RSM970S
Part 1 / 2
RSM970S1_en7 Rev 03 15-05-2003
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RSM970S PRESENTATION
SYLLABUS
l PRINCIPLES
l STANDARD CONFIGURATION
l GENERAL DESCRIPTION
l KEY FEATURES
l FUNCTIONAL PRESENTATION
l MAINTENANCE
l DOCUMENTATION
RSM970S1_en7 Rev 03 15-05-2003
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLES
STANDARD CONFIGURATION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
KEY FEATURES
FUNCTIONAL PRESENTATION
MAINTENANCE
DOCUMENTATION
PRINCIPLES
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
STANDARD SSR
Aircraft
Transponder
ATC
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
The transponders carried on these aircraft detect the messages and answer by sending
back RF pulse modulated messages known as
REPLIES.
RSM970S1_en7 Rev 03 15-05-2003
Receivers on the ground look for these RF signals and process them for analysis by
external equipment (extractors, processors and display console).
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
PURPOSE
t
P1 P3
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0.8 µ s 0.8 µ s
P1 P3
t= 3µs
Mode 1
P1 P3
t= 5µs
Mode 2
P1 P3
t= 8µs
Mode 3 / A
P1 P3
t = 21 µ s
Mode C
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3=A C = Fligth Level mode
Aircraft transponders interpret these questions and in turn, send out replies. Replies
are built with framing pulses encapsulating pulsed bits making data words. These
words are known as
CODES
The receiver of the equipment detects these RF pulses, processes them and
supplies the associated equipment with directly usable signals.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
“NON MODE S” REPLIES
20.3 µs
0.45 µs 1 µs
C1 A1 C2 A2 C4 A4 B1 D1 B2 D2 B4 D4
FROM 0 UP TO 12 DATA PULSES ( CODE )
X
X PULSE
( USUALLY ABSENT )
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C = C4 C2 C1 3 bits
D = D4 D2 D1 3 bits
2 µs 0.8 µs or 1.4 µs
8 µs
P1 P3 P4
2 µs
16.25 µs or 30.25 µs
1 µs
P1 P2 P6 ( DPSK )
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
MODE S REPLY
Reply format
Preamble 8 µs Data block 56 µs or 112 µs
4.5 µs ( 1 µs = 1 bit )
0.5 0.5 0.5 µs 0.5 0.5 0.5 µs
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
ANTENNA RADIATION PATTERN
reception angle
main lobe
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secondary lobes
or sidelobes
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS
In both cases, the antenna axis does not correspond to the direction of the
aircraft so that there would be a major positioning error.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS
antenna axis
secondary lobes
or sidelobes main lobe
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS
antenna axis
secondary lobes
or sidelobes main lobe
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS
These risks may be lessened by use of the following means :
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS
B
A
pulses from A
pulses from B
Garbling with
overlapping
pulses from A
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pulses from B
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garbling with
RF mixing
direct path
reflected path
direct pulses
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garbling
aircraft in a sidelobe
aircraft in axis of main lobe
P1 P2 P3
Looking to their amplitudes,
P1& P3 are less than P2
the transponder is NOT triggered
P1 P2 P3
control channel Ω
channel Σ
main lobe
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
ISLS PROCESS in SSR
The energy radiated over the entire horizon by the Ω channel of the associated
antenna is greater than the energy radiated by the Σ channel secondary lobes.
The energy radiated by the major lobe of the Σ channel is greater than the energy
radiated by the Ω channel.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
ISLS PROCESS in SSR
When the transponder is in the major lobe of the Σ channel (antenna axis), it
receives pulse P1 at a level upper than for the pulse P2 + K dB level (radiated on
Ω) and replies to interrogations (when P1 ≥ P2 + 9 dB).
