Training Indra PDF

ATM / CNS
TRAINING COURSE
MONOPULSE SECONDARY RADAR
INTERROGATOR MODE-S SYSTEM
(IRS-20MP/S)
Secondary Surveillance Radar
Doc. Nº: 0011810000800MA03

Edition: 4 Revision: 0
Date: 05/10/2009
MONOPULSE SECONDARY RADAR INTERROGATOR MODE-S SYSTEM (IRS-20MP/S)
WARNING OF CONFIDENTIALITY
Warning of Confidentiality
Doc. Nº: 0011810000800MA03

Indra owns the copyright of this document, which is supplied confidentially and must not be used for
Date: 05/10/2009
any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. It must not be reproduced either wholly or
partially, copied or transmitted to any person without the authorization of Indra.
2
DOCUMENTATION CONTROL
PAGE EDITION AND REVISION RECORD DOCUMENT CHANGES RECORD
PAGE EDITION REVISION EDITION REVISION DATE AFFECTED PAGES REASON OF THE CHANGES
1 to 107 1 0 1 0 14/04/2008 All First Edition.
1 to 107 2 0 2 0 05/05/2008 All Second Edition.
1 to 107 3 0 3 0 30/03/2009 All Update.
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1 to 107 4 0 4 0 05/10/2009 All Update.
Date: 05/10/2009
4
ACRONYMS
ACP Azimuth Control Position

AMP Amplitude
ANT Antenna
ARP Azimuth Reference Pulse
AST ASTERIX (EUROCONTROL data format)
ATCC Air Traffic Control Centre
ATT Attenuation
BDS Binary Data Sub-field
BITE Built in Test Equipment
COM Communication
CTRL Control
CTT Transmitter-TRA Unit
CTU Control Transmitter Unit
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dB Decibel
dBm Decibel relative to 1 milliWatt
DCV Direct Current Voltage
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DF Downlink Format
EMU Exciter Modulator Unit
ENC Encoder
5
ACRONYMS
FW Firmware
GPS Global Positioning System
GTC Gain Time Control
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation.
II Interrogator Identifier Code
IP Internet Protocol
LAN Local Area Network
LC Liquid Crystal
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LMP Link Management Process
LVA Large Vertical Aperture
MEX Mode S Extractor Unit
MFEX Mode S Extractor Power Supply Unit
MICA Advanced Control and Interface Module
MOD Modulation
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MRU Multichannel Receiver Unit
MSSR Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
Date: 05/10/2009
MTTR Mean Time To Repair
MVEX Mode S Extractor Fans Unit
M&C Management & Control System
6
ACRONYMS
NTP Network Time Protocol

PAN Rear Connections Panel
PPI Plan Position Indicator
PRC Power Relay Control
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PV Video Gate
RF Radio Frequency
RSLS Receiver Side-Lobe Suppression
RRF RF Relay
RX Receiver
SAU Sum Amplifier Unit
SCR Radar Communication System
SDU Sum Driver Unit
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SI Surveillance Identifier.
SLG Local Management & Control System
SPI Special Position Indicator
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SRG Remote Management & Control System
STC Sensitivity Time Control
SW Software
7
ACRONYMS
TCPD Digital Control and Process Board

TCPU CPU Board
TDLS Serial Data Lines Board
TFU Transmitter Fans Unit
TG Trigger
TP Test Point
TPS Transmitter Power Supply Unit
TRA Transmitter-Receiver-Antenna Interface Unit
UCS Supervision & Control Unit
UF Uplink Format
UTS Supervision & Test Unit
VME Versa Module Eurocard
VN Normalized Video
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VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
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8
INDEX
01 General Description
Elements and Location
Block Diagram
Functional Description
Interrogator Technical Features
02 Description of Elements
Transmitter Unit
Transmitter-Receiver-Antenna Interface Unit (TRA)
Transmitter Power Supply Unit (TPS)
Multi Channel Receiver Unit (MRU)
Mode-S Extractor Unit
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03 Operation
UCS
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04 Supervision
From UCS Main Screen
CTT Supervision
MEX Supervision
9
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Elements & Location
MSSR MODE-S RACK
CHANNEL 1 CHANNEL 2
TRANSMITTER-TRA UNIT (CTT)
TRANSMITTER FANS UNITS (TFU)
TRANSMITTER POWER
SUPPLY UNIT (TPS)
MODE S EXTRACTOR POWER

SUPPLY UNIT (MFEX)
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MODE S EXTRACTOR UNIT (MEX)
MODE S EXTRACTOR FANS
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UNIT (MVEX)
MULTICHANNEL RECEIVER UNIT (MRU)
10
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Elements & Location
IRS-20MP/S system is composed of two identical interrogator

channels.
Each channel is composed of:

Mode S Transmitter: composed by EMU, SDU, SAU and CTU
Transmitter Power Supply Module (TPS)
Transmitter Fans Unit (TFU)
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Multi-channel Receiver Unit (MRU)
Mode S Power Supply Extractor Unit (MFEX)
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Mode S Extractor Fans Unit (MVEX)
Mode S Extractor (MEX)
11
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Elements & Location
Each channel is connected to one port of the RRF (RF Switch). Through
this, the channel in main state is connected to the antenna, and the stand-
by channel is connected to 50Ω loads.
All these items are integrated in a 19” rack per channel as follows:
The sub-rack upper part contains the set composed of Mode S Transmitter
and Transmitter-Receiver-Antenna Interface Unit (CTT).
Transmitter Fans Unit.
Mode S Transmitter Power Supply Module (TPS).
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Multichannel Receiver Unit (MRU) and Mode S Extractor Unit (MEX), with its
own power supply (MFEX) and fans unit (MVEX), are integrated in the same
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module of the rack.
12
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Block Diagram
ANTENNA
∑ Ω ∆
ARP/ACP Encoder 1
ARP/ACP Encoder 2 PEDESTAL
RF ∑ RF ∑
INTERROGATOR CHANNEL 1 RF Ω RF Ω INTERROGATOR CHANNEL 2
RF ∆ RF ∆
RRF
TRANSMITTER TPS TPS TRANSMITTER
TFU TFU
RF ∑ DUMMY RF ∑
SDU SAU TRA LOADS TRA SAU SDU
RF Ω RF Ω
EMU EMU
CTU CTU
∑ Amp Mod ∑ Amp Mod
BITE Ω POWER SELCT Ω POWER SELCT BITE
∑ Phase Mod CTRL CTRL ∑ Phase Mod
Ω Amp Mod ∑ POWER SELCT CH1 PRC CH2 PRC ∑ POWER SELCT
TRA TRA Ω Amp Mod
CONTROL CONTROL
SYNCHRONISM
∑, Ω , ∆, ∑, Ω , ∆,
MEX M MONOPULSE, ∑, Ω, ∆ VIDEOS M MEX
VIDEOS VIDEOS
MICA03 T TCPD MICA03
TCPD T
C GTC
MRU MRU GTC
C
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EXTERNAL TG P MFEX MFEX P EXTERNAL TG
MICA02 UTCPU MICA02
TPS/MEX BITE TDLS MVEX MVEX TDLS U TPS/MEX BITE
ARP, ACP, RPT, TG, VIDEO TO PPI
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RADAR DATA SERIAL LINES (COM1-COM4)
LAN 1
LAN 2
ARP/ACP Encoder 1
ARP/ACP Encoder 2 RADAR DATA NTP1 NTP2 SCR ASCR B
SERIAL LINES SLG1 SLG2 SGR X.25 ATCC
(COM1-COM4)
ARP, ACP, RPT, TG, VIDEO TO PPI
PAN
13
RADAR DATA SERIAL LINES
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Block Diagram: Description
From functional point of view: MSSR Mode S is a double channel system

comprising:
Transmitter (Mode S Transmitter)
Receiver (MRU)
Data Extractor (MEX)
The Channel in Main state is connected to a Large Vertical Aperture (LVA)

Monopulse Antenna, which can be co-mounted with a primary radar antenna, or on
its own antenna motor drive in those applications of stand-alone MSSR Mode S
Radar.
The control and monitoring of the Interrogator System is carried out both on local
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and remote sites, via UCS (control system unit) application installed in the
management and control systems. This remote control allows performance of the
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same orders as the ones performed in local control.
The Interrogator System operates, at full performance, with a high degree of safety
and reliability in an autonomous way without need of the operator’s intervention.
14
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Functional Description: Transmission Process
INTERROGATOR CHANNEL PEDESTAL ANTENNA
RRF INTERROGATIONS TO
MODE S TPS AIRCRAFTS
TRA
TRANSMITTER
TFU
MFEX
MEX MRU CONTROL=REMOTE + appropriate profile Æ
MVEX ACTIVATE INTERROGATION in SRG.
REMOTE STATION
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LAN 1
LAN 2
SELECT STRATEGY EXTERNAL
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LINKS
SLG UCS PARAMETERS: power SCR SCR SRG
level, azimuth sectors…
ACTIVATE INTERROGATION
in UCS
15
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Functional Description: Transmission Process
Mode S transmitter receives suitable signals from the data extractor in order to
modulate, amplify and perform RF transmission of the interrogation for the SUM
channel (P1, P2, P3, P4 and P6, depending on the interrogation mode) and for the
OMNI channel (P1, P2 and P5 depending on the interrogation mode).
The transmitter allows any type of interlacing among the selectable modes (1,2, 3/A,
B, C, D, Intermodes and S).
Maximum output power is 65 dBm ± 1dB for both SUM and OMNI channels. The
transmitter is equipped with suitable circuitry for changing the nominal power (7
different levels).
The interrogation mode, interlacing, output power and other transmission
characteristics (as PRF, interrogation periods, azimuth sectors, etc.) are set from
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Management and Control Systems (SLG in local and SRG in remote locations-
information is received via communication systems).
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RF SUM and OMNI signals (of channel in MAIN state) are routed via TRA
(Transmitter/Receiver/Antenna Interface) to the RF switch (RRF). From this point,
signals arrives through the pedestal to the antenna that sends the interrogations to
the aircrafts. 16
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Functional Description: Reception Process
INTERROGATOR CHANNEL PEDESTAL ANTENNA
RRF REPLIES TO RADAR

