INTERNSHIP REPORT

PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY LIMITED,

Bahawalpur.

Submitted By: Ali Junaid

Roll Number: 01

DEPARTMENT OF NETWORKING AND OPERATIONS

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All the praise is for Allah, the most merciful and beneficent, who blessed me with the knowledge, gave me the
courage and allowed me to accomplish this task. I am especially indebted to all my teachers for instilling in me
enough knowledge to be able to carry myself efficiently during my internship. Secondly, I am bound to thank all
the staff of Telenor. In particular I am grateful to ------------------their inspiring guidance, remarkable suggestions,
constant encouragement, keen interest, constructive criticism and friendly discussion helped me to learn and
enable me to complete this report efficiently, I hope that I will gain lot of experience, knowledge and it will help
in my Practical field.
 Table of contents

1. History of PTCL………………………...…………………….……………………….……..3

2. Structure of PTCL…………………………………………………………………………...4

3. Optical Fibre System…………………………………………………………………………4

4. Optical Fibre Cable ............................................................................................................................. 6

5. Switching ............................................................................................................................................ 12

6. Wireless ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.6

7. Power………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..20

8. Business Operations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..23

9. Swot Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….24

10. Findings And Recommendation……………………………………………………………………………………..26

History of PTCL:
Pakistan Telecommunications Company Limited (PTCL) is the leading organization in the field of
telecommunications in Pakistan. It is a leading entity in regards to providing voice and data services to
the most number of users of Pakistan. The corporation manages and operates around 2000 telephone
exchanges across the country, providing the largest fixed-line network. Data and backbone services such
as GSM, HSPA+, CDMA, LTE, broadband internet, IPTV. The telecommunication industry began in
1949 with Pakistan Telephone & Telegraph (T&T). Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC)
took over T&T in 1991 in accordance with the government policies. In 1994 PTCL was established when
government decided to privatize PTC. By 2008 50% of PTCL shares were sold to general public while
26% of the shares were sold to. Etisalat that became the major shareholder in the company and PTCL
became a semi government institution.

Services by PTCL:

Currently PTCL is major service provider in the following three categories:

 Landline (Voice)
 Internet (Data)
 Smart TV (IPTV)

Media of PTCL:

PTCL uses three media for data transference:

 Copper
 Optical Fibre
 Wireless

PTCL Operations:

The working operations of PTCL are divided into three main categories:

 Switching
 Media
 Backup
STRUCTURE OF PTCL

Structure of Organization
An Organizational Structure clarify the roles of personnel of an Organization and to determine who has
to do what task, which is responsible for what, objectives to be achieved, who is to report to whom and
to remove the obstacles for performance caused by confusion and uncertainty of job assignment as well
as to make easy decision-making and communication networks reflecting and supporting organization
objectives.

The head of Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited is called "President". Then come the SEVPs
(Senior Executive Vice Presidents), i.e. SEVP (Finance), SEVP (Operations), SEVP(Technical), and
SEVP (Human Resource Management), SEVP (Marketing & Business Development).Then there is a
chain of Executive Vice Presidents (EVPs) like EVP (Finance Central), EVP (Marketing), EVP (HR
Central), EVP (Accounts), EVP (Operation), EVP (Information Technology, Training & Research), and
EVP (Revenue). All these are appointed at Pakistan Telecommunication Company, Headquarters at G-
8/4, Islamabad. Apart from these EVP, there are also EVP (Operation), EVP (HR) etc who are heading
the other regions of PTCL in major cities country wide. Then there are Chief Engineers and General
Managers at H/Qs who report to their relevant EVP. Then there are Senior Managers, Deputy Directors,
Assistant Directors, Account Officers, Assistant Account Officers, Financial Analysts, Marketing
Managers, Computer Programmers, and IT Specialists etc.

