3.

3 LSPR sensing of AgNPs for detecting Cu2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+ in Brahmaputra
Water
3.3.3 LSPR sensing with Cu2+ in Brahmaputra Water
1.4
2+
Conc. of Cu (M)
A 0
1
1.2 3
Decreasing 5
7
Abs 2+
1.0 Cu 10
20
50
Absorbance/a.u.

100
0.8 200
500
Increasing
1000
Abs 2000
0.6 5000
Baseline

0.4

0.2

0.0

400 500 600 700 800

Wavelength/nm

Figure 3.3.1: Instantaneous Absorbance spectra of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Cu2+ in raw
Brahmaputra Water [A] & Visual changing in colour of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Pb2+in
raw Brahmaputra Water in order from left to right (0 µM -1000 µM).

0.1 A1 0.1 A2
0.0 0.0
Peak Absorbance/a.u.
Peak Absorbance/a.u.

-0.1 -0.1

-0.2 -0.2

-0.3 -0.3

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
2+ 2+
Conc of Cu / Log Conc of Cu

Figure 3.3.2: Longitudinal absorbance LSPR peak shift [A1] and [A2].
 1.4
2+
Conc. of Cu (M)
B 0
1
1.2 3
Decreasing 5
7
Abs 10
1.0
20
50
Absorbance/a.u.

100
0.8 2+ 200
Cu 500
Increasing 1000
2000
0.6 Abs 5000
Baseline

0.4

0.2

0.0

400 500 600 700 800

Wavelength/nm

Figure 3.3.1: Instantaneous Absorbance spectra of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Cu2+ in pH-4
Brahmaputra Water [A] & Visual changing in colour of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Cu 2+in
pH-4 Brahmaputra Water in order from left to right (0 µM -1000 µM).

0.1

1.1 B1 B2
0.0

1.0
Peak Absorbance/a.u.

Peak Absorbance/a.u.

-0.1

0.9
-0.2

0.8 -0.3

0.7 -0.4

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
2+ 2+
Conc of Cu / Log Conc of Cu

Figure 3.3.2: Longitudinal absorbance LSPR peak shift [B1] and [B2].
 1.4
2+
Conc. of Cu (M)
C 0
1
1.2 3
Decreasing 5
7
Abs 10
1.0 20
50
2+
Absorbance/a.u.

Cu 100
0.8 200
500
1000
Increasing 2000
0.6 5000
Abs Baseline

0.4

0.2

0.0

400 500 600 700 800

Wavelength/nm

Figure 3.3.1: After 24 hours Absorbance spectra of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Cu2+ in raw
Brahmaputra Water [A].

0.1 0.1
C1 C2
0.0 0.0

-0.1 -0.1
Peak Absorbance/a.u.
Peak Absorbance/a.u.

-0.2 -0.2

-0.3 -0.3

-0.4 -0.4

-0.5 -0.5

-0.6 -0.6

-0.7 -0.7

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
2+
2+
Conc of Cu / Log Conc of Cu

Figure 3.3.2: Longitudinal absorbance LSPR peak shift [C1] and [C2].
 2+
Conc. of Cu (M)
1.2 D 0
1
3
Decreasing 5
1.0 7
Abs 10
2+
Cu 20
50
Absorbance/a.u.

0.8 100
200
Increasing 500
1000
Abs

0.6 Abs 2000

5000
Baseline

0.4

0.2

0.0

400 500 600 700 800

Wavelength/nm

Figure 3.3.1: After 24 hours Absorbance spectra of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Cu 2+ in pH-4
Brahmaputra Water [A].

0.0
D1 0.0
D2
-0.1 -0.1
Peak Absorbance/a.u.

-0.2
Peak Absorbance/a.u.