If the level of P2 exceeds the level of P1, meaning that the interrogation has been
transmitted via a secondary lobe, the transponder does not reply.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
ISLS PROCESS in Mode S
P1 P2 P6
Σ CHANNEL
P5
HIGH
LEVEL
Ω CHANNEL
Σ CHANNEL
P5 LOW
Ω CHANNEL LEVEL
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
IISLS PROCESS
When the aircraft is not in the major lobe, the transponder first receives the pulse
P1cont (as the Ω channel is omni-directional, the travelled path is direct).
The pulse P2, with normal amplitude, appends 2 µs later (preceded or followed by
P1, depending on the delay due to additional length of the reflected path).
The transponder compares the first received pulse (P1cont, with attenuated
amplitude) to the second (normal amplitude) pulse (P1 or P2 depending on the
delay) and, in the same way as for ISLS, does not reply.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
IISLS PROCESS
IISLS = Improved Interrogation with SideLobe Suppression
INTERROGATION
Ω
Ω P1 cont - P2
direct path
Σ P1 - P3 (weak)
Σ Ω P1 cont - P2 (weak)
reflected path
Σ P1 - P3
P3
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P1
reflecting obstacle
Σ
P1cont P2
Ω
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P1cont is attenuated with respect to P2
If the aircraft is in the major lobe, pulses P1cont and P1 will arrive at the same time with
a resulting level greater than P2 ; the transponder then replies to the interrogation.
Further, the transponder does not answer to interrogations which do not strictly
correspond to SSR standards (in particular, those where the delay between P1 and P2
is not between 1.3 µs and 2.7 µs).
When the transponder rejects an interrogation due to interrogation via a secondary lobe
or not complying with standards,
it is self inhibited for 35 µs.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
IISLS PROCESS
RECEPTION BY THE TRANSPONDER
Ω
Ω P1 cont - P2
direct path
Σ P1 - P3 (weak)
Σ Ω P1 cont - P2 (weak)
reflected path
Σ P1 - P3
reflecting obstacle
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Reception via the Σ major lobe Reception outside the Σ major lobe
channel Σ
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main lobe
l The major lobe of the Σ channel has a gain greater than that of the Ω
channel.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
RSLS PROCESS
l If VΣ > VΩ : the signal is from the Σ major lobe and is to be taken into account.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
RSLS PROCESS
In addition, the gain of the Ω channel is reduced in the main Σ lobe direction.
l the gain of the Σ channel is maximum on the antenna axis,
l the gain of the Ω channel is minimum on the antenna axis.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
SECONDARY LOBE SUPPRESSION
antenna axis
Σ pattern
10 dB max
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180° 180°
0°
reception angle with VΣ > V Ω
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
MONOPULSE PROCESS
antenna
main axis
antenna rotation
c
b
∆ left-hand side lobe
a
∆ ∆ ∆
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Σ Σ Σ
antenna axis
bearing = 0°
Σ lobe (sum channel)
∆ reception lobe
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
ANGLE ERROR MEASUREMENT
The monopulse technique used on the equipment provides a means to measure the
angle error for each pulse of the reply, this providing a better accuracy for azimuth
position and an accurate way to discriminate garbled pulses.
Every pulse is received via the Σ pattern with an amplitude A1 and via the ∆ pattern
with an amplitude A2.
The amplitude ratio A2/A1, represents the pointing error, i.e. the angle between the
antenna axis and the reception azimuth.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
ANGLE ERROR MEASUREMENT
aircraft position
amplitude
A1=VΣ
amplitude as a function
of the pointing error
A2=V∆
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pointing error
θ=0° θ = 180 °
0°
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A2 V∆
angle error voltage = cos θ = cos θ
A1 VΣ
To get the angle error voltage, the RSM970S calculates the following ratio :
The azimuth accuracy is maximum along the antenna axis and the function f (
Vangle error ) is proportional to the pointing error in the region of the major lobe.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
1
Curve 2
Curve 3 (∆ )
(∆/ Σ)
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0 θ (OBA)
CURVE 1 : REPRESENTATION OF "Sum" RADIATION PATTERN (Σ)
NEAR THE ANTENNA RADIATION AXIS.