TPS
MODE S
TRA
TRANSMITTER TFU
MFEX
MEX MRU
MVEX
REMOTE STATION
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LAN 1
LAN 2
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EXTERNAL
LINKS SCR SRG ATCC
SLG SGR SCR
TARGET LIST
TARGET LIST PLOT PPI
PPI DISPLAYING
17
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Functional Description: Reception Process
Replies from transponders to radar system are received simultaneously by the

SUM, OMNI and DIFF antenna diagrams.
These signals pass through the pedestal and are routed to the MAIN channel
receiver by the RRF and TRA.
The simultaneous reception on the SUM and DIFF channels is carried out in order
to correct the target azimuth through the monopulse system. Reception on the
SUM and OMNI channels is used to suppress replies received by the Sum Diagram
side lobes (RSLS).
Multichannel Receiver Unit generates four videos at its output: SUM, DIFF, OMNI
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and Monopulse videos (these are duplicated to be sent to both channel data
extractors).
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Videos are sent to Extractor Module where radar data information is extracted and
sent to Management and Control System (SLG and SRG-information is received
via communication systems), and Graphic systems.
18
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Functional Description: Extractor Module
ANTENNA
INTERROGATOR CHANNEL
PEDESTAL
RRF
MODE S TPS
TRA
TRANSMITTER
TFU
OMNI Amp Mod
SUM Phase & Amp
Mod
MFEX
MEX MRU
MVEX
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SUM, OMNI ,
DIFF, M VIDEOS
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Management & Control
and Graphic Systems
19
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Extractor Module has the following main functions:

Generates the modulation signals to be transmitted.
Receives and processes the videos received from MRU.
Detects SSR and Mode S replies.
Forms plots for all aircraft.
Outputs plots (in ASTERIX format) to the management and control
system, to graphic system and to ATC.
It also implement a BITE (Built in Test Equipment) , executed in
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real time and distributed among different units of the radar of both
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channels. The information obtained from the BITE as well as the
possible alarms are displayed on the UCS application in both local
and remote management and control systems. 20
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Extractor Module is divided into three main processing blocks, in

order to perform those functions:
Video processor.
Real Time Channel Controller (RTCC) including:

Interrogator Scheduler
SSR and Mode S Reply Processors.
Link Control (LC) including:

Plot Assignor Function (PAF)
Link Management Process (LMP)
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Roll-Call List
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MEX is composed five different boards (TDLS, TCPD, TCPU, MICA02,
MICA03) where those functions are implemented.
21
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Range: 256 NM Azimuth Bias Error 0<Φ<6º: ≤ 0.022º

Radar Coverage
Altitude: 66000 ft (Φ= elevation angle) 6<Φ<10º: ≤ 0.033º
Probability of Detection SSR: ≥ 97% Azimuth Random Error 1σ ≤ 0.068º
(Pd) Mode S: ≥ 99%
Precision Range: ≤ 1/128 NM
Mode 3/A: ≥ 98 % Azimuth: ≤ 0.022º
Probability of Code
Mode C : ≥ 96 %
Validation Mode S : ≥ 99 % Global Jumps Rate < 0.05 %
Mode 3/A: < 0.1% Target Load per scan ≤ 900

Validated false Codes
Mode C: < 0.1%
Per 45º sector ≥ 225
False Targets < 0.1%
Per 3,5º sector ≥ 54
Range Bias Error ≤ 14m
Useful Duty Cycle 15 years
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Mode S: 1σ ≤ 15m
Range Random Error MTBF > 40,000 h
SSR: 1σ ≤ 30m
MTTR < 20 min
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22
INDEX
Block Diagram
Transmitter Unit
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03 Operation
UCS
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04 Supervision
CTT Supervision
MEX Supervision
23
DESCRIPTION OF ELEMENTS
Transmitter Unit: Block Diagrams
ANTENNA
SAU SDU TRA EMU CTU 42 dBm 62 dBm 65 dBm

ANTENNA
PEDESTAL
TRANSMITTER TPS
TFU
SUM RF SUM
RF ∑ SDU SAU TRA
RF OMNI
EMU OMNI
CTU
RF Ω
BITE CTRL TRA

OMNIi Amp Mod OMNI POW. SELCT.
SUM Phase Ω Amp Mod
SUM POWER SELCT.
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MEX
OMNI Amp Mod
SUM Phase Ω Amp Mod
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24
Transmitter Unit: Interfaces
TRANSMITTER INTERFACES
TRANSMITTER
TRANSMITTER INPUT RECEIVED FROM SENT TO
OUTPUT
SUM Amplitude Modulation EMU BIT
SUM Phase Modulation SDU BIT
MEX
OMNI Amplitude Modulation MEX SAU BIT
SUM Output Power Selection CTU BIT
OMNI Output Power Selection RF SUM (1030 MHz)
TRA
RF OMNI (1030 MHz)
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25
Transmitter Unit: Description
The Mode S Transmitter is a dual solid-state transmitter, one for

Sum path and other for Omni path.
The Mode S Transmitter receives suitable signals from the data

extractor to modulate, amplify and transmits the interrogation
pulses by RF:
Transmitter for SUM Channel: generates the following interrogation

pulses
P1, P3, P4: for SSR/Intermodes
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P1, P2, P6: for Mode S interrogations
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Transmitter for OMNI Channel generates:
P2 / P1 and P2: for ISLS/IISLS functions in SSR interrogations
P5: for ISLS function in All-Call or Selective Mode S interrogations
26
Transmitter Unit: Description
The transmitter allows any type of interlacing between the

selectable modes (1, 2, 3/A, B, C, D, Intermodes and S) with the
suitable duty cycle. The mode interlacing is programmable by
azimuth sectors, including non-interrogation sectors. Interlacing
sequences are fully controlled from MEX module.
The transmitter has 7 different power levels which the user may
program as continuous or by azimuth sectors.
It is possible to program azimuth sectors in which interrogation
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transmission is disabled (Blanking Sector). This functionality is
performed by MEX and sectoring is defined by user in the
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SLG/SRG workstations.
27
Transmitter Unit: Output Power
For modes 1,2,3/A ,B,C and D, output power selection can be

done both by a constant selection or by programming azimuth
sectors in which different power levels (Level 7-Level 1) can be
selected. This functionality is performed by MEX and sectoring is
defined by user on the SLG/SRG workstations.
For Selective Mode S interrogations, output power selection will be

automatically performed by MEX to cover the target range by using
a table of range limits for each output power. Using this table it is
also possible to select a continuous output power for Selective
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Mode S Interrogations.
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28
Transmitter Unit: Modules Description
Mode S Transmitter comprises four modules:

EMU (Exciter Modulator Unit) containing:
For SUM Channel: Amplitude and phase modulators
For OMNI Channel: Amplitude modulator and the pre-amplifier
It also includes its own BIT (Built in Test) circuits
SDU (Sum Driver Unit) containing:
For SUM Channel: Pre-amplifier
Its own BIT circuits
CTU (Control Transmitter Unit) containing:
For OMNI Channel: Final amplification stage
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OMNI Channel Power control
Its own BIT circuits
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SAU (Sum Amplifier Unit) containing:
For SUM Channel: Final amplification stage
SUM Channel Power control
Its own BIT circuits. 29
Transmitter Unit: Maintenance
The Mode S transmitter does not require any adjustment or setting up

following replacement of any module (EMU, SDU, SAU and CTU).
The Mode S transmitter does not requires any preventive

maintenance of any module.
Every transmitter modules includes a powerful BITE which detects

possible malfunctions and RF output port mismatching providing self-
protection by stopping radiation in case a high VSWR were detected.
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All transmitter BITE information is sent to the UCS application via the
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corresponding MEX module.
30
Transmitter Unit: Test Points
SDU: SK2 Input Power Monitor. SAU SDU EMU CTU

Att: -26 dB EMU: SK4 Frequency
Pmeasured: 42dBm-26dB: 16dBm Monitor 0 dBm @ 1030 ±
0,01 MHz
SAU: SK5 HPA2 Power