There are also Regional Heads (General Managers) to head PTCL Regions then come the Senior
Managers (Operations), Senior Engineers (Operations), Engineers to look after the telecom system of
Regions. There are also Senior Managers Finance, Account Officers and Accountants to Handle Regional
account and billing matters. Manager HR & his staff are responsible to take care of Personnel affairs at
Regional Level.
In non-gazetted staff there are Engineering Supervisors Operations/Switching/Power plant/Optical Fiber
system/M.W Media, Account Assistants, Stenographers, Assistants, Key Punch Operators, Telecom
Technicians, Upper Division Clerks, Lower Division Clerks, Line Men, Wire Men, Drivers, Exchange
Cleaners, Naib Qasids and Peons etc.
All the staff is recruited by the HR Department headed by SEVP HR. The HR experts are responsible for
hiring & to further streamline its recruitment process.

Main Offices
The Head Office of Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited is situated in
Sector G-8/4, Islamabad, which is headed by the "President". Besides, it has Regional Headquarters
like:
 Islamabad Telecom Region,
 Rawalpindi Telecom Region,
 Hazara Telecom Region Abottabad,
 Northern Telecom Region-I Peshawar,
 Lahore Telecom Region (South),
 Lahore Telecom Region (North),
 Multan Telecom Region,
 Faisalabad Telecom Region
 Southern Telecom Region-I Hyderabad
 Southern Telecom Region-II Karachi
 Southern Telecom Region-V Sukkur
 Western Telecom Region Quetta.
 Switching network Central region Lahore.

These Regions provide Telecommunications services to the customers in their respective

areas. Apart from these, PTCL has an Optical Fiber Construction Region Lahore and Optic Fiber
System Islamabad, each headed by a General Manager.
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Internship Time Allocation:

 Total duration 6 weeks

 3 weeks in technical
 Optical Fibre (System & Cable)
 Wireless
 Switching
 Power Plant
 Access Network
 3 weeks in Business Operations
 MDF
 Software
 Customer Dealing

Optical Fibre System

 DWDM
Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a technology that puts together - multiplexes
- data signals from different sources so they can share a single optical fibre pair while maintaining
complete separation of the data streams. Each signal is carried on a separate light wavelength; the
dense part of DWDM refers to the fact that more than 80 separate wavelengths, each about 0.8 of
a nanometre (nm) wide, can share a single optical fibre.

DWDM wavelength channels are implemented via an array of infrared (IR) laser beams. In a
system in which each channel carries 100 Gbps and 192 channels per fibre pair, that translates to
19.2 Tbps capacity per pair. Because the channels are physically distinct and don't interfere with
each other thanks to the properties of light, each of the channels can use different data formats and
be transmitted at different data rates.

PTCL Bahawalpur has been using 10G DWDM, but recently 100G systems of Nokia have been
installed and will soon become completely functional.
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 SDH
SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is a standard technology for synchronous data transmission
on optical media. It is the international equivalent of Synchronous Optical Network. Both
technologies provide faster and less expensive network interconnection than traditional PDH
(Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) equipment.

 STM
SDH uses the following Synchronous Transport Modules (STM) and rates: STM-1 (155 megabits
per second), STM-4 (622 Mbps), STM-16 (2.5 gigabits per second), and STM-64 (10 Gbps).

 E1
E1 is the equivalent European digital transmission format of the DS1 that was devised by the ITU
Telecommunication Standardization Sector and named by the European Conference of Postal and
Telecommunication Administrations. An E1 offers dedicated 2.048 Mbps and can simultaneously
carry 32 voice calls of 64 Kbps each. E1 is a digital transmission link with a total transmit and
receive rate of 2.048 Mbps (2048000 bits per second). E1 carries signals at 2 Mbps (32 channels
at 64Kbps, with 2 channels reserved for signalling and controlling), versus the T1, which carries
signals at 1.544 Mbps (24 channels at 64Kbps).
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 Media Converter
A media converter, in the context of network hardware, is a cost-effective and flexible device
intended to implement and optimize fibre links in every kind of network. Among media converters,
the most often used type is a device that works as a transceiver, which converts the electrical signal
utilized in copper unshielded twisted pair (UTP) network cabling to light waves used for fibre
optic cabling. It is essential to have the fibre optic connectivity if the distance between two network
devices is greater than the copper cabling's transmission distance.