CURVE 2 : REPRESENTATION OF "Difference" RADIATION PATTERN (∆)
NEAR THE ANTENNA RADIATION AXIS.
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CURVE 3 : REPRESENTATION OF ∆/Σ RATIO VARIATION
AS A FUNCTION OF THE OBA (OFF BORESIGHT ANGLE θ).
D-SYS-116-GB-A
(V ∆ / V Σ) cos θ = (∆/Σ
∆/Σ) cos θ = tan (Φ
Φ /2)
Σ + j ∆ and Σ − j ∆
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
IMAGINARY AXIS
+j∆
Σ+j∆
+j∆
φ Σ
REAL AXIS
-j∆
Σ-j∆
Σ -j∆
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φ = 2 ARC Tan ∆ / Σ
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
MAJOR LOBE REFINEMENT
DURING RECEPTION
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
MAJOR LOBE REFINEMENT
DURING RECEPTION
reception angle
variable according to K2
∆ channel K2 = ∆ + 10 dB
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Σ channel
0°
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
TVBC (TIME VARIED BASE CLIPPING)
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
TVBC (TIME VARIED BASE CLIPPING)
Log Σ
fixed duration
unwanted
reply pulses
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1
Useful video pointer
0
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
MODES A / C / S ALL CALL INTERROGATION
MODE A : 8.0 µs
P1 P3 P4
2.0 µs
0.8 µs * 0.8 µs
1.6 µs
SLS CONTROL
P2
TRANSMISSION
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Long Code A or C
2.0 µs 2.75 µs
0.5 µs 0.5 µs
1.25 µs 0.25 µs P6 56 or 112 data bits
P1 P2
SYNC PHASE
0.8 µs REVERSAL PHASE REVERSAL
0.8 µs POSITION
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SLS CONTROL P5
TRANSMISSION
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0.8 µs
2.0 µs 2.75 µs
0.25 µs Guard
0.5 µs interval
1.25 µs P 0.5 µs
6
Interrogation P P
1 2
0.8 µs
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Message after
DPSK decoding
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UF AP or IP
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* SLM: Standard Length Message
** ELM: Extended Length Message
Refer to ICAO Annex 10
Example:
0 0 1 0 0 0 1
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Message format:
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DF AP or IP
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* SLM: Standard Length Message
** ELM: Extended Length Message Refer to ICAO Annex 10
0 1 1 0 1 0 1 ENCODER 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
ADDRESS OR 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
INTERROGATOR
/PARITY FIELD
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0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
Mode S radar station main features
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
Reply processing
• range measurement,
• azimuth measurement by monopulse processing,
• identification by decoding the aircraft address from all-call reply,
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• flight parameters (at least "A" code and Flight Level or "C" code) and messages
by decoding Mode S roll-call replies.
2.5 ms 5 ms
AC RC AC RC AC RC AC RC
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Keys: AC = All-Call
Mode S-only RC = Roll-Call
all-call Mode A
P1 P2 P6 P1 P3 P6 Mode S-only
Mode C
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all-call
P1 P2 P4S P1 P3 P4S
INTERROGATION SEQUENCING
SSR INTERROGATIONS
P1 P3 P1 P3 P1 P3 P1 P3
Keys: AC = All-Call
RC = Roll-Call
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
Mode S interrogation and reply protocols
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
ALL-CALL LOCKOUT PROTOCOL
Mode S all-call replies are made or not made to a Mode S radar station according to
the II (Interrogator Identifier) or SI (Surveillance Identifier) code allocated to the
station.
II/SI code definition
The II/SI code is a site dependent parameter.