Monitor. Att: -54 dB
CTU: SK5 HPA2 Power
SAU: SK6 Output Power Monitor.
Att: -57 dB
Pmeasured: 65dBm-57dB: 8dBm CTU: SK6 Output Power
Pmeasured: 65dBm-57dB: 8dBm
SAU: SK4 HPA1 Power
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CTU: SK4 HPA1 Power
SAU: SK5 Output Power Monitor. Example: Level 7
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Att: -48dB SDU Input: 42 dBm
Pmeasured: 62dBm-48dB: 14dBm SDU Output: 62 dBm
SAU and CTU Inputs: 62 dBm
SAU and CTU Outputs: 65 dBm
31
Transmitter Unit: Technical Features
Interrogation 1030 MHz + 0.01 Mhz Output Power Level 7: Pmax= >64 dBm
Frequency Control Level 6: Pmax – 2dB ± 1dB
Interrogation Modes 1,2,3/A, B, C, D and S Level 5: Pmax – 4dB ± 1dB
Level 4: Pmax – 6dB ± 1dB
P1, P2, P3, P5 Pulses Width: 0.8+ 0.1 µs
Rise time: 50-100ns
Fall time: 50ns-200ns
P4 Pulse Width: 0.8+ 0.1 µs (Short)
Duty cycle Long term: SUM Channel: 6.5%
1.6 + 0.1 µs (Long)
Long term: OMNI Channel: 0.24%
Rise time: 50-100ns
Short term (2,4ms) SUM Channel: 65%
Fall time: 50ns-200ns
Short term (2,4ms) OMNI Channel: 1.8%
P6 Width: 16.25 + 0.25 µs (Short)
PRF Internal Trigger: 50-450 interrogations/second can
30.25 + 0.25 µs (Long)
be selected manually when NO mode S is used.
Rise time: 50-100ns
Pseudo-random PRF is internally generated if
Fall time: 50ns-200ns STAGGER function is selected. This functionality is
Nominal Peak Power Peak Out Power: 65 dBm + 1dB performed by MEX and sectoring is defined by user
on SLG/SRG workstations.
Output impedance: 50 Ohms
When Mode S operation is selected, PRF depends
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P1-P3 difference of Peak power
on strategy chosen.
level < 1dB
Low/High Power at SAU/CTU outputs
Alarms
Channel Isolation > 70dB
Temperature Warning and Alarm (60º/62º in
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Output Power SSR: - 0.5 dB between P1 and radiator)
Stability (measured P3/P4 High SWR at SDU, SAU and CTU outputs
over a 2000 hour Mode S: -1dB between P1 and Power Supply Failure
period) the end of P6
SAU/CTU switched off warning
32
Transmitter-Receiver-Antenna Interface Unit (TRA):
Block Diagrams
ANTENNA
ANTENNA
SAU SDU TRA EMU CTU
PEDESTAL
TRANSMITTER TPS
TFU
RF SUM
RF SUM
SDU SAU TRA RF OMNI
RF OMNI
EMU RF DIFF
CTU
CTRL RF SUM
TRA
RF OMNI
RF DIFF
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MEX MRU
Date: 05/10/2009
RF SUM
RF OMNI
RF DIFF
MRU
33
Interfaces
TRA INTERFACES
TRA INPUT RECEIVED FROM TRA OUTPUT SENT TO
RF SUM (1030 MHz) SAU RF SUM (1090 MHz)
RF OMNI (1030 MHz) CTU RF OMNI (1090 MHz) MRU
RF SUM (1090 MHz) RF DIFF (1090 MHz)

RF OMNI (1090 MHz) ANTENNA Control TRA (BITE) MEX
RF DIFF (1090 MHz)
Control TRA (Test Target) MEX
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34
Signal Routing
From
SAU
Att: 50 dB
From
CTU
Att: 50 dB
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Date: 05/10/2009
Att: 50 dB
35
The main functionalities of the TRA (Transmitter-Receiver-

Antenna Interface Unit) are the following:
It routes RF signals by means of passive circulators:

In transmission, the TRA routes output power at 1030MHz towards the
LVA antenna (SUM and OMNI Channels).
In reception, the TRA routes the received replies at 1090 MHz towards
the MRU (SUM, OMNI and DIFF Channels). The TRA contains three
pre-selective filters (for SUM, OMNI and DIFF channels), in charge of
eliminating out of band signals.
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From test points:
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Transmitted signals (SUM and OMNI) can be measured.
External test signals (pulses or replies) at RF level towards the MRU
can be injected. 36
TRA Control (CTRA)
TRA SERIAL LINE:

Test Target Modulation Signals
Requests of power measurements
OMNI Transmitted and Reflected Power
SUM Measurements (in Transmission)
MRU BITE
DIFF
~
OMNI Output OL 1090 MHz MEX
Power Meas. SERIAL LINE Test Target Mod Signals
SUM Output
Power Meas. Analog To
DETECTORS Digital
SUM Reflect Conversor L
Power Meas.
A
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OMNI Reflect N
Power Meas.
CTRA RF Part CTRA Digital Part UCS
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SWR Calculation
37
The TRA contains CTRA (TRA Control) module, which main

functionalities are:
Injection of a Test Target (programmed from UCS). The CTRA receives

modulation signals and produces the RF signals in order to inject them in the
MRU. Each scan, test target is generated, and therefore, is received,
processed and detected as a real target in the MRU.
The CTRA collects samples of SUM and OMNI transmitted and reflected
signals, digitalizes these values and sends them to the MEX. The MEX sends
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all these values (SUM and OMNI transmitted and reflected power and VSWR),
as well as TRA BITE to the Local and Remote Management system. Then, the
UCS application calculates the VSWR ratios of both channels and shows
Date: 05/10/2009
these values with the previous ones received (transmitted and reflected
power) in Measures tab.
38
Test Points
TRA:
- SK4 Power Monitor OMNI (CONTROL). Att: 50 dB
- Injection of the OMNI (CONTROL) Signal.
TRA:
- SK3 Power Monitor SUM. Att: 50 dB
- Injection of the SUM Signal.
TRA:
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- SK5 Injection of the DIFFERENCE Signal.
- Att: 50 dB
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39
+5VDC -15VDC +15VDC +28VDC +48VDC
This module supplies all DC voltages necessary for the EMU, SDU, CTU, SAU and
TRA.
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This module comprises five COTS power supplies:
+ 48VDC.
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+ 28VDC.
+ 15VDC / –15VDC.
+ 5VDC.
It has five test points to monitor easily the DC voltages. 40
Multi Channel Receiver Unit (MRU): General Description
GTC
SUM VS
~
OMNI VO
TRA ~ MEX
DIFF MRU VD
~
MONOPL
VM
RF: 1090 MHz O.L. DECT
1030 MHz
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Dual
MRU MEX
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41
Multi Channel Receiver Unit (MRU): Interfaces
MRU INTERFACES
MRU INPUT RECEIVED FROM MRU OUTPUT SENT TO
RF SUM (1090 MHz) MONOPULSE VIDEO
RF OMNI (1090 MHz) TRA SUM VIDEO
MEX (TCPD)
RF DIFF (1090 MHz) OMNI VIDEO
GTC MEX DIFF VIDEO
MONOPULSE VIDEO
SUM VIDEO
TO DUAL MEX
OMNI VIDEO
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DIFF VIDEO
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42
Multi Channel Receiver Unit (MRU): Description
Replies signals sent by the aircraft transponders at 1090 MHz are received
simultaneously by the three antenna channels, Sum, Omni and Difference, and
routed to the MRU via the RF switch and TRA Unit.
The Transmitter-Receiver-Antenna Interface Unit contains three pre-selective

filters, in charge of eliminating out of band signals.
The MRU consists of an 3 channel receptor (Sum, Difference and Omni) that
processes and demodulates the RF input signals, in order to obtain 4 video
signals: Sum Video, Omni Video, Difference Video and Monopulse Video.
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Video outputs are sent to extractor unit: they are inputs for the video digitalizing
board (TCPD).
Date: 05/10/2009
These videos are sent to both extractor units, so “stand-by” channel is receiving
the same video signals as the one in main state.
43
The MRU comprises the following stages:

1. RF amplification (1090 MHz)
2. Frequency image filter (high attenuation at 1030MHz, 970 MHz)
3. Generation and distribution of local oscillator signal (1030MHz, to
demodulate at IF)
4. Conversion of RF to intermediate frequency (IF: 60MHz)
5. Amplification at IF
6. Band pass filter at IF
7. Variable attenuator, controlled by GTC: to compensate the power variations
due to target range.
The receiver has eight different user selectable pre-programmed GTC laws
which the user can select by sectors, independently of the power or the
Doc. Nº: 0011810000800MA03

interlacing modes.
Σ,Δ VM
Monopulse
Date: 05/10/2009
Σ,Ω,Δ Σ,Ω,Δ Σ,Ω,Δ Σ,Ω,Δ Σ,Ω,Δ Detector
RF F. Image IF IF B. P. Variable
Amp Filter ~ Amp Filter Att
1090 MHz 60 MHz Logarithm. VΣ,VΩ,VΔ
Detector
O.L
Σ,Ω,Δ
1030 MHz
GTC CONTROL
44
SUM and DIFF signals are sent to Monopulse Detector to obtain Monopulse
Video Signal:
Monopulse Detector receives SUM and DIFF signals and extracts the information
of antenna pointing error related to the arrival azimuth of RF signal.
This device produces the monopulse video which amplitude is proportional to the
angle formed by the direction from which the reply was received and the direction
to which the axis of the antenna is pointing.
The Monopulse Detector belongs to the family of the phase detection devices and
its type is called “Half-Angle”.
Monopulse function improves the accuracy of the detected target azimuth.
SUM, DIFF and OMNI are sent to Logarithmic detection stage: it provides
voltages proportional to input (SUM, OMNI and DIFFERENCE) power (dBm).
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These signals are the VIDEO signals at the MRU output.
Σ,Δ VM
Monopulse
Date: 05/10/2009
Σ,Ω,Δ Σ,Ω,Δ Σ,Ω,Δ Σ,Ω,Δ Σ,Ω,Δ Detector
RF F. Image IF IF B. P. Variable
Amp Filter ~ Amp Filter Att
1090 MHz 60 MHz Logarithm. VΣ,VΩ,VΔ
Detector
O.L
Σ,Ω,Δ
1030 MHz
GTC CONTROL
45
Multi Channel Receiver Unit (MRU): Video Distribution
MRU
Output Videos to MEX (to TCPD):
SUM Video
OMNI Video
DIFF Video
MONOPULSE Video
Output Videos to MRU TEST CARD:

