First draft always requires proper brush up and improvements. Hence,
it is essential to check for perfectness. During this stage it is recommended to check for complete
package and logical arrangement It is recommended to select and reproduce theme and meaning or
message of the story, table or statistical data, use your own language and active voice. It is also essential
to write objectively and insert link between each segment with the help of words such as, therefore,
because, as, neverthless, however, on the other hand, such as and others to write a professional
summary. It is also essential to adjust length of summary. It must not exceed ⅓rd of the original text.

Three Important Summarization Techniques ↓

There are three important summarization techniques. They are selection, rejection and substitution. They are
discussed hereunder.

1. Selection : Selection is an important summarization technique. It is essential to select major idea, key
words and phrases, special terms and interpretations presented in the original resource.These aspects
must be considered seriously while writing these summary. It is an important summarization technique
as it helps to include all major ideas in summary.
2. Rejection : Rejection is an important summarization technique. lt is a process of removing unnecessary
data. As cited earlier, try to reject repetitions, examples, illustrations, anecdotes, redundant, expressions,
tables and statistical data. Basically rejection helps to prepare a perfect summary.
3. Substitution : It is also an important summarization technique. Basically it includes synthesis. It is a
mode of combining several sentences into one sentence. It is recommended to use sentence
substitutions, short sentences to replace lengthy sentences. Use of one-word substitutions is an added
advantage in the summary writing process.
Tips - How To Summarize Any Given Passage? ↓

1. Be careful to select the theme of passage or reading material.

2. Do not reproduce sentences from original text.
3. Do not provide scope for ambiguity.
4. Include all major ideas.
5. Be objective and write summary in third person.
6. Observe proportion.
7. Do not include any redundant data.
8. Never introduce your ideas.
9. Do not criticize or change the original source.
10. Limit your summary, it must not be more than ⅓rd the length of the original passage.
11. Prefer short, simple and self dependent sentences.
12. Be strigent with words.
13. Avoid cluttering, pleonasm or redundant phares.
14. Avoid needless repetitions.
15. Logically link each section.

Final Quick Glance On Summarization ↓

A summary presents main ideas of given passage. The objective style is used to write a summary. A perfect
summary is useful in todays professional era.

Glossary - Important Terms of Summarization ↓

Summary : Giving main points of some resource.

Synopsis : A summary of a piece.

Excerpt : A short piece of writing ta

1.
Keep the most important ideas.
Ask the students to tell you the most important ideas from the
reading passage and write them on the board.
2.
Remove the ideas that are not very important.
As students
tell you
important ideas from
the
readin
g passage
have the class discuss their importance. Some ideas will
not be that
important and are not needed in the summary. Point out that those details make the reading
passage more interesting, but for the purposes of a summary, they are not needed.
3.
Use
your own words to write the summary.
Explain to students that one way to write a summary
with the important ideas is to review some of the “Wh” words. Who or what is the passage
about? What did that person or thing? How did s/he or it accomplish it? Y
ou can review the
example summary from Titanic.

Who or what = a young man and a young woman
1. Writing a Summary. Exercise
Write a summary of the text in English, including the most important points,
using your own words whenever possible (maximum 50 words,). *

As today's bride and groom celebrate their wedding, they have every excuse for being
nervous. They exchange promises of lifelong fidelity and mutual support. However, all
around them, they can see that many people do not and cannot keep these promises. Their
own marriage has a one in three chance of divorce, if present tendencies continue.

Traditional marriage is facing a crisis, at least in Britain. Not only are there more and more
divorces, but the number of marriages is falling. Living together is more popular than before.
The family is now no longer one man, one woman and their children. Instead, there are
more and more families which include parents, half sisters and brothers, or even only one
parent on her / his own.

Although Britain is still conservative in its attitudes to marriage compared with other countries
such as the USA, Sweden and Denmark, the future will probably see many more people
living together before marriage - and more divorce. Interestingly, it is women rather than men
who apply for divorce. Seven out of ten divorces are given to the wife. Also, one of the main
reasons for divorce, chosen by ten times more women than men, is unreasonable or cruel
behaviour. Perhaps this means that women will tolerate less than they used to.

Writing a summary: possible answer.

In Britain, there are more divorces than before and less / fewer marriages. These days
people live together instead of getting married, and modern families are different from / than /
to traditional ones. Usually the woman asks for a divorce, not the man, because her husband
is cruel or not reasonable.