It is made up of 2 fields : IC and CL
When CL = 0 IC = II
When CL ≠ 0 IC is a 4-bit sub-field of SI
− Interrogator Identifier (II code from "0" to "15"; the "0" value is to be avoided
following ICAO recommendations ),
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the II / SI code is assigned by the local authority
it must not be modified by the operator
2 scans to acquire,
RC…. + 2 scans before locking (to do not lock onto a reflection)
(the number of scans before locking is an operational parameter)
ENTERING LOCKED-OUT
MODE A/C
MODE S MODE S
AIRCRAFT
AIRCRAFT AIRCRAFT
NO REPLY
Acquisition Lock-out A/C reply
command
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AC RC AC RC
Selective interrogations
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AC: All-Call period
Windows for reply signals RC: Roll-Call period
The Mode S radar station can request surveillance data from a Mode S transponder
via a surveillance or Comm-A interrogation.
The transponder having recognised its address sends the required data to the radar
station via a surveillance or Comm-B reply as required.
The Comm-B reply enables enhanced surveillance.
The "surveillance, altitude" reply and the "Comm-B, altitude" reply contain :
−altitude: code C (same as SSR or by 25-feet steps) requested at each antenna
scan,
−flight status:
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• alert condition when identity code A has been changed by the pilot,
• SPI (Special Position Indicator) condition,
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• aircraft airborne or on the ground.
The "surveillance identity" reply and the "Comm-B identity" reply contain :
−identity: code 3/A (same as SSR) requested by the station in the first roll-call
interrogation following aircraft acquisition (done again if OBA is not correct),
−flight status: same data as above.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
Air-air surveillance (ACAS) protocol
An Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) can request surveillance data from
a Mode S transponder via an air-air surveillance interrogation.
The transponder having recognised its address sends the required data to the ACAS
via an air-air surveillance reply,
this reply being fruit for the radar station.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
Data link protocols
Multisite-directed protocol
The Mode S radar station (with II code only) reserves data link transfer and data link
close-out with the Mode S transponder.
To that purpose, the station transmits a surveillance or Comm-A interrogation
including the reservation request together with the II code assigned to the station.
The transponder stores the II code.
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The next replies and interrogations include the II code to be checked by either the
station or the transponder (level 5 only) so that data link transmission or close-out is
controlled by a single radar station.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
Data link protocols
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
REGISTER ALLOCATION
Register No. Assignment Minimum update rate
16 16
17 Common usage GICB capability report 5.0 s
16
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23 Reserved for antenna position 15.0 s