TP23: SUM Video
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TP12: OMNI Video
TP6: DIFFERENCE Video MRU Rear Panel: Output Videos to DUAL MEX
DUAL MEX
TP17: MONOPULSE Video SUM Video
Date: 05/10/2009
OMNI Video
DIFF Video
MONOPULSE Video
46
Multi Channel Receiver Unit (MRU): Technical Features
Nominal Receiver Frequency 1090 MHz + 0.5 MHz

Bandwidth (-3 dB) 10 MHz
Receiver Tangential Sensitivity Better than -87 dBm
Receiver Noise (Noise figure) < 5dB
Signal/Noise of Monopulse > 15 dB
Detector
Dynamic Range 70 dB
Typical transfer graph is logarithmic
Side band suppression f < 1060 MHz and f>1120 Mhz: Suppression > 90 dB
Image Frequency Suppression > 80 dB
Intermediate Frequency 60 MHz
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Interferences The receiver is capable of operating in the presence of CW (from -
95dBm to -20dBm). Following the removal of the detected CW
interference, replies will be detected, decoded and processed no later
Date: 05/10/2009
than 2ms after the end of the interference.
47
Mode-S Extractor Unit: HW Diagram
TDLS MFEX
TCPD
MEX
Raw TEST
Videos
POINTS
TCPU
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MVEX
Date: 05/10/2009
MCPU MICA02 MICA03
48
Mode-S Extractor Unit: HW Diagram
EMU, SDU, SAU and CTU BITE

Σ AMPLITUDE MODULATION
Ω POWER SELECTION (to CTU)
Σ PHASE MODULATION
Σ POWER SELECTION (to SAU)
Ω AMPLITUDE MODULATION TRA CONTROL
SYNCHRONISM (to dual MEX)
MEX Σ VIDEO
Ω VIDEO
MICA03 TCPD Δ VIDEO
V T M VIDEO
E
M
C GTC
PRC CONTROL
EXTERNAL TG B
P MFEX
TPS/MEX BITE
MICA02 U U MVEX
ARP/ACP Enc2 S
TDLS
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ARP/ACP Enc1
Date: 05/10/2009
ARP, ACP, RPT, RADAR DATA
TG, VIDEO TO LAN1 SERIAL LINES
PPI LAN 2 (COM1-COM4)
49
Mode-S Extractor Unit: Test Points
MEX: TCPD Test Points

• TP1: PV (Video Gate)
• TP2: Normalized Video
• TP3: RSLS
• TP4: Bracket Detection
• TP5: Preamble Detection
MEX: Front Panel Test Points
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• BST: MSSR Trigger (Beacon System
Trigger) • CAM: Omni Amplitude Modulation
• IG/PI: Interrogation Gate • ACPA: Signal A of Azimuth Count Pulses
Date: 05/10/2009
• VG/PV: Video Gate • ACPB: Signal B of Azimuth Count Pulses
• VN: Normalized Video • ARP: Azimuth Reference Pulse
• SAM: Sum Amplitude Modulation • 2 BNC Spare Connectors: Reserved for
• SPM: Sum Phase Modulation future use
50
Mode-S Extractor Unit: Interfaces
MEX INTERFACES
TDSL
MEX INPUT RECEIVED FROM MEX OUTPUT SENT TO
COM1-COM4 EXTERNAL
TCPD
MEX INPUT RECEIVED FROM MEX OUTPUT SENT TO
SUM VIDEO MRU CGTC MRU
DIFF VIDEO MRU
OMNI VIDEO MRU
MONOPULSE VIDEO MRU
SUM VIDEO DUAL MRU
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DIFF VIDEO DUAL MRU
OMNI VIDEO DUAL MRU
MONOPUSE VIDEO DUAL MRU
Date: 05/10/2009
TCPU
LAN 1 SWITCH 1 LAN 1 SWITCH 1
LAN 2 SWITCH 2 LAN 2 SWITCH 2
51
MEX INTERFACES
MICA 02 (interface with all HW I/O signals)
MICA 02 INPUT RECEIVED FROM MICA 02 OUTPUT SENT TO
RRF1 PRC PRC CONTROL (SELECT) PRC
RRF2 PRC ACP PPI
EXTERNAL TRIGGER EXTERNAL ARP PPI
TPS BITE TPS TG PPI PPI
ARP1/ACP1_A/ACP1_B ENC1 VIDEO TO PPI PPI
ARP2/ACP2_A/ACP2_B ENC2 ACP/ARP MICA 03 MICA 03
VN TCPD ACP/ARP TCPD TCPD
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TG UTS MICA 03 ACP/ARP UTS UTS
TG PPI_I MICA 03 TG UTS UTS
VN UTS UTS
Date: 05/10/2009
52
MEX INTERFACES
MICA 03 (interface with all HW I/O signals)
MICA 03 INPUT RECEIVED FROM MICA 03 OUTPUT SENT TO
EMU BITE EMU OMNI POWER CTU
SAU BITE SAU SUM POWER SAU
SDU BITE SDU SUM AMPL EMU
CTU BITE CTU SUM PHASE EMU
ARP/ACP MICA 02 OMNI AMPL EMU
TG EXTERNAL EXTERNAL TG TCPD TCPD
PV TCPD TCPD
TG UTS MICA 02
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TG PPI MICA 02
PI CTRA TRA
Date: 05/10/2009
SYNCHRONISM DUAL MEX
53
Mode-S Extractor Unit: HW Description
The Mode S Extractor MEX is built in a 19 inches, 6U sub-rack that includes:

The power supply module (MFEX) that provides the necessary voltages to MEX and
MRU.
The multi-channel receiver unit (MRU).
The digital boards comprising the radar data extractor.
The fans unit (MVEX) is located Under MEX. The MVEX keeps the appropriate
temperature in MEX.
The MEX comprises the following elements:

MICA03 card to interface with the Transmitter and TRA modules.
MICA02 card to interface with all hardware I/O signals (i.e. ACP, ARP, etc.).
The processing Module MCPU comprising:
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TCPD (Control and Digital Process card), to perform digital signal processing (reply detection
and decoding) and Real Time Control Channel function for Mode S operation. This board is
based in a powerful FPGA containing 10 million gates plus two embedded PowerPc®
Date: 05/10/2009
processors.
TDLS (Serial Lines Distribution card), to provide four multi-protocol serial lines. This module is
provided only if serial lines are required.
TCPU: CPU card based on single PowerPC® processor. 54
Mode-S Extractor Unit: Functional Description
The MEX module receives and processes videos received from MRU module,
detects SSR and Mode S replies, forms plots for all aircraft and output them to ATC
and to the Radar Maintenance Display. It also sends modulation signals to
transmitter and could re-interrogate if this were necessary.
The MEX controls MRU, Mode S transmitter and TRA digital interfaces:
With MRU: MEX controls all the GTC laws.
With MRU and Transmitter: MEX performs all the BITE processes, generating status and
alarm messages to the CAM (Control and Monitoring).
With TRA: MEX is connected to TRA via serial line, in order to command all the power
measurements (transmitted and reflected) and injection of test RF signals. TRA sends
these data to the MEX, and through it, to the system BITE and to the CAM.
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The MEX is able to process downlink data transactions generated both by request
Date: 05/10/2009
from the ground system (GICB- Ground Initiated Comm-B) and by transactions
initiated by the airborne system (AICB- Air Initiated Comm-B).
55
Mode-S Extractor Unit: Radar Processor Architecture
Raw INTRRGT
VIDEOS MOD
Firmware TCPD
FW-TCPD
TCPD
ROLL CALL LIST
Software TCPD
SSR/Mode S SW-TCPD
REPLIES
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Software TCPU
TCPU SW-CPU
Date: 05/10/2009
PLOTS
56
Mode-S Extractor Unit: Radar Processor Architecture
The MEX performs all the functions included in the Video Processor, Real
Time Channel Controller (RTCC) and the Link Control (LC):
MODE S PLOT DATA EXTRACTOR (MEX) FUNCTIONALITIES

CARD PERFORMED BY FUNCTION
FW-TCPD VIDEO PROCESSOR
FW/SW TCPD REAL TIME CHANNEL CONTROLLER (RTCC):
TCPD FW-TCPD SSR REPLY PROCESSOR
FW-TCPD MODE S REPLY PROCESSOR
SW-TCPD INTERROGATOR SCHEDULER
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SW CPU/TCPD LINK CONTROL (LC)
SWCPU Plot Assignor Function (PAF)
TCPU
SWCPU Link Management Process (LMP)
Date: 05/10/2009
SWCPU/SW-TCPD Roll Call List
57
Mode-S Extractor Unit: TCPD Main Functions
CARD FUNCTION GENERAL DESCRIPTION
VIDEO PROCESSOR Raw videos received from MRU are converted in Digital (Normalized) videos and
sent simultaneously to SSR and Mode S Reply Processors.
REAL TIME CHANNEL CONTROLLER Target process (implemented in TCPU) facilitates RTCC the information of
(RTCC): each aircraft that enters in the interrogation beam, and its desired transactions
Implemented in System on Chip (SoC) (Roll Call List).
RTCC generates the necessary interrogations to perform all the requested
transactions.
In each PV, the RTCC performs the reply process and manages all the re-
interrogations to each aircraft in the following selective interrogation period.
SSR / MODE S Reply Processors Signal process and 1/2/3/A/C/S Replies HW extraction.
The replies received from video processor are processed by SSR/Mode S
TCPD replies processors and create a report for each reply before it is sent to the LC.
SSR Reply Process performs Bracket detection
Mode S Reply Process performs Mode S preamble detection and HW error
detection and correction (CRC).
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Detected replies are sent to PAF as reports, containing: positional information
and SSR Codes for SSR replies, and IACO address, associated position,
message data and status for Mode S replies.
Interrogation Scheduler It schedules the interrogations to be sent to transmitter, taking into account
Date: 05/10/2009
information received from reply processors and LC (Roll Call List).
Generates all time and modulation signals for transmitter.
Controls RF output power.
Receives all transmitter bite signals to process and generate status and alarm
messages to CAM.
58
Mode-S Extractor Unit: TCPD Main Functions
CARD FUNCTION GENERAL DESCRIPTION
LINK CONTROL (LC) Transfers SSR and Mode S replies generated by FW-TCPD to PAF.
Decides which data are going to be requested to the aircraft and send it to SW-
TCPD (Interrogation Scheduler).
Provides the necessary mechanisms to the system, in order to perform the
monitoring of its functions.
Supervises and advices to CAM about overload conditions: if overload is
produced, LC will reduce progressively the range, maintaining only the process
of targets in areas of interest.
TCPU Plot Assignor Function (PAF) Processes all SSR and Mode S replies received from the RTCC.
Correlates tracks and targets, including false target detection and removal.
Outputs data in AST formats.
PAF actualizes Roll Call List.
Link Management Process (LMP) Controls all the Mode S link activities except Mode S All-Call.
Roll Call List Contains identification and positional information of targets that the station is
tracking.
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Actualized by PAF.
Date: 05/10/2009
59
Video Processor (FW-TCPD):