-0.2

-0.3
-0.3

-0.4
-0.4

-0.5
-0.5

-0.6
-0.6

-0.7
-0.7
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
2+ -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Conc of Cu / 2+
Conc of Cu /

Figure 3.3.2: Longitudinal absorbance LSPR peak shift [D1] and [D2].
3.3.2 LSPR sensing with Pb2+ in Brahmaputra Water
1.4
2+
Conc. of Pb (M)

1.2
A 0
1
Red shift 3
5
1.0 7
10
Absorbance/a.u.

20
0.8 2+
Pb 50
100
0.6 200
500
1000
0.4 Baseline

0.2

0.0

400 500 600 700 800

Wavelength/nm

Figure 3.3.1: Absorbance spectra of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Pb2+ in raw Brahmaputra
Water [A] & Visual changing in colour of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Pb2+in raw
Brahmaputra Water in order from left to right (0 µM -1000 µM).

0.1
0.1
A1 A2
0.0 0.0
Peak Absorbance/a.u.

-0.1
Peak Absorbance/a.u.

-0.1

-0.2 -0.2

-0.3
-0.3

-0.4
-0.4

-0.5
-0.5

-0.6
-0.6
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
2+
Conc of Pb / Log Conc of Pb
2+

Figure 3.3.2: Longitudinal absorbance LSPR peak shift [A1] and [A2].
 2+
Conc. of Pb (M)
1.2
B 0
1
Red shift 3
1.0 5
7
10
Absorbance/a.u.

0.8 20
2+ 50
Pb 100
0.6 200
500
1000
Baseline
0.4

0.2

0.0

400 500 600 700 800

Wavelength/nm

Figure 3.3.1: Absorbance spectra of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Pb2+ in pH-4 Brahmaputra
Water [A] & Visual changing in colour of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Pb2+in pH-4
Brahmaputra Water in order from left to right (0 µM -1000 µM).
0.1
0.1
B1 B2
0.0
0.0
Peak Absorbance/a.u.

-0.1
Peak Absorbance/a.u.

-0.1

-0.2 -0.2

-0.3
-0.3

-0.4
-0.4
-0.5

-0.5
0 200 400 600 800 1000 -0.6
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
2+
Conc of Pb / 2+
Log Conc of Pb

Figure 3.3.2: Longitudinal absorbance LSPR peak shift [B1] and [B2].
3.3.1 LSPR sensing with Hg2+ in Brahmaputra Water
2+
Blue Shift Conc. of Hg (M)
1.2 A 0
1
Decreasing 3
1.0 5
Abs
7
10
Absorbance/a.u.

0.8 20
2+ 50
Hg 100
200
0.6
500
1000
Baseline
0.4

0.2

0.0

400 500 600 700 800

Wavelength/nm

Figure 3.3.1: Absorbance spectra of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Hg2+ in raw Brahmaputra
Water [A] & Visual changing in colour of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Hg 2+in raw
Brahmaputra Water in order from left to right (0 µM -1000 µM).

0
A1 0
A2
-10 -10

-20 -20
Peak Shift/nm
Peak Shift/nm

-30 -30

-40 -40

-50 -50

-60 -60

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
2+
Conc of Hg / Log Conc of Hg
2+

Figure 3.3.2: Longitudinal absorbance LSPR peak shift [A1] and [A2].
 1.4
2+
Conc. of Hg (M)
B Blue Shift 0
1
1.2
3
5
Decreasing
1.0 7
Abs 10
20
Absorbance/a.u.

0.8 50
100
200
2+ 500
0.6 Hg 1000
Baseline

0.4

0.2

0.0

400 500 600 700 800

Wavelength/nm

Figure 3.3.3: Absorbance spectra of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Hg2+ in pH-4 Brahmaputra
Water [A] & Visual changing in colour of AgNPs with increasing concentration of Hg 2+in pH-4
Brahmaputra Water in order from left to right (0 µM -1000 µM).

0
B1 0
B2
-10 -10

-20 -20
Peak Shift/nm

Peak Shift/nm

-30 -30

-40 -40

-50 -50

-60 -60

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
2+
Conc of Hg / Log Conc of Hg
2+

Figure 1.3.4: Longitudinal absorbance LSPR peak shift [B1] and [B2].