Ethernet-Fibre Converters enable connections of UTP copper-based Ethernet equipment over a

fibre optic link to take advantage of the benefits of fibre which include:

 Extending links over greater distances using fibre optic cable

 Protecting data from noise and interference
 Future proofing your network with additional bandwidth capacity

By utilizing Ethernet to Fibre Media Converters, the benefits of fibre optic cabling can now be
realized for copper–based Ethernet infrastructures.

Optical Fibre Cable

 Cable Types

There are various types of Fibre Optic cables available for laying the network.

o OLEX-18 (Backbone 1)
o Direct Buried Optical Fibre Cable
o Non-Metallic Duct Optical Fibre Cable.
o Self-Supporting Aerial Optical Fibre Cable
o Central Loose Tube Cable (Uni Tube)
o All Dielectric Self Supporting (ADSS) Aerial Cable
o Fibre To The Home (FTTH) Backbone Optical Fibre Cable
o Simplex Round Indoor Cable
o Distribution Cable (Round)
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 OLEX 18:
It is also known as Backbone 1 and is used to connect all the cities of Pakistan. It was laid
across Pakistan, from Karachi to Khyber, when PTCL initially laid the fibre network. It is
a direct buried type cable and has 18 fibres that are wound across the groves. The triple
protection of the cable makes it almost impenetrable.

 72-Fibre Loose Tube Cable:

This cable is also called Backbone 2 and was laid on the opposite side of OLEX 18 across
Pakistan to cater more data requirements.

 BWP Fibre Network:


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 Fibre Network:
The Fibre Network consists of following components:

o Trans-Receive System
o Media Converter
o Patch Cord
o ODF
o Cable
o Router
o FE

 Patch Cord:
A patch cable is a general term for cabling that connects two electronic devices to each
other, typically in a network. These devices might include computers and other hardware.
Patch cables are also used to carry telephone, audio, and video signals between devices in
non-networked applications; these might include equipment such as headphones and
microphones.
 Router:
In technical terms, a router is a Layer 3 network gateway device, meaning that it connects
two or more networks and that the router operates at the network layer of the OSI model.
Routers contain a processor (CPU), several kinds of digital memory, and input-output (I/O)
interfaces.
 Instruments:

There are various sorts of instruments used to maintain the fibre network. Some of the following
are:

 OTDR:
An Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) is an important instrument used by
organizations to certify the performance of new Fibre optics links and detect problems with
existing Fibre links and find where the problem has occurred in already set network.
 5

OTDRs are also used for maintaining Fibre plant performance. An OTDR maps the cabling
and can illustrate termination quality and location of faults that may hinder network
performance. An OTDR allows discovery of issues along the length of a channel that may
affect long term reliability. OTDRs characterize features such as attenuation uniformity
and attenuation rate, segment length, location and insertion loss of connectors and splices,
and other events such as sharp bends that may have been incurred during cable installation
or afterwards.

 Fiberscope:

A Fiberscope (or Fibre scope, Fibre optic scope) is a flexible inspection device that consist
of Fibre optic bundles with an eyepiece at one end, and a Lens at the other. Usually it has
2 type of bundles: Fibre optic Light bundle (for illumination of objects) and Fibre optic
image bundle to relay image to eyepiece. Fiberscopes (Fibre optic scope) has some very
important advantages and features such as FLEXIBILITY, higher length (then rigid bore
scope) and ARTICULATION capabilities.
 6

 Splicing:
Fibre splicing is the process of permanently joining two Fibres together. Unlike Fibre
connectors, which are designed for easy reconfiguration on cross-connect or patch panels.
There are two types of Fibre splicing – mechanical splicing and fusion splicing. The process
of splicing requires the following:
 Stripper:
It is used to remove the cladding of the fibre.