16
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E3 16-F0 16 Unassigned N/A
F1 16 Reserved for military use To be determined
F2 16-FF 16 Unassigned
Refer to ICAO Annex 10
N/A
FIELD
1
2
3
4 BDS Code 1 0
5
6
7 Notes:
8
9 Continuation flag 1) The enhanced protocol indicator denotes a
10 LEVEL 5 transponder when set to 1 and a
11 LEVEL 2 to 4 transponder when set to 0.
12 UNASSIGNED
13 2) When bit 25 is set to 1 at least one Mode S
14 Specific Service is supported and the specific
15 Capability Report should be checked.
16 Reserved for ACAS
17
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18
19
20 Mode S subnetwork version number
21
22
23
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24 Transponder enhanced protocol indicator (Note 1)
25 Mode S specific services capability (Note 2)
26 Refer to ICAO Annex 10
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53
54
55
Refer to ICAO Annex 10
56 LSB
FIELD FIELD
1 33 MSB
2 34
3 35 CHARACTER 5
4 BDS Code 2 0 36
5 37
6 38
7 39 MSB
8 40
9 MSB 41 CHARACTER 6
10 42
11 CHARACTER 1 43
12 44
13 45 MSB
14 46
15 MSB 47 CHARACTER 7
16 48
17 CHARACTER 2 49
18 50
19 51 MSB
20 52
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21 MSB 53
22 54 CHARACTER 8
23 CHARACTER 3 55
24 56
25
26
27 MSB
28
29 CHARACTER 4
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30
31
32
Refer to ICAO Annex 10
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
DATA LINK SUBNETWORK
ADLP
MODE S TRANSPONDER
GDLP
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
COMM-C UPLINK ELM PROTOCOL
SURV OR
COMM-D
COMM-B
INITIAL
SEGMENT ACK
m SEGMENTS
WELL RECEIVED CLOSE OUT
NUMBER OF
SEGMENTS = m UP LINK ELM
CLOSE OUT
SURV OR
COMM-C COMM-C COMM-C COMM-C COMM-C COMM-A
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33.75 µs
50 µs
2 to 16 SEGMENTS IN ANY ORDER (EXCEPT m)
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
COMM-C UPLINK ELM PROTOCOL
SURV OR SURV OR
COMM-D
COMM-B COMM-B
INITIAL
SEGMENT
CHANNEL UP LINK ELM
RESERVATION CHANNEL NUMBER OF CLOSE OUT
FOR STATION II RESERVED SEGMENTS = m m SEGMENTS BY STATION II ACK
FOR STATION II WELL RECEIVED (CHANNEL FREE) CLOSE OUT
SURV OR SURV OR
COMM-C COMM-C COMM-C
COMM-A COMM-A
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33.7 µs
50 µs
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
UPLINK FORMAT
56 bits
AP : 24
(ACAS) Short Air-Air Surveillance UF 00 00000 -3- RL : 1 - 4 --- AQ : 1 --------- 18 ----------
(ACAS) Long Air-Air Surveillance UF 16 -3- RL : 1 - 4 --- --------- 18 ---------- MU :56 AP : 24
10000 AQ : 1
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112 bits
Refer to ICAO Annex 10
136 µs
DOWN-LINK
ACK
"m" SEGMENTS
CLOSE OUT
ELM REQUEST SEND
SEGMENTS
SEGMENT CLOSE OUT
1 to m
DOWN-LINK ELM
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128 µs
1 to 16 (m) SEGMENTS IN ANY ORDER
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
COMM-D DOWNLINK ELM PROTOCOL
128 µs 128 µs
128 µs
1 to 16 (m) SEGMENTS IN ANY ORDER
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
DOWNLINK FORMAT
56 bits
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112 bits
Refer to ICAO Annex 10
AIRCRAFT AIRCRAFT
Mode S transponder SSR-only transponder
MODE S
All-call/Roll-call interrogation RADAR
scheduling and generation
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GDLP/LU SCN ATC
The Mode S station operates with a Radar Parameter Set (RPS) identified by its
name, selected among up to sixteen RPSs depending on the Network aided or
Standalone mode of operation.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
RPS features
The RPS describes the following parameter values:
− II/SI code to be used by the radar,
− coverage map name,
− scheduling parameters:
• AC/RC operational pattern,
• all-call staggering maximum deviation,
− I/R map selector (1/2)
In the network aided mode, the selection of the RPS to be applied is made according
to a pre-defined policy (site dependent parameter) depending on the cluster state.
In the stand-alone mode, the Mode S station operates with a RPS corresponding to
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this mode.
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
SCN Centralised / Distributed approaches
Centralised approach:
A cluster controller is responsible for maintaining the overall coherency:
- the cluster controller knows the coverage maps of each radar,
- it informs a radar when an aircraft is entering the radar coverage,
- it centralises all SCN data exchanged between the radars belonging to the cluster.
