Analysis & plot of convex & non convex characteristic of thermal

generating units using matlab

Theory:
Now a days generators are made of multi valves .The valves are opened with respect to Power
requirements. The characteristics of single w.r.t single valve are called convex and vice versa.
The convex and non-convex characteristic equations are sown below with curves.

Single Valve Generator:

Characteristic Equation (Convex):

𝐅 = 𝐚 + 𝐛𝐏 + 𝐜(𝐏 𝟐 )

Multi Valve Generator:

Characteristic Equation (Non-convex):

𝐇 = 𝐚 + 𝐛𝐏 + 𝐜(𝐏 𝟐 ) + |𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝐟(𝐏𝐦𝐢𝐧 − 𝐏))|

The convex characteristics equations are always quadratic but non-convex are not
quadratic.

Test system:
We are provided with two test systems for which we have to plot input-output curve for both
convex & non-convex characteristics.

UNIT-1 UNIT-2

a=550 a=309

b=8.1 b=8.1

c=0.00028 c=0.00056

e=300 e=200

f=0.035 f=0.042

MATLAB CODE:

a1=550;
b1=8.1;
c1=0.00028;
P=[10:1:500];
H1=a1+b1*P+c1*P.^2;
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(P,H1)
e1=300;
f1=0.035;
H1b=a1+b1*P+c1*P.^2+abs(e1*sin(f1*(10-P)))
subplot(2,2,3)
plot(P,H1b)

a2=309;
b2=8.1;
c2=0.00056;
P=[10:1:500];
H2=a2+b2*P+c2*P.^2;
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(P,H2)
e=200;
f=0.042;
H2b=a2+b2*P+c2*P.^2+abs(e*sin(f*(10-P)))
subplot(2,2,4)
plot(P,H2b)

Convex and non-convex input/output curves:

Output:

Comments:

For convex curves:

If we increase or decrease value of “a”, then heat input at its no load increases or
decreases respectively.
If we increase or decrease value of “b”, then slope of that curve increase or decreases
respectively.
 If we increase of decrease value of “c”, then convexity in that curve increases or
decreases respectively.

For non-convex curves:

If we increase or decrease value of “e”, then non-convexity increases or decreases

respectively.
If we increase or decrease value of “f”, then number of valves for that unit are
increased or decreased respectively.

Conclusion:
We have seen that the heat rate characteristics of multi-valve thermal power stations become
discontinuous compared to single valve stations. So heat rate curves are non-linear and the
switching of different valves changes the graphical representation. The different values of
coefficients affect the heat rate characteristics.