 Alcohol Swab:
To clean the jelly like substance and other dust particles form the cable to reduce the
error.
 Cleaver:
It is used to cut the fibre at 90° angle. As the splicing machine dose not join the fibres
unless they are cut at the 90° angle.
 7

 Fusion Splicing Machine:

It is used to splice the fibres together. The splicer used at PTCL is FSM 50S. The Fibre
ends are prepared, cleaved, and placed in alignment fixtures on the fusion splicer. At
the press of a button, the Fibre ends are heated with electrodes, brought together, and
fused.

The process takes place as follow:

Put on the fusion splice protection sleeve. Strip the Fibre. Strip back all Fibre coatings down to the
125um bare Fibre. Clean the bare Fibre with 99% isopropyl alcohol. Cleave the Fibre. The Fibre
needs to be cleaved with a high precision cleaver. Most splicing machines come with a
recommended cleaver. Fibre cleaving is a very important step as the quality of the splice will
depend on the quality of the cleaver. Put the Fibres into the Fibre holders in the fusion splicer.
 8

Press the start button to start the fusion splicing. Heat shrink the protection sleeve to protect the
splicing joint.

 Colour coding:
The optical fibre cable has different colour coding scheme to identify the fibre number:
 OLEX 18
White
Blue
Orange
Green
In which grove-1 has 4 fibre, grove-2 4 fibres, grove-3 2 fibres, grove-4 4 fibres, grove-5 4 fibres
and grove-6 is empty.
 Loose Tube 12 Fibre
Blue
Orange
Green
Brown
In each tube there are 4 fibres and there are total 3 tubes that also follows the same colour scheme.
 Loose Tube 48 Fibre
Blue
Orange
Green
Slate
White
Red
Black
In each tube there are 8 fibres and there are total 6 tubes that also follows the same colour scheme.
 Loose Tube 72 Fibre
Blue
Orange
Green
Slate
White
Red
Black
Yellow
Violet
Rose
 9

Aqua
In each tube there are 12 fibres and there are total 6 tubes that also follows the same colour scheme.
 Loose Tube 72 Fibre
Blue
Orange
Green
Slate
White
Red
Black
Yellow
Violet
Rose
Aqua
In each tube there are 12 fibres and there are total 8 tubes that also follows the same colour scheme.

 ODF:

An optical distribution frame (ODF) is a frame used to provide cable interconnections between
communication facilities, which can integrate Fibre splicing, Fibre termination, Fibre optic
adapters & connectors and cable connections together in a single unit. It can also work as a
protective device to protect Fibre optic connections from damage.

The ODF unit used in PTCL is of 72 Port Fibre Optic ODF . The 72 port Fibre optic ODF unit is
standard size with 6 inside trays in the closure, its front and rear covers can be opened, convenient
to use. The 72 port Fibre optic ODF can be loaded with different kinds of Fibre optic adapters on
panel.
 10

 MSAG:
MSAG (Multi-service Access Gateway), a reliable device of medium capacity and carrier class
rolled out by ZTE, mainly develops VOIP services and broadband data services over the IP MAN
or backbone network, and is primarily based on the existing twisted-pair lines or BRI interfaces at
accessing side. Furthermore, it is suitable to new service providers who employ the traditional
carrier cable resources to realize the accessing of POTS (as the second line for home users), the
accessing of ADSL or VDSL to realize the voice and data services simultaneously. Also, it can
access the corporate users like enterprises by deploying the inner LAN to provide IP phone
services.

Switching
In the telecommunications industry, switching is used to connect two nodes that are not in direct
proximity to each other.