12 bit resolution Analogue to Digital conversion for
the four MRU output videos (∑,Ω,∆,M).
Sensitivity Time Control (STC):
STC law is applied to V∑d (digitalized video sum) to
eliminate all low amplitude video.
It works together with GTC on the MRU.
STC laws are applied as a variable threshold in
range for V∑. STC laws work from 0 to 36 or 100µs.
This allows eliminating false replies due to reflections
in close areas: direct replies will pass over STC but
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reflections of those replies –with less amplitude- will
be eliminating.
Nominal Sensitivity is better than -82 dBm.
Date: 05/10/2009
False pulse detected: less than 30pulses/second.
Narrow pulse rejection: received pulses of less than
200ns width are rejected. 60
Video Processor (FW-TCPD):

Video Pulse Detection: V∑d is processed to detect the leading and trailing edges for
each present pulse.
RSLS: performs a comparison between V∑ and the corresponding VΩ, to mark all
pulses received via antenna sidelobes. It is adjustable between 0-20dB.
Normalized Video Generation to provide available video to be displayed on Radar
Maintenance Display and/or an oscilloscope.
V ⇔ dBm
Vt
Vm
U2
Video Pulse Detection
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U0 = Minimum Signal Threshold
U1 U1 = Edge starting Threshold
Date: 05/10/2009
U0 Vm = Pulse average value
Vt = Amplitude Tolerance
t
U2 = Cutting Threshold
VN= Normalized Video
VN
61
RTCC: SSR Reply Processor (FW-TCPD). It performs the following tasks:
Bracket Detection: this algorithm follows this criteria:
If valid pulse is detected (width>200ns) in the
detection window, it assumes this pulse could be
F1.
Then it searches for another valid pulse at
20.3µs ±0.2µs from the leading edge of F1.
If presence of F2 pulse is confirmed: BRACKET
is declared.
If not, process repeat algorithm for next pulse
range.
F1-F2 spacing for bracket detection: Int Sched
20.1-20.5µs: 100% detection

pulse<19.95µs: 100% rejection
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PAF
pulse>20.65µs: 100% rejection
Detection of Code Pulses:
Date: 05/10/2009
100% detection in nominal position ± 0.2µs. Bracket
100% rejection in nominal position ± 0.3µs. F1 C1 A1 C2 A2 C4 A4 X B1 D1 B2 D2 B4 D4 F2 SPI
Phantom Replies elimination.

0,45 1,45 20,3 24,65 t (µs)
Reply Range Calculation. 62
RTCC: SSR Reply Processor (FW-TCPD).

Generation of SSR Reply Report, which is sent to PAF (part of the Link Control function).
Garble Resolution: Using four SSR Reply sequencers, the SSR Reply Processor is able to
detect and decode up to four overlapped replies.
SSR REPLY REPORT

• Interrogation Mode
• Code of Reply
• Reply Code confidence bit by bit
• Reply Range
• Mean Sum Video Amplitude
• Mean Monopulse Video Amplitude
• RSLS flag for each reply code pulse
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• Reply azimuth data from Antenna Drive System
(0.022º precision: 1ACP)
• Monopulse Table correction
Date: 05/10/2009
(0.0055º precision: ¼ ACP)
• Condition flags
(SPI detected, Synchronous/Asynchronous
grabling with previous/next reply..) 63
RTCC: MODE S Reply Processor (FW-TCPD). It performs the following tasks:

Preamble Detection: this algorithm has this criteria:
If valid pulse is detected (width>200ns) in the detection
window, it assumes this pulse could be the first preamble
pulse.
Then it searches for another three valid pulses at 1, 3.5 and
4.5µs from the leading edge of the first pulse.
If presence of three pulses is confirmed, and at least one of
them has a clear leading edge in its nominal position:
PREAMBLE is declared.
If preamble is detected, bracket detection is blocked in order Int Sched
to avoid false detections.
If not, process repeat algorithm for next pulse range. PAF
Data Extraction
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CRC Checking from AP or IP received field.
Error Detection and correction (if possible) if CRC
Date: 05/10/2009
incorrect.
56 o 112 Bits
PREAMBLE
BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT N-2BIT N-1BIT N
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
t (µs) 64
0 0,5 1 3,5 4,5 8 9 10 64/120
RTCC: SSR Reply Processor (FW-TCPD).

Generation of Mode S Reply Report, which is sent to PAF (part of the Link Control function).
Generation of a Mode S Reply Status Report for each selective interrogation. These reports are
sent to Interrogation Scheduler to confirm the reception for each selective interrogation
performed. In case of the expected reply was not detected/decoded in the corresponding
listening period/this period, the interrogation Scheduler will attempt automatically to schedule a
re-interrogation in the same scan.
MODE S REPLY REPORT

• Down Format
• ICAO Address (AA data field)
• Message Data MODE S REPLY STATUS REPORT
• Reply Range • Flag indicating: expected reply decoded
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• Mean Sum Video Amplitude • Flag indicating: expected reply not decoded
• Mean Monopulse Video Amplitude • DR (Down Request) data field to detect:
• RSLS flag for each reply code pulse • Request to send a Comm-B message
Date: 05/10/2009
• Reply azimuth data from Antenna Drive System • Comm-B broadcast message available
(0.022º precision: 1ACP) • Downlink ELM segment available
• Monopulse Table correction
(0.0055º precision: ¼ ACP)
65
RTCC: Interrogator Scheduler

(SW-TCPD)
Control the rate and content of the Mode S

only All-Call interrogations.
Control the rate of output of intermodes A/C
only All-Call interrogations.
Control the rate of output of intermodes
A/C/S All-Call interrogations.
Control the rate and output of Modes A and
C interrogations.
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Control the timing of the Mode S selective
interrogations.
Date: 05/10/2009
To make all these functions, a synchronism
generation function is performed in TCPD
and MICA 03 boards.
66
RTCC:
Interrogator Scheduler: Synchronism Generation Function (TCPD and MICA03):
It includes the following tasks:
System Trigger Generation:
System in SSR only: PRF can be programmed from 50 to 450Hz.
System in Mode S: SSR PRF is function of the number of All-Call A/C/S interrogation intervals defined on
the main beam (I), limited to 250Hz.
The Mode S PRF is dynamically controlled in depending on amount of Mode S traffic.
This function includes a Stagger control with different dead time increments (0-120µs) over programmed
PRF, with a random sequence.
Stand-by channel received synchronization from the main channel, allowing that both channels have the
same time reference to process the same videos.
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Modulation Signals Generation:
Date: 05/10/2009
SUM Amplitude Modulation: to generate P1, P2, P3, P4 and P6, depending on the interrogation mode.
OMNI Amplitude Modulation: to generate P1, P2 and P5 depending on the interrogation mode.
SUM Phase Modulation: to modulate P6 in Mode S interrogations.
67
RTCC:
Output Power Control Signals:
The mode S transmitter is able to radiate 7 different power levels.
The power level for SSR interrogations is selected by the user.
Power level for the Mode S Selective interrogations is set dynamically by the extractors in
terms of target range.
Interrogation Modes:
SSR: 1,2,3/A, B, C and D modes.
Intermodes: IAS, IAL, ICS, ICL (P4 short or long).
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Mixed modes: UF11 followed by IAS or ICS in the same interrogation period. Radar system
will receive DF11 replies (to UF11, from Mode S) simultaneously to SSR replies (to IAS/ICS,
from non-Mode S transponders).
Date: 05/10/2009
Mode S All-Call Interrogations: UF11.
Mode S Selective Interrogations: UF4, UF5, UF20, UF21 and UF24.
Interlacing: depends on the strategy selected in UCS application.
68
RTCC:
Antenna Synchronization: The MEX has two inputs for ACP and ARP signals for antenna
azimuth information. The number of ACP/scan must be 16384 pulses and one ARP/scan for
north orientation.
Sectoring Maps in Azimuth: The MEX allows defining azimuth sectors (programmable from
UCS). The following parameters can be sectored on maps:
Interlacing Modes.
SSR Output Power.
GTC/STC.
SSR PRF (when no Mode S selected).
II/SI Codes.
Blanking (No transmission).
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Dual Channel Synchronization: A hardware bus on the MICA02 board on both MEX provides
trigger and interrogation synchronization. A SW-protocol (performed on TCPU) between both
MEX though LAN1 and LAN2 ensures synchronized operation between both main and stand-by
Date: 05/10/2009
MEX.
Time Synchronization: Both MEX comprise a NTP Client on TCPU, reading the UTC time
provided by NTP Servers from the LANs. This is used to stamp all events and to add to the
ASTERIX messages the UTC time of detection for each target. 69
LC: Plot Assignor Function, PAF (SW-CPU). It performs the following functions:
SSR Replies Correlation: this process correlates
SSR replies belonging to a target by means of the
correlation in range and azimuth of the decoded
replies. This process includes:
Defruiter function. SSR REPLIES CORRELATION
Decoding garbled plots using Monopulse and SSR/MODE S PLOT COMBINER