Distributed approach:
Radars are able to co-ordinate themselves:
- all radar stations are interconnected via the network and directly exchange SCN
data,
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RSM970S PRINCIPLES
Surveillance Coordination Network SCN
RSM970S1_en7 Rev 03 15-05-2003
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CENTRALIZED APPROACH
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DISTRIBUTED APPROACH
Avionics
subnetwork
Avionics
router
MODE S
subnetwork
ADLP
MODE S TRANSPONDER
AIRCRAFT
GROUND
VHF Satellite
subnetwork subnetwork
MODE S STATION
GDLP INTERFACE
GDLP
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Ground Ground
router router
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subnetwork subnetwork
PRESENTATION
PRINCIPLES
STANDARD CONFIGURATION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
KEY FEATURES
FUNCTIONAL PRESENTATION
MAINTENANCE
DOCUMENTATION
STANDARD CONFIGURATION
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RSM970S CONFIGURATION
LOCATION OF RADAR STATION SUBSYSTEM
AERIAL
SUBSYSTEM
RADAR TOWER
AND RADAR ROOM
INTERROGATOR/RECEIVER
SUBSYSTEM
RADAR ROOM
SITE DEPENDENT
PARAMETER
TOOL
RADAR ROOM
INTERROGATOR REPLY
PROCESSOR
SUBSYSTEM
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RADAR ROOM
ANCILLARIES
RADAR REMOTE
POWER MAINTENANCE CONTROL AND
I/R CABINET DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES MONITORING
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CABINET SUBSYSTEM
RADAR ROOM
AND RADAR ROOM AND
RADAR ROOM CONTROL CENTRE
SITE MONITOR ROOM
RF SIGNALS
CHANNEL 1 TRANSFER
CHANNEL 2
I/R SUBSYSTEM RF UNIT I/R SUBSYSTEM
TRANSMITTER TRANSMITTER
AND AND
RECEIVER RECEIVER
UTC
CHANNEL 1 CHANNEL 2 UTC
TIME TIME IRP SUBSYSTEM IRP SUBSYSTEM TIME TIME
RECEIVER RECEIVER
CHANNEL 1 EXTRACTOR EXTRACTOR CHANNEL 2
AND AND
PROCESSOR PROCESSOR
HUB HUB
PSR PSR
CHANNEL CHANNEL HARDWARE LINKING DEPENDING ON SITE REQUIREMENTS
2 1
M M M M M M M M M M
O O O O O O O O O O
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D D D D D D D D D D
E E E E E E E E E E
M M M M M M M M M M
SMS TRANSFER
RF UNIT
400 V AC
AC
POWER ANTENN Wind speed meter
230 V AC DISTRIBUTION C
MAINS AONTROL controls CABINET
CABINET CABINET BUILDING
Emergency stop
command
Mx6 Mx2
SCN
ATCC
Mx2 GDLP LU
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M : Modem OTHER
STATION
: Mechanical
interface
PRESENTATION
PRINCIPLES
STANDARD CONFIGURATION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
KEY FEATURES
FUNCTIONAL PRESENTATION
MAINTENANCE
DOCUMENTATION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
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RSM970S GENERAL DESCRIPTION
l one IR cabinet
l one Transmitter
l one Receiver
l one Interrogator/Reply Processor
l two fan units
l one DC power supply unit
one Time Stamping Function unit (option)
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RSM970S GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The RSM970S carries out the functions of a dual interrogator / receiver and signal
and data processing equipment.
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RSM970S GENERAL DESCRIPTION
ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
The azimuth encoder transmits the angular position of the antenna (north crossing
and increment signals) in digital form.
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RSM970S GENERAL DESCRIPTION
RSM970S AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
SECONDARY ANTENNA
VIA ROTARY JOINT AZIMUTH
AND DRIVE MECHANISM DISTRIBUTION
Σ ∆ Ω
RSM970S
IR CABINET
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REMOTE CONTROL
AND MONITORING
MAINTENANCE
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DISPLAY UNIT
1 3 10
4
5
9
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RSM970S GENERAL DESCRIPTION
RSM970S CABINET ARRANGEMENT
The dual Interrogator/Receiver cabinet (IR CB) (item 5), having front and rear access
doors, each of the left (channel 1) and right (channel 2) parts contains the following
equipment:
• a receiver (SRX 2000) (item 4),
• a transmitter (STX 2000) (item 3),
• an Interrogator Reply Processor (IRP) (item 7),
• the equipment own to each I/R channel cabinet: DC power supply (DCS) unit
(item 9), thermal sensor and fan units (items 6 and 8).
• The antenna control cabinet (AA 2000) (item 2) close to the dual I/R cabinet.