Nodes are endpoints or redistribution points that receive and send data across distributed networks.
Switches connect these nodes to ensure seamless communication across devices which are not
physically close or connected. This ability to quickly and accurately distribute the right
information to the proper node so that is reaches the end user in a digestible way is why switching
is so important.
 11

 Soft Switches:
A soft switch (software switch) is a central device in a telecommunications network which
connects telephone calls from one phone line to another, across a telecommunication network or
the public Internet, entirely by means of software running on a general-purpose computer system.
Most landline calls are routed by purpose-built electronic hardware; however, soft switches using
general purpose servers and VoIP technology are becoming more popular. Many
telecommunications networks now make use of combinations of soft switches and more traditional
purpose-built hardware

The soft switch generally resides in a building owned by the Telephone Company called a
telephone exchange (UK/IRL/AUS/NZ) or central office (US/CAN). The central office or
telephone exchange has high capacity connections to carry calls to other offices owned by the
telecommunication company and to other telecommunication companies via the PSTN.

Looking towards the end users from the switch, the soft switch may be connected to several access
devices via TCP/IP network. These access devices can range from small Analog Telephone
Adaptors (ATA) which provide just one RJ11 telephone jack to an Integrated Access Device
(IAD), eMTA s (embedded Multimedia Terminal Adapters) using MGCP/NCS protocol over cable
(VoCable) or PBX which may provide several hundred telephone connections.
12
 13

 SOFTX3000 Front Panel:

 IFMI: Receive and transmit IP packets, process MAC layer messages and distribute IP
messages
 FCCU: Implement processing of call control and protocol. Generates bills and has bill
pool.
 SMUI: Main control board of a frame. Perform loading and managing system program
and data.
 CDBI: Stores all data regarding call location, gateway resources management and
outgoing trunk circuit selection.
 BSGI: Process the IP packets after the IFMI level-1 dispatch, implement processing of
such protocols as UDP, SCTP, M2UA, M3UA, V5UA, IUA, MGCP and H.248.

 Difference between Soft and Hard Switching

Semiconductors utilized in Static Power Converters operate in the switching mode to maximize
efficiency. Switching frequencies vary from 50 Hz in a SCR based AC-DC Phase Angle Controller
to over 1.0 MHz in a MOSFET based power supply. The switching or dynamic behaviour of Power
 14

Semiconductor devices thus attracts attention especially for the faster ones for a number of reasons:
optimum drive, power dissipation, EMI/RFI issues and switching-aid-networks. Soft switching is
another possibility to reduce losses in power electronic switches. Actually, the operation of power
electronic switches in ZVS-mode (zero-voltage-switch) or ZCS-mode (zero-current-switch) is
called “soft switching “Soft commutation techniques have been of great interest within the last few
years in switching power supply applications for high power applications (above 1KW)IGBT s are
preferred when compared with power MOSFET’s which present much higher conduction losses.
With SCR’s forced commutation' and 'natural (line) commutation' usually described the type of
switching. Both refer to the turn-off mechanism of the SCR, the turn-on dynamics being
inconsequential for most purposes.

 NGN:
A next generation network is a packet-based network that can be used for both telephony and data
and that supports mobility. Initially, the term Next Generation Network was used to refer to the
transformation of the core network to IP. Sometimes a NGN is referred to as an all-IP network.

The NGN is characterized by the following fundamental aspects:

 Packet-based transfer
 Separation of control functions among bearer capabilities, call/session, and application/
service
 Decoupling of service provision from network, and provision of open interfaces
 Support for a wide range of services, applications and mechanisms based on service
building blocks (including real time/ streaming/ non-real time services and multi-media)
 Broadband capabilities with end-to-end QoS and transparency
 Interworking with legacy networks via open interfaces
 Generalized mobility
 Unrestricted access by users to different service providers
 A variety of identification schemes which can be resolved to IP addresses for the purposes
of routing in IP networks
 Unified service characteristics for the same service as perceived by the user
 Converged services between Fixed/Mobile
 15

 Independence of service-related functions from underlying transport technologies

 Compliant with all Regulatory requirements, for example concerning emergency
communications and security/privacy, etc.