Amplitude reply information. PLOT TRACKER
Confidence of target codes. PLOT FORMATTER
Range and Azimuth target using Monopulse

information.
Flag (SPI, I/P, emergency codes..).
Detection and removing false targets (detection of
reflections, splits and ring-around).
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Reflectors Table maintenance.
SSR/Mode S Plot Combining: In case a plot has
been detected using SSR interrogations and Mode
Date: 05/10/2009
S interrogations, a combining process is performed.
The association criteria include range, azimuth and
detection time correlation and mode A and C code
compatibility. 70
LC: Plot Assignor Function, PAF (SW-CPU). It performs the following functions:
Plot Time-Stamping: Plots are time-stamped with the corresponding time to the plot azimuth.
MEX has a table in which all ACP pulses are time-stamped with a local counter. When a NTP
request is served, local counter is correlated with UTC time to provide accurate UTC time to each
ACP pulse.
Plot Tracker or Tracking: It has the following phases:
Process of initialization of Tracks: analyzes targets of several turns to establish a track for each target that
has appeared in three consecutive turns.
Process of association plot-track: it tries to associate each detected target with some of the established
tracks. If track already exists, its parameters are updated. If it does not associated with none of the existing
tracks, it passes to the process of track formation.
Track prediction and termination:
The extractor obtains the calculated position, by means of generation algorithms and association of
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tracks in function of their positions in previous turns. The data coming from the same target is
associated in successive antenna turns, creating a track with a track number. If not obtaining
measured plot: the calculated plot is sent with the corresponding identification mark.
Date: 05/10/2009
The absence of associated plot during three consecutives scans will cause the termination of the
track. When in an antenna scan, a target that already has formed track is lost, a calculated track is
generated in the foreseen position. This process is repeated during two turns as maximum.
When PAF detects a target entering in the “Cone of Silence”, does not clears its track, maintaining the
track of at least 12 targets simultaneously through the “Cone of Silence” using historical data. 71
LC: Plot Assignor Function, PAF (SW-CPU):
Monopulse Table Generation: PAF is able to perform automatic generation of this table and on-
line supervision of calibration quality (UCS). The final monopulse table is a statistical average of
150 individual tables generated by MEX processors using clear targets (not garbled with any
other target).
Plot Formatter: Plots are formatted in ASTERIX Categories 34 and 48 and/or Categories 1 and
2 to maintain compatibility with non Mode S systems. The ASTERIX categories selection and
the output port selection for each category can be done by the operator from SLG/SRG
workstations. The OLM process controls these formats and output ports.
Detection of Aircrafts with duplicate ICAO address: The multiple target processing distinguished
between false and real, non unique addressed Mode S targets using the tracking process. The
later target will be flagged in the ASTERIX data as “Duplicated or Illegal Mode S Aircraft
Address”.
Control and Monitoring (CAM): This process is in charge of manage and supervise the correct
working of the interrogator and its communication process with all other system modules,
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among others, with the control and supervision (UCS) application of the Local Management
System (SLG).
Date: 05/10/2009
Output Link Management (OLM): this process allows selecting the media to send all information
that exits the interrogator. The control and monitoring of the association among virtual and
physical transmission channels is performed from UCS application. The OLM process will
maintain a queue for the out coming messages in order to prevent data losses due to the
transmission channel bandwidth. 72
LC: Roll Call List (SW-CPU and SW-TCPD):

This list contains identification,
positional information and the latest
BDS registers information acquired of
targets that the station is tracking.
The PAF maintains the roll call list and

the SCF updates the target data.
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Date: 05/10/2009
73
LC: Mode S Link Management Process, LMP (SWCPU):

The LMP controls all the link (LC) Mode S
activities except All-Call interrogations (controlled
directly by RTCC).
It schedules the interrogations which result from
the acquisition of Mode S aircraft replies, which
have formed plots and tracked in the PAF (PAF
ensures they are presented to the Roll Call List).
For each target on the Roll Call List, the LMP will
generate interrogation instructions to the
Interrogator Scheduler on the RTCC.
The LMP interfaces with RTCC are performed by
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messages queues.
The interrogations instructions generated to the
RTCC are delivered in azimuth order and with
Date: 05/10/2009
control information to ensure that a sequence of
interrogations to a particular aircraft can be
maintained.
74
Mode-S Extractor Unit: MICA02
MICA 02 Firmware Functions:

Interface & Encoders BITE
ARP Delay in order to adjust the North. P
BUS VME
VIDEO NORM
Control Time-Azimuth Table 0
B TG_UTS_I
UTS Interface absolute Time Counter U
ACP_UTS
S
PPI Interface ARP_UTS
RELE_RF1 VN_UTS
RELE_RF2 TG_UTS
MICA 02 P0BUS Functions: SEL_RELE ACP_PPI
Fast & Independent Connection ARP_PPI
among the TCPD, the MICA02 &

ACP1_A
ACP1_B
MICA02 VN_PPI
MICA03. ARP1
TG_PPI
MICA02 is the board which controls
Doc. Nº: 0011810000800MA03

ACP2_A TG_PPI_I
the accesses to this bus. ACP2_B

ACP_MICA3
ARP2
ACP_TCPD
It allows the access from the
Date: 05/10/2009
ARP_MICA3
SWGESINT of the TCPD to the
ARP_TCPD
Time-Azimuth Table and to the
Counter of Absolute Time. SERIAL LINE CTRA
75
Mode-S Extractor Unit: MICA03
MICA 03 Functional Blocks:

Interface of VME Bus Control
BUS VME
Interface of P0BUS Control P
0 TRIG_EXTERNO
Decoder of VME directions with access B
control of registers and memories. U

S
TRIG_DUAL
Triggers generator.
Sectors of Azimuth Table Controller. BIT EMU
TRIG_TCPD
BIT SAU PV_TCPD

Controller of Messages of Mode S
BIT SDU
Interrogation Table. BIT CTU TRIG_UTS
Mode S Interrogation & Stagger Table MICA03

Controller. ACP TRIG_PPI
ARP
SSR Interrogation Modulator Generator.
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PI_TRA
Mode S Interrogation Modulation
Generator. SAU AMPLITUDE Σ
Date: 05/10/2009
AMPLITUDE Ω
Interface of Transmitter Power (SAU & CTU
FASE Σ
CTU) Control
76
Mode-S Extractor Unit: MICA03 Functionality
Generation of synchronisms signals (trigger) of the radar from an internal trigger with
a variable PRF, or from an external trigger. It allows the synchronization with a
second EXT in any state.
Adjust the duration of Interrogation Gate, the Video Gate, the Stagger Time and the
Death Time in order to complete the total minimum time of the interrogation cycle
(PRT).
Generation of the modulation signals required in order to interrogate in SSR (1, 2,

3/A and C), Intermodes A/C with short and long P4, and Mode S modes.
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Stagger
Interrogation Video Death Interrogation
Date: 05/10/2009
Gate Gate Time Gate
1/ PRF
77
Mode-S Extractor Unit: MICA03 Functionality
Configuration of the transmitter power of the interrogations, both through the Sum
channel and the OMNI channel (Control).
It has an Azimuth Sectors Table with the maximum powers of transmission (SUM & OMNI
Channels) to apply in the SSR mode and in the Mode S general interrogation.
It allows the programming of transmission power in the Sum channel and in the Control one,
one for each selective interrogation to be carried out, even inside the same interrogation
gate.
It independently controls each power transistor of the transmitter for the modulations of the
SUM & OMNI Channels, with the purpose of using them homogeneously.
Functions of Transmitter and Receiver BIT.
It has an Azimuth Table for the parameters which are susceptible to change
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depending on the Azimuth:
Transmission Power of the SSR mode and Mode S general interrogation on the SUM &
OMNI Channels.
Date: 05/10/2009
Activation of ISLS function
Activation of BLANKING function (provisional inhibition of interrogations)
Activation of the interruption application trough the VME bus for change of azimuth sector. 78
INDEX
Block Diagram
Transmitter Unit
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03 Operation
UCS
Date: 05/10/2009
04 Supervision
CTT Supervision
MEX Supervision
79
OPERATION
UCS: General Screen
Upper bar
Graphic area
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Parameters Area
Date: 05/10/2009
80
OPERATION
UCS: General Screen: Upper Bar
Reports: to request different types of reports: alarms reports, user actions reports,
etc.
Faults: failure messages list is displaying by clicking this button.
Profile: to access the application with a different profile:
0-4 available profiles: 0 is only for supervision of the system.
Profile5: is only available for Indra.
Control: to set where the control of the system is: in local or in remote workstation.
The control can be transferred from local position to remote position and vice versa.
Warning Message area: the last message of the system is displayed in that bar.
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UCS status: the UCS can be master or slave (master controls the radar system and
slave has the same data than master one).
Date: 05/10/2009
SLG status: to supervise the complete state of UCS system.
UTC time area
INDRA’s logo: to check the version of the application. 81
OPERATION
UCS: General Screen: Graphic Area
Colour Criteria:
NO INFORMATION RECEIVED
CRITICAL ALARM
NON CRITICAL ALARM/