The power distribution cabinet (AE 2000) (item 1) mounted back to back with the
antenna control cabinet (AA 2000).
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At the rear of the channel 1 (left side) I/R cabinet is located the transfer RF Unit
(RFU) (item 10).
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RSM970S GENERAL DESCRIPTION
13
11
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14
34
15
33
16
32 25 24
17
31
26 23 18
30
19
29
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20
28 27 22 21
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• reserved locations for modems (items 18 to 23).
PRESENTATION
PRINCIPLES
STANDARD CONFIGURATION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
KEY FEATURES
FUNCTIONAL PRESENTATION
MAINTENANCE
DOCUMENTATION
KEY FEATURES
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RSM970S KEY FEATURES
Key Characteristics
ALTITUDE
2
(1) Max. elevation angle : 45 °
5
4
RANGE
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CO VERAGE DIAGRAM
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< 2 nm 0.6° to 4.8° ≥ 99%
> 2 nm > 4.8° ≥ 99%
Reply type Garbling reply Overlapping time t Overall Mode S detection probability
Mode S short SSR or Mode S t ≤ 20 µs ≥ 70%
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and long
Mode S short Mode S 20 < t ≤ 32 µs ≥ 40%
and long
Mode S short Mode S 32 < t < 64 µs ≥ 20%
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and long
Mode S long Mode S long Not testable Not testable
− SSR validated correct code detection with garbling targets (no fruit)
Range Azimuth Code Overall probability of detecting
separation separation two SSR targets with validated
correct code
< 0.05 nm < 0.6° Mode A or C > 60%
0.05 nm to 2 nm < 0.6° Mode A or C > 90%
< 2 nm 0.6° to 4.8° Mode A or C > 98%
< 2 nm 1.2° to 4.8° Mode A or C > 99%
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RSM970S KEY FEATURES
PERFORMANCES
• False information:
− Validated but incorrect Mode A codes : < 0.1 %
− Validated but incorrect false Mode C codes : < 0.1 %
− Probability of false data link message in a Mode S reply :< 10 E-7
−Surveillance position accuracy
• Range accuracy and bias adjustment:
− Slant range bias (Mode S, A or C):< 14 m
− SSR range random error :< 30 m (rms)
− Mode S range random error :< 15 m (rms)
Range bias null adjustment is configurable by the operator.
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Range offset is also configurable by the operator in order to set the range bias below
14 m.
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RSM970S KEY FEATURES
PERFORMANCES
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RSM970S KEY FEATURES
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
RF characteristics
• Radar frequencies:
− Interrogation frequency : 1030 MHz ± 1 MHz
− Reception frequency : 1090 MHz ± 3 MHz
• Maximum antenna gain : 27 dBi
• Antenna azimuth beam width : 2.4°
• Transmitted power peak power : 2570 W
• VSWR : < 1.5 (cabinet output)
• Isolation between channels : > 70 dB
• Transmitter duty cycle:
− 63.7 % over 1.6 ms (32 Mode S roll-call interrogations within 1.6 ms, with
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one interrogation every 50 µs); capability of repeating this duty cycle every
16 ms
− at least 5 % over one antenna revolution for the SUM channel
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• RF change over switching time : < 100 ms
−System start-up
• System response time (time between the start-up command and the sending of
a plot on a surveillance line): 4.5 minutes plus 3 scan periods
• Initial aircraft acquisition: at least 99 % of aircraft present in the surveillance
coverage of the system within 10 antenna scans after the first plot has been
output on the surveillance link
• Time stamping
• Control and Monitoring System time synchronisation: from GPS receiver time
information with a minimum precision of 1 s
• Radar processing time stamping accuracy < 2 ms
System time performance when not synchronised on external signal:
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l
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RSM970S KEY FEATURES
RADAR customisable characteristics
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RSM970S Part 1/2 Last page
Last page of
RSM970S
Part 1 / 2
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