Wireless
 IDU:
IDU which is also known as indoor unit while ODU which is outdoor unit. These two are connected
though cable which is called IF cable. IDU changes the RF signals into IF signals that carries
through IF cable and reach to the ODU that again changes the IF signal into RF signal which
further transmit through microwave dish.

 ODU:
ODU (outdoor unit) in digital microwave communication system. It is mainly responsible for
transmitting and receiving RF signals, realizing the frequency conversion and amplification of
signals between the indoor intermediate frequency unit and the antenna system.
 16

 Antenna:

 Carrier:
Carrier frequency utilized in PTCL wireless data communication lies in microwave range and
ranges from 1.9-2.6 GHz, plus 18GHz bands.

 Multiple Signal Transmission:

The same system can be used to send multiple signals through these two ways:

 Space Diversity:
Sending two same signals with different polarization or across different axis.
 Frequency Diversity:
Sending two signals in the same direction that have different frequencies.
 Ports:
o FE Port:
FE is short for Fast Ethernet. Fast Ethernet is a collective term for a number of Ethernet
standards that carry traffic at the nominal rate of 100 Mbit/s
o GE Ports:
GE stands for Gigabit Ethernet. Gigabit Ethernet is a term describing various
technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second, as defined
by the IEEE 802.3-2008 standard.
 Application (EVO)
 17

Power
 Generators:
The generators used in PTCL Exchange as a backup are Diesel Engine type Generators. They run
on diesel and the chemical energy is converted to mechanical energy of the rotor by 4-stroke
engine. This mechanical energy is used to turn the rotor that cuts the flux provided by the stator
and electricity is produced. This electricity is sent to the panel.

 Panel:
The panel not only distributes the electricity to different parts of the exchange but also has a built-
in power protection system in it, that is used to regulate current and voltages and avoid damages
to due to power surges.
 18

 Rectifiers:
As most of the telecommunication systems work on the DC supply, the rectifiers are used to
convert the AC supply to DC supply to give an output of -48V.
 19

Business Operations
 PTCL Architecture:
• PTCL Exchange
The Exchange is the building where the local exchange switch resides. A CO’s switch may serve
telephone service subscriber in a very narrow geographic area such as a single large building.

• Distribution Point (DP)

From user to Distribution Point Drop Wire is used. And low- medium density copper cable (2-300
pairs) from DP to Distribution Frame. New building can be built and DPs are used to provide them
connection Instead to direct connection to Exchange.

• Distribution Frames (DF)

Distribution fames surround the CO. They are high density copper cable (50-1500 pair) Primary
Cable. Usually all connection to a distribution frame are copper. It allows the telephone company
to use High Density Copper Cabling.

• Main Distribution Frames (MDF)

MDFs are distribution frames that have some smart switching in them. Usually, this equipment
has been placed to provide the facility of DSL for access to use Internet. With the help of DSLAM
Internet is enabling in MDFs for particular user.

 MDF (Main Distribution Frame) JPX-202/3219 (Hawaii):

MDF has two sides

i. Inside
ii. Outside

Inside connects the MDF to required switching Exchange NGN while outside connects the MDF
to the cabinet. And inside and outside of the MDF are connected to each other through jumper
wire.

 Inside of MDF:
Inside of the MDF is consisted of NEs which has one pair of jumping wire (Switching
board cable). The connection b/w these wire is horizontally connected by punching tool.
 20

PG (permanent Glow) is inserted b/w the NEs to block or disconnection some subscriber
from switching exchange and cabinet.
 Outside of MDF:
Outside of the MDF is consisted of the multiple racks of 15 tags having 100 fuses in one vertical.
Fuses show the subscriber connections. Outside of the MDF is connected to the inside of the MDF
by jumping wire. Outside of the MDF have two wires which have vertically connection.