DEGRADED WORKING
ELEMENT IN STAND BY STATE:

CORRECT OPERATION
ELEMENT IN MAIN STATE:

CORRECT OPERATION
External signal Indicators: they show the state of those external signals: ARP1, ACP1
(from ENC1), ARP2, ACP2 (from ENC2), RPT (external trigger), FFM (Test
transponder), UTC1 and UTC2 (master clocks).
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Data sent by extractor: extractor can send data via LAN and/or via serial lines (COM1-
COM4). Type of sent data can be chosen (data in white are selected):
Date: 05/10/2009
AST48 and/or AST1 (for radar data).
M: Measured Plot (detected target).
C: Calculated Plot (track extrapolations formatted as targets).
T: Tracks. 82
OPERATION
UCS: General Screen: Parameters Area
Tabs section: to choose the parameters to modify (depending on the user

profile).
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Coloured Bar: it indicates the channel where the changes of parameters is
going to be effective. It can be: MAIN CHANNEL (in green) and
MAINTENANCE CHANNEL (in violet).
Date: 05/10/2009
Print button is used to print a list of all the parameters shown in the
current window.
Copy acts in the same way that print buy copy the file into USB device. 83
OPERATION
UCS: General Section
Interrogation: to activate/deactivate the interrogation in the selected channel (in this screen: in
main channel). One “sectors icon” appears in this section to indicate there is some blanking sector
map is in use.
Trigger: to select the type of trigger (external option used if there is other radar to synchronize
with, but it is normally not used and cannot be selected if Mode S operation is selected).
Range: to select the range in which the radar system is processing replies (0.25 NM-256NM).
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Functionalities: to activate the different functions of radar system, and the working mode
(Conventional MSSR or Mode S)
Maps: GTC/STC, Power (SSR) and Strategy options have the possibility of being defined in
Date: 05/10/2009
sectored maps (in azimuth). SINGLE/MAP can be selected. If MAP is selected, the chosen level in
those options is applied in the whole coverage except in the special sectors defined in the
corresponding map (in that sectors, defined values in maps are applied).
PFR/SSR and Interlace are only reading parameters. PRF is the measured PRF only in MSSR. 84
Interlace is fixed in the selected strategy.
OPERATION
UCS: General Section
Statistics: process load and used memory: if these have high values, an alarm occurs. The rest
of statistics are data sent in the last antenna scan.
Switchover: Usually automatic position shall be used: if there is some problem in channel in main
state, the system automatically set the other channel in main state.
Encoder Selection: Usually automatic position shall be used. Other possibilities are: Encoder 1
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signal A or B, Encoder 2 signal A or B and internal simulated encoder.
Operation: definition of the state of the channels:
Date: 05/10/2009
Main Channel: connected to antenna and working with real data.
Stand by Channel: connected to dummy loads/UTS but configured as Main channel and ready to switch
manually/automatically to Main State (this allows fast switchover in case it is necessary – in automatic
switchover ).
Maintenance Channel: connected to dummy loads/UTS and working completely independent of Main
85
channel.
OPERATION
UCS: Monopulse Table
The Monopulse table represents the behaviour of the whole reception system.
In this section monopulse tables of both channels are shown, in text format. Also they can be graphically
represented.
Table Type: Default table, Main state table, Stand by state table, Maintenance state table, Test table and
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Generated table. (Possibilities per channel). So there are different tables depending on the working channel state.
Possible actions on tables: generation, finishing, test and validation. The system only works with the last validated
monopulse table. If a table is only generated, but no validated, the system does not save the generated one.
Date: 05/10/2009
In section Table, the number of targets used to generate the table is shown, as well as the date and the time of the
target recording.
The table contains the relation between the digitalized monopulse video and the number of ACP correction (values
on the table are represented in ¼ ACPs).
86
OPERATION
UCS: Monopulse Table
Only one graphic window will
be displayed where all the
tables for both channels can be
shown.
More than one option can be
selected: this offers the ΔAz: 64
possibility of table comparisons
(between both channels for
example).
The interface allows to make
zooms to any part of the
graphic representation of the
table.
Azimuth correction will be
given by: Nº ACP (in table) *
360 º / 16384 ACP (per scan)
Example:
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∆Az: 64*360 / 16384= 1.406º
Target Az= Antenna Az + 1.406º
Date: 05/10/2009
87
Antenna Az ∆Az Target Az
OPERATION
UCS: Strategies
This section is to define the strategy of interrogation which radar is going to use. The particular air
traffic and environment of each radar site will influence the selection of a suitable strategy.
The system allows to define maps with different interrogation strategies per azimuth sectors.
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Each strategy is identified with a Strategy Number set by the system. Up to 32 different strategies
can be used in the interlacing maps based on azimuth sectors. 28 strategies are user definable.
Date: 05/10/2009
When the user is programming a strategy, after that must ADD it to the strategy list.
The number of interrogation strategy to be used can be chosen in general tab:
88
OPERATION
UCS: Strategies
Nr Intervals (I): In Mode S, system will divide the antenna beam width into Nr intervals-interrogation
periods (1 minimum, 12 as maximum). Each period can be defined as G (General Period) or S
(Selective Period).
G (General period): Modes 1, 2, 3/A, B, C, D, IAS, ICS and UF11 (All Call Mode S interrogation) can
be used to interrogate.
S (Selective period): Mode S selective interrogations.
SSR Interlace: it defines list of modes used in G interrogation periods. It allows to define until 3
modes per antenna scan, and 3 different antenna scans.
PR: probability of response to All Call Mode S interrogations.
M (1-9): It indicates the periodicity of All Call Mode S interrogation related to G periods. It is directly
related to Type parameter.
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Type: it defines the type of All Call Mode S interrogation to use every M periods. It can be:
UF11: in G period indicated by M, only UF11 interrogation will be performed.
Mixed: in G period indicated by M, Intermode IAS or ICS (according to SSR interlace) followed by UF11
Date: 05/10/2009
interrogation will be performed.
Intermode: in G period indicated by M, only IAL or ICL interrogation will be performed.
PRF/SSR (Pulse Repetition Frequency value): it is only used when radar system operates
exclusively with SSR Modes.
89
OPERATION
UCS: Strategies: Interrogation Modes Review
REPLY REPLY
INTERROGATION
TRANSP. A/C TRANSP. Mode S
8 µs
P1 P3
A/C Modes Mode A Mode A Mode A
Both transponders will
P1 21 µs P3
Mode C Mode C Mode C reply
P1 P3 P4
Intermode A
Mode A NO REPLY
Short P4 ONLY MSSR will reply
P1 P3 P4
Intermodo C
Mode C NO REPLY
A/C Intermodes Short P4
P1 P3 P4
Intermode A
Mode A DF 11
Long P4 NOT RECOMMENDED
P1 P3 P4
Intermode C
Mode C DF 11
Long P4
P1 P2 P6
16,25 µs
Mode S
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NO REPLY Mode S
Short P6
Mode S P1 P2 P6
30,25 µs ONLY Mode S will reply
Mode S
NO REPLY Mode S
Long P6
Date: 05/10/2009
90
OPERATION
UCS: Strategies: Examples
A C IAS 2 8 UF11 G G G S G G G S
INTERVALS (8): G G G S G G G S
1 M: 2 1 M: 2 1 M: 2
G INTERROGATION MODES: A UF11 C UF11 IAS UF11
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A C IAS 2 8 MIX G G G S G G G S
Date: 05/10/2009
1 M: 2 1 M: 2 1 M: 2
G INTERROGATION MODES: A UF11+ICS IAS UF11+IAS C UF11+IAS
91
OPERATION
UCS: Strategies: Examples
A C IAS 2 8 Intermod G G G S G G G S
1 M: 2 1 M: 2 1 M: 2
G INTERROGATION MODES: A ICL IAS IAL C IAL
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A C 3 12 MIX G G G S G G G S G G G S
INTERVALS (12): G G G S G G G S G G G S
Date: 05/10/2009
1 2 M: 3 1 2 M: 3 1 2 M: 3
G INTERROGATION MODES: A C UF11+IAS C A UF11+ICS A C UF11+IAS
92
OPERATION
UCS: Sectoring Maps
Blanking Sectors: to define no interrogation azimuth sectors.
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IISL Sectors: to define azimuth sectors where IISL function is activated.
SSR Power: to define azimuth sectors with transmission power different to transmission level
Date: 05/10/2009
defined in general tab. This is only applied in SSR interrogations.
II/SI: to define azimuth sectors with different II/SI codes (II: Interrogator Identifier, SI: Surveillance
Identifier).
93
OPERATION
UCS: Test Target
This window is to generate a Test Target. Characteristics of this target are configured in the
following options:
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Test Target SPI: ON to send in Test Target SPI pulse.
Test Target ->ATC: ON to send Test Target in ASTERIX format to the ATCC.
Date: 05/10/2009
Test Target Range and Azimuth: range (NM) and azimuth (º) of the test target.
Test Target Width: Test target replies are generated during this arch (value in degrees).
Codes: to set code A and C of the test target (A code in octal, C code in Flight Level).
94
OPERATION
UCS: Communications
PPI: Management of the sent information to SGR Control OLM (Output Link Management): to manage
PPI Video: Type of Video to send to SGR the different communication channels. Radar data can
Normalized: SUM channel video with be sent via different ways:
applied RSLS and GTC. Via LAN.
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Bracket: one pulse per detected reply. Via Serial Lines (COM1-COM4): can be
configured individually.
Raw: SUM channel video (without any
process). Transmission Speed can be selected (2400
Date: 05/10/2009
Defruited Normalized. bps to 64000 bps) or external clock.
Defruited Bracket. ALT (alternated lines): half of the data per
line.
PPI1 and PPI2: to control output serial data
lines to SGR. Asterix Data Selection: data can be sent in
Cat01,Cat48 or both categories (M, C, T). 95
OPERATION
UCS: Targets
In this window detected and processed targets of both channels are shown.
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Data origin can be chosen:
MEX & LAN origin: If Reflections option is activated they will appear in the target list
Date: 05/10/2009
of MEX origin. If the origin chosen is LAN, reflections will be not shown. By LAN
option targets sent to control centre are listed.
Targets are list in real time: Stop option will stop the listing of targets. 96
OPERATION
UCS: Site/Tracking
NORTH
ADJUSTMENT
Site Parameters: Tracking Parameters:

