DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ......................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. ii
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR GRAFIK ........................................................................................... ix
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang ........................................................................ 1
1.2. Maksud dan Tujuan Kerja Praktek ......................................... 2
1.2.1 Maksud Kerja Praktek ................................................... 2
1.2.2 Tujuan Kerja Praktek ..................................................... 2
1.3. Waktu dan Tempat Pelaksanaan ............................................. 3
1.3.1 Waktu ............................................................................. 3
1.3.2 Tempat ........................................................................... 3
1.4. Ruang Lingkup Kerja Praktek ................................................ 3
1.5. Metodologi Pengambilan Data ............................................... 4

BAB II PROFIL PT. PERTAMINA EP ASSET 5 BUNYU FIELD ....... 5

2.1. Sejarah Lapangan Bunyu ........................................................ 5
2.2. Visi dan Misi PT. Pertamina EP Asset 5 Bunyu Field ........... 7
2.3. Letak Geografis .................................................................... 7
2.4. Keadaan Geologi Regional ................................................... 8
2.5. Kondisi Geologi ...................................................................... 12
2.6. Petroleum System .................................................................. 13

BAB III TEORI DASAR .............................................................................. 16

3.1. Operasi Produksi ..................................................................... 16
3.1.1. Gathering Station (Stasiun Pengumpul) dan Test Unit 16

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 3.1.2. Stasiun Kompressor Gas (SKG) ................................... 19
3.1.3. Stasiun Pengumpul utama (SPU) ................................. 19
3.1.4. Loading Terminal ......................................................... 21
3.1.5. Pengapalan .................................................................... 22
3.2. Artificial Lift ........................................................................... 23
3.2.1. Gas Lift ......................................................................... 23
3.2.2. ESP (Electric Submersible Pump) ................................ 28
3.2.3. Hidroulic Jet Pump (HJP) ............................................. 38
3.3. Logging ................................................................................... 39
3.3.1. Gamma Ray (GR) Log.................................................. 39
3.3.2. Spontaneous Potential (SP) Log ................................... 40
3..3.3. Resistivity Log ............................................................. 40
3.3.4. Sonic (Acoustic) Log .................................................... 40
3.3.5. Neutron Log .................................................................. 40
3.3.6. Densitas Log ................................................................. 40
3.4. Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) ................................. 41
3.4.1. Variable dalam IPR ...................................................... 41
3.4.2. Pendekatan Formasi IPR .............................................. 43
3.4.3. Korelasi IPR satu fasa .................................................. 44
3.4.4. Korelasi IPR dua fasa ................................................... 45
3.5. Hidroulic Fracturing ............................................................... 48
3.6. Wereline .................................................................................. 51
3.6.1. Slickline Equipment...................................................... 51
3.6.2. Bottom Hole Pressure (BHP) Test ................................ 52
3.7. Penyemenan ( Cementing ) ..................................................... 54
3.7.1. Primary Cementing ....................................................... 55
3.7.2. Secondary Cementing ................................................... 56
3.7.3. Evaluasi Penyemenan ................................................... 58
3.7.3.1. Cement Bond Log (CBL)............................... 58
3.7.3.2. Variable Density Log (VDL) ......................... 59
3.7.3.3. Ultrasonic Image Tools (USIT) ..................... 60

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 3.8. Perforasi .................................................................................. 60
3.9. Sistem Sirkulasi ( Lumpur Pemboran ) .................................. 66

BAB IV KEGIATAN-KEGIATAN ............................................................. 71

4.1. Proses Alur Produksi .............................................................. 71
4.1.1. Gathering Station (GS) dan Test Unit .......................... 71
4.1.2. Compressor Gas Station (CGS).................................... 80
4.1.3. Main Gathering Station (MGS) .................................... 83
4.1.3.1 Sounding............................................................ 86
4.1.4. Loading Terminal ......................................................... 86
4.1.4.1. Analisa Minyak ................................................ 88
4.1.5. Pengapalan .................................................................... 98
4.2. Inflow Perpormance Relationship (IPR) ................................ 99
4.2.1 IPR before HF................................................................ 99
4.2.2 IPR after HF .................................................................. 103
4.3. Slickline................................................................................... 106
4.4. Logging CBL .......................................................................... 109
4.5. Hidroulic Fracturing ............................................................... 111
4.6. Perforasi .................................................................................. 114
4.7. Gas Lift ................................................................................... 116
4.8. Plug Cementing ...................................................................... 121
4.9. Sistem Sirkulasi ...................................................................... 126
4.10. ESP ......................................................................................... 129

BAB V KESIMPULAN ............................................................................... 139

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

2.1. Peta Lokasi Pulau Bunyu ............................................................................. 7

2.2. Kerangka Tektonik Pulau Kalimantan (Nuay, 1985 op.cit.Oh, 1987) ........