 Types of Exchanges in Bahawalpur:

1) NGN
2) ALCATEL
3) EWSD

 Joint Cable Connectors:

 U-Y connector:
They enable connecting wires without the need of isolation stripping. They are filled with gel,
which protects wires from corrosion. UY connectors should be used for wires with external coat
up to 1.52mm in diameter and 0.4-0.7 wire diameter. The Sealant used in the connector provides
the most effective water & moisture protection. It connects more than 25 pair of solid copper wires
at one time.

 MDF Faults, Detection and Checking:

Faults occurring in primary/ secondary cable are due to following reasons:-

1. Jumper Loosing
2. JUMPER BREA
3. Contact Fault
4. Faulty DSL Port
5. Switch room Fault
6. Fault in Fuse
 21

i. Drop line cable is checked by fault locator if there is no fault. Then fault may be in DP.

ii. DP connection is checked by checking dialling tone on the telephone. If there is dialling tone
then there is no fault. If there is not dialling tone then the DP connection has fault. Then new
connection in DP is assigned by punching tool. If still now the telephone is not in working state.
Then fault may be cabinet.

iii. Secondary cable is checked by fault locator if there is no fault then cabinet connection has fault.
Then fault may in cabinet.

iv. The dialling tone is checked in cabinet if there is dialling tone then there is no fault. If there is
no dialling tone the fault may be in MDF.

v. MDF required vertical cable pair connection is checked by dialling tone. If there is no dialling
tone then vertical cable pair is changed. If there is the dialling tone then there is no fault so the
fault will be in switching exchange.

vi. Switching exchange power supply, cards etc. is checked and changed. Then card is sending to
be repaired in required manufacturing company.

 Software
 BB Console
 Siebel
 CRM
 Regzimo
 CRM
 AAA
 Meximoo
 MMBBOPS

SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
1. Best services in the Nation.
2. Personal Network Nationwide.
3. Low Rates.
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Weaknesses
1. No proper maintenance of the installing connections.
2. More Cable Breaks.
3. Un educated Staff.
4. Un trained Staff.
Opportunities
1. Large Market
2. No Competitors (local)
3. Fresh graduates from the local University to hire so they will give the organization more
efficiency as the locals are more patriots.
Threats
1. Potential customers are loosed due to no proper installation procedures of new
connections.
2. Upcoming competitors.

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

I am going to discuss the findings and my view of recommendations which I faced and thought
during the internship. These findings and recommendations will help the organization to serve the
customers in a more better way and will enhance their capabilities of performing and they will get
the high value then those upcoming competitors of it.

Findings
Below are some of the observations which I did during my internship duration. I mention it here
for the purpose to enhance the capabilities of the organization of my Area if these are considered
by the managers. They will also have an edge on the upcoming competitors of them and will not
let them loose their potential customers.
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1. No proper support from the top managers.

2. The employees were not trained enough and were not having enough knowledge about the
work they were performing.
3. Less educated staff reduces the performance growth of the department in general and of
the organization as a whole.
4. No 24/7 local support available.
5. No full co-ordination with the other departments.
6. No proper procedure of installing new connections due to which the complaints increase
and also some customers loose their confidence in the Broadband connections.
7. Internees were performing all the travel to the customers, advertising, and marketing
expenses by their own hence making them less effective to the organization.

Recommendations
Below are the recommendations which I found about the organization during my stay with them
for the purpose of internship. If these recommendations are acted upon, the organization will be in
a high profit then it is going now and high number of customers will be attracted to them.

1. There should be a proper flow of communication between top and low level managers.
2. The employees should be sent for the national level training camps so that they can serve
the customers in a better way.
3. There should be appointed a well-educated staff for the better growth of the organization.
4. Some setup for the 24/7 support should be made for the local peoples.
5. Some techniques should be developed by the top level managers to start proper co-
ordination among the different departments.
6. There should be a proper procedure of installing new connections to the new customers of
Broadband. Like Line testing, etc.
7. There should be some allowance for the internees for the assigned work so that the
organization and the internees both get benefits.