Range Offset: this value is added to targets in order to correct the Minimum speed (knots) to perform the tracking.
introduced delay owing to the RF cables of the installation. Maximum speed (knots) to perform the tracking.
Encoder 1-2 Azimuth Offset: necessary offset to set up the ARP Maximum acceleration to perform the tracking.
Doc. Nº: 0011810000800MA03

into the north and the Encoders adjustment.
Association Time: maximum difference between
Maximum altitude coverage. predicted detection time for the track and the real
Silence cone angle. plot detection time.
Date: 05/10/2009
SIC (System Identification Code) and SAC (System Area Code). Range and Azimuth margins to the correlation
Validity time of the information kept in BDS registers. This between plot and track.
establishes the Maximum refreshing period for this information.
Activation and Value of Interrogation Identifier.
Activation and Value of Surveillance Identifier. 97
OPERATION
UCS: GTC Maps
Azimuth sectoring of GTC/STC laws: Configure the different sectors in which GTC/STC laws can be applied.
This map configures sectors with different GTC/STC laws from the one selected in the General section (which is
going to be applied in non specific defined sectors in map).
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GTC (At. dB)
At.= 30 dB
Date: 05/10/2009
At.= 0 dB
T=0 T
98
OPERATION
UCS: Power
This power configuration is only used in Selective interrogations.

Offset of OMNI channel Power (related to SUM channel) can be set up.
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Every SUM transmission power level can be defined up to a specific range.
For instance:
Date: 05/10/2009
Range Level 3 (NM)=60NM. This means level 3 power (65dBm –8 dB +1dB) will be used to interrogate
targets up to a maximum range of 60NM.
For Selective Mode S interrogations, output power selection will be automatically performed by
MEX to cover the target range using these values of range limits for each output power.
99
OPERATION
UCS: Reflector Maps (in MEX section)
In this section a process of generation of reflectors can be activated. The system will calculate
the places where possible detectors are located. They will be shown in Detected Reflectors Map.
The reflectors are defined in areas (initial and final azimuth and range)
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Calculated reflectors can be added to the Working Reflectors Map, and their azimuth and range
parameters could be modified if necessary. Also additional reflectors can be added by user to
this map defining new values of range and azimuth.
Date: 05/10/2009
The system will eliminate reflected targets provoked by the defined reflectors in the Working
Reflectors Map.
Correlation parameters define the margins that correlation windows use to perform the
calculation of reflectors. 100
OPERATION
UCS: Measures (in MEX section)
UCS receives from TRA samples of transmitted and reflected power in SUM and
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OMNI channel.
MEX calculates VSWR values and show them in this section.
Date: 05/10/2009
101
OPERATION
UCS: Statistics (in MEX section)
Statistics: The extractor sends information scan by scan, and this window shows a
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summary of different statistic values.
Date: 05/10/2009
This data is refreshed scan by scan. Some of these values are also shown in
general screen (used memory, process load, and AST data).
102
INDEX
Block Diagram
Transmitter Unit
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03 Operation
UCS
Date: 05/10/2009
04 Supervision
CTT Supervision
MEX Supervision
103
SUPERVISION
1. Colour Criteria:
NO INFORMATION RECEIVED
CRITICAL ALARM
NON CRITICAL ALARM/

DEGRADED WORKING
ELEMENT IN STAND BY STATE:

CORRECT OPERATION
ELEMENT IN MAIN STATE:

CORRECT OPERATION
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2. Upper bar:
Faults
Date: 05/10/2009
Messages bar
104
SUPERVISION
CTT Supervision
By clicking on CTT module

(Transmitter and TRA), the
HW scheme of this module is
shown. If there is a problem in
some of the modules (EMU,
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SDU, SAU, CTU), the system
will show this following the
same colour criteria.
Date: 05/10/2009
By clicking on each module,
error messages (if any) will be
shown. 105
SUPERVISION
MEX Supervision
By clicking on MEX module,

the HW scheme of this module
is shown. If there is a problem
in any of the cards (TDPC,
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TCPU, MICA02, MICA03), the
system will show this following
the same colour criteria.
Date: 05/10/2009
By clicking on each module,
error messages (if any) will be
shown. 106
SUPERVISION
MEX Supervision
In MEX section, an
additional tab “FW
VERSIONS” appears.
FW and SW versions of the

different modules of MEX
are shown, as well as the
last date of updating:
FW MICA02
FW MICA03
FW TCPD
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SWGESINT (SW-TCPD)
SWCPU
Date: 05/10/2009
107
Systems Engineering
ATM / CNS
Doc. Nº: 0011810000800MA03

Ctra. de Loeches, 9
28850 Torrejón de Ardoz,
Madrid Spain
Date: 05/10/2009
F +34 91 627 10 05
www.indra.es
108

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Secondary Surveillance Radar

Doc. Nº: 0011810000800MA03

Doc. Nº: 0011810000800MA03

PAGE EDITION AND REVISION RECORD DOCUMENT CHANGES RECORD

1 to 107 1 0 1 0 14/04/2008 All First Edition.

1 to 107 2 0 2 0 05/05/2008 All Second Edition.

1 to 107 3 0 3 0 30/03/2009 All Update.

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ACP Azimuth Control Position

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NTP Network Time Protocol

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TCPD Digital Control and Process Board

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MSSR MODE-S RACK

TRANSMITTER FANS UNITS (TFU)

MODE S EXTRACTOR POWER

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MULTICHANNEL RECEIVER UNIT (MRU)

 IRS-20MP/S system is composed of two identical interrogator

 Each channel is composed of:

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 From functional point of view: MSSR Mode S is a double channel system

 The Channel in Main state is connected to a Large Vertical Aperture (LVA)

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INTERROGATOR CHANNEL PEDESTAL ANTENNA

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INTERROGATOR CHANNEL PEDESTAL ANTENNA

RRF REPLIES TO RADAR

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 Replies from transponders to radar system are received simultaneously by the

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 Extractor Module has the following main functions:

 It also implement a BITE (Built in Test Equipment) , executed in

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 The Extractor Module is divided into three main processing blocks, in

 Real Time Channel Controller (RTCC) including:

 Link Control (LC) including:

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Range: 256 NM Azimuth Bias Error 0<Φ<6º: ≤ 0.022º

Mode 3/A: < 0.1% Target Load per scan ≤ 900

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SAU SDU TRA EMU CTU 42 dBm 62 dBm 65 dBm

BITE CTRL TRA

Doc. Nº: 0011810000800MA03

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 The Mode S Transmitter is a dual solid-state transmitter, one for

 The Mode S Transmitter receives suitable signals from the data

 Transmitter for SUM Channel: generates the following interrogation

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 The transmitter allows any type of interlacing between the

 It is possible to program azimuth sectors in which interrogation

Doc. Nº: 0011810000800MA03

 For modes 1,2,3/A ,B,C and D, output power selection can be

 For Selective Mode S interrogations, output power selection will be

IRS-20MP/S system is composed of two identical interrogator

Each channel is composed of:

From functional point of view: MSSR Mode S is a double channel system

The Channel in Main state is connected to a Large Vertical Aperture (LVA)

Replies from transponders to radar system are received simultaneously by the

Extractor Module has the following main functions:

It also implement a BITE (Built in Test Equipment) , executed in

The Extractor Module is divided into three main processing blocks, in

Real Time Channel Controller (RTCC) including:

Link Control (LC) including:

The Mode S Transmitter is a dual solid-state transmitter, one for

The Mode S Transmitter receives suitable signals from the data

Transmitter for SUM Channel: generates the following interrogation

The transmitter allows any type of interlacing between the

It is possible to program azimuth sectors in which interrogation

For modes 1,2,3/A ,B,C and D, output power selection can be

For Selective Mode S interrogations, output power selection will be

Mode S Transmitter comprises four modules:

The Mode S transmitter does not require any adjustment or setting up

The Mode S transmitter does not requires any preventive

Every transmitter modules includes a powerful BITE which detects

The main functionalities of the TRA (Transmitter-Receiver-

It routes RF signals by means of passive circulators:

The TRA contains CTRA (TRA Control) module, which main

Injection of a Test Target (programmed from UCS). The CTRA receives

The Transmitter-Receiver-Antenna Interface Unit contains three pre-selective

The MRU comprises the following stages:

The Mode S Extractor MEX is built in a 19 inches, 6U sub-rack that includes:

The MEX comprises the following elements:

20.1-20.5µs: 100% detection

100% rejection in nominal position ± 0.3µs. F1 C1 A1 C2 A2 C4 A4 X B1 D1 B2 D2 B4 D4 F2 SPI

Phantom Replies elimination.