Sandstrom 1

Amanda Sandstrom

English 1201.B53

14 April 2019

Annotated Bibliography

In my essay I will try to see how outsourcing has affected the American economy. I want

to know if outsourcing is actually helping the American economy or hurting it in major way. I

want to see how many jobs have been outsourced to other countries and if it is feasible to have

those jobs in the United States. Could outsourcing actually bring a rise to the American

economy?

Duggal, Sudesh M., and Carl Simkonis. “Offshore Outsourcing: New Spin or Same Old

Business?” Issues in Informing Science & Information Technology, vol. 4, Jan. 2007, pp.

251–260. EBSCOhost, doi:10.28945/947.

This is an academic journal titled “Offshore Outsourcing: New Spin or Same Old

Business?” by Sudesh Duggal and Carl Simkonis. Since the 2000’s the United States has

had many jobs leave the country. The technology industry is a large part of why the

United States is losing so many jobs. People in other countries are more technologically

advanced than the U.S and are willing to do the jobs at a lower pay rate. The main point

of the article is to show that American companies have a huge advantage to outsource

jobs because workers outside the U.S are willing to do more work for lower pay. Until

the United States shows businesses that it has an advantage to keeping jobs in the U.S

then outsourcing will never change. This academic journal is backed by many different

sources throughout, and although it is from 2007 it is providing a lot of information that
 Sandstrom 2

is still relevant today. Both authors are from Northern Kentucky University and

everything is backed by a source, so the source is reliable. This will be relevant to my

research paper because it shows that the blame for outsourcing is actually on the U.S and

that they need to be more competitive if they want companies to keep jobs in the U.S.

Kimball, Will, and Robert Scott. “China Trade, Outsourcing and Jobs: Growing U.S. Trade

Deficit with China Cost 3.2 Million Jobs between 2001 and 2013, with Job Losses in

Every State.” Economic Policy Institute, 2014, www.epi.org/publication/china-trade-

outsourcing-and-jobs/.

This article was written by Will Kimball and Robert Scott, it is called, “China Trade,

Outsourcing and Jobs.” The article talks about how the United States trading with China

has influenced jobs from 2001 to 2013. During that timespan the United States lost or

displaced 3.2 million jobs from the impact of trading with China. The authors are trying

to show how many jobs have been lost because of just China alone, 2.4 million of the

jobs that have been lost are in manufacturing. China was over one billion dollars in

exports to the United States which is a major blow to jobs domestically because if you’re

importing a lot of goods it means you’re not producing a large amount of goods. Robert

E. Scott has a Ph.D. in economics and Will Kimball has a B.A in economics, the article is

also reliable because it gets statistics from the U.S. International Trade Commission. I

plan to use this article to show how many jobs the U.S has lost from outsourcing its jobs

from China alone. I will use the statistics to provide information on how goods could be

produced domestically.
 Sandstrom 3

Nike. “Nike Manufacturing Map:” Nike Sustainability - Interactive Map,

manufacturingmap.nikeinc.com/#.

This article has no author because it is an informational map about how many factories

that Nike has in different countries around the world. The map provides you with how

many workers each country has and how many factories are in each country. Nike has

over one million workers worldwide and only five thousand of them are in the United

States. Of the 527 factories worldwide only 41 of them are located domestically. I will

use this map because Nike is one of the biggest clothing manufacturers and for an

American company, they don’t have many factories located in their home country. The

source is from Nike Inc. directly, so it is a trustworthy source. Although this is just a

presentation of information, I feel that this map provides a lot of relevant information on

outsourcing because Nike started in Oregon

Nodoushani, Omid, and Joseph McKnight. “Insourcing Strategy: A Response to Outsourcing and

Off-Shoring on the United States.” Competition Forum, vol. 10, no. 1, Aug. 2012, pp.

164–169. EBSCOhost,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=82588552&site=eds-live.

