1.

Explain how refraction and reflection phenomenon could be used in transmission

systems.

The phenomenon of reflection and refraction is used in the transmission of data by means of
optical fiber, this is due to the fact that using the optical fiber sends an electromagnetic wave that
is confined by a cable which must have certain characteristics. the core must have a refractive
index (n1) greater than the refractive index (n2) of the coating. this in order that the
electromagnetic wave travels through this behavior is called total internal reflection with which
by the handling of refraction and reflection can send this data at high speeds having a negligible
loss

2. Explain the Snell law, the critical angle and practical applications where it could be used.
Refraction is the change of direction that a wave experiences when passing from one material
medium to another. It only occurs if the wave strikes obliquely on the separation surface of the
two media and if they have different refractive indices. The refraction originates in the change of
speed of propagation of the wave, when it passes from one medium to another.
If we talk about transmission of electromagnetic waves Snell's law is used for the creation of
optical fiber
3. Explain the physics behind lenses for optical diseases.
The lenses are transparent means of glass, glass or plastic limited by two surfaces, at least one of
them being curved.
An optical lens has the ability to refract light and form an image. The light that strikes
perpendicularly on a lens is refracted towards the focal plane, in the case of converging lenses, or
from the focal plane, in the case of divergent lenses.

Converging lenses
Convergent lenses are thicker at the center than at the edge, and concentrate (converge) at a point
the light rays that pass through them. At this point it is called focus (F) and the separation
between it and the lens is known as focal distance (f).

Convergent lenses, for distant objects, form real, inverted and smaller images than objects
Convergent lenses, For nearby objects form virtual images, right and larger.
Divergent lenses
Its focal image is less than 0. All the parallel rays that fall on it, diverge from it, so that they
seem to start from the same point before the same lens

The images produced by the diverging lenses are virtual, right and smaller than the objects What
is the importance of the index of refraction?
4. Is it possible that a single light beam be refracted into several beans? Explain.
A beam of light can split in two when entering certain liquids, according to the 27 October PRL.
The new experiments demonstrate the effect, predicted almost two centuries ago, and also reveal
another phenomenon: a ray can arrive at a boundary at one angle and reflect at a slightly
different angle. The work verifies a less-studied aspect of optical physics and may also lead to
more sensitive probes of the optical properties of liquids.
5. How is it possible to use the Brewster angle in practical applications?
When a beam of light strikes the surface that separates two non-conductive media characterized
by different electrical permittivity ε and magnetic permeability μ, part of it is reflected back to
the source medium, and part is transmitted to the second medium.
The Brewster angle is used in a microscope with which the visualization of the Langmuir
molecular monolayers or the adsorbance of the film at the air-water interface is allowed.

1. When red light in vacuum is incident at the Brewster angle on a certain glass slab, the angle
of refraction is 35𝑜 What are (a) the index of refraction of the glass and (b) the Brewster
angle?
𝑛1 = 1 Refraction angle
𝜃𝑟 = 35 Empty refractive index
𝜃𝑏 =?
𝑛2 =?
the Brewster angle?
Brewster angle is when the sum of the incident and the refracted angle is 90
𝜃𝑏 = 90 − 𝜃𝑟 = 90 − 35 = 55
What are (a) the index of refraction of the glass
𝑛1 ∗ sen(𝜃𝑏 ) = 𝑛2 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝜃𝑟 )
1 ∗ sen(55) = 𝑛2 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(35)
sen(55)
= 𝑛2
𝑠𝑒𝑛(35)
𝑛2 = 1.428
A) 55°
B) 𝑛2 = 1.428
Bibliografía

blogger. (2 de septiembre de 2010). Obtenido de

http://opticafisicaaplicadaleydebrewster.blogspot.com/2010/09/ley-de-brewster.html
educaplus. (s.f.). Obtenido de http://www.educaplus.org/luz/lente1.html
fisic. (s.f.). Obtenido de https://www.fisic.ch/contenidos/ondas-y-la-luz/refracci%C3%B3n-de-la-
luz-y-ley-de-snell/
GARCÍA, J. (7 de noviembre de 2012). seas. Obtenido de
https://www.seas.es/blog/automatizacion/reflexion-y-refraccion-de-la-luz-en-
transmisiones-de-fibra-optica/
nano-foturo. (s.f.). Obtenido de https://nanocienciainforma.wordpress.com/microscopio-angulo-
de-brewster-bam/
physics. (1 de noviembre de 2006). Obtenido de https://physics.aps.org/story/v18/st14