This academic journal was written by Omid Nodoushani and Joseph McKnight, the

journal is called, “Insourcing Strategy: A Response to Outsourcing and Off-Shoring on

the United States.” Wal-Mart has outsourced many jobs being the biggest supermarket in

the country that has had a considerable impact. Wal-Mart is provided as just one

example, but the battle shouldn’t be to prevent outsourcing, the battle should be to

promote insourcing. Insourcing is where an organization uses its own workers or

resources instead of outsourcing the responsibilities. The authors provide many sources
 Sandstrom 4

for the information they provide and Omid is from Southern Connecticut State

University. They try their best to back up their claims with data or information directly

from companies. This will be a relevant source to use because this article doesn’t really

bash outsourcing, it gives you a solution to the problem rather than just bashing the

problem.

Pauken, Tom. “Taxing Our Way to Prosperity.” Intercollegiate Review, vol. 46, no. 2, Fall 2011,

pp. 12–19. EBSCOhost,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=69882809&site=eds-live.

This is an academic journal written by Tom Pauken that is titled, “Taxing Our Way to

Prosperity.” The U.S outsourced 5.6 million jobs from 2000 to 2010 which was a major

shock to a lot of people because the they were formerly an economic powerhouse. The

United States doesn’t tax enough on imported goods to try and promote companies to

keep make companies produce goods domestically. The economy could get a major boost

if more laws were made to tax imported goods. The authors really try to show what other

countries are doing and provide a lot of statistics on imported goods in other countries.

They also try to show that the United States could create more laws that restricted

countries from importing so many goods. This source is reliable because it provides many

statistics that are backed by sources from the author. This academic journal could be

really useful because it shows a solution to the outsourcing issue and also provides a lot

of information on outsourcing.

Pearlstein, Steven. “Outsourcing: What's the True Impact? Counting Jobs Is Only Part of the

Answer.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 1 July 2012,

 Sandstrom 5

www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/outsourcings-net-effect-on-us-jobs-still-an-

open-ended-question/2012/07/01/gJQAs1szGW_story.html?utm_term=.49f315213dfd.

This is a news article titled, “Outsourcing: What's the True Impact? Counting Jobs

Is Only Part of the Answer,” by Steven Pearlstein. Outsourcing is something that almost

every country does, and it has been going on for a long time. The trade deficit is probably

something that will never reduce because of how much outsourcing is done but it’s the

United States fault for not producing as many goods to try and compete in the global

market. Outsourcing manufacturing has made the United States provide more services

and step up in the technology industry. This article provides a side to outsourcing that is

more positive because it shows that the service industry has become a huge part of the

economy. Steven Pearlstein is a professor at George Mason University and tries his best

to give an unbiased opinion on outsourcing by just stating facts. This article will be

helpful because it provides a benefit to the United States economy from outsourcing.

Schwable, Steven. “Surveys: Outsourcing Continues to Grow under Trump Administration.” In

Homeland Security, 22 Aug. 2018, inhomelandsecurity.com/outsourcing-trump-

administration/.

This article is titled, “Surveys: Outsourcing Continues to Grow under Trump

Administration,” by Steven Schwable. Even since the Trump has been president there

have been more job losses due to outsourcing, but some countries have actually begun to

outsource their jobs to the United States. Over 7 million Americans work in other

countries and are benefitting the U.S by doing so. The United States also just doesn’t

have an outsourcing problem, robots have begun to take over many jobs that can be done

more efficiently with robots. Since robots have become more popular, it is becoming a
 Sandstrom 6

growing fear that more people will lose jobs to automated intelligence. The authors goal

was to show that outsourcing is still a big issue, but automated intelligence is an even

bigger worry. Steven Schwable provides a lot of stats from the Labor Department and the

Bureau of Labor to support his claims. Schwable also has a Ph.D. from Auburn

University. I will use the article to show another opposing view that outsourcing isn’t the

only issue that the United States faces when it comes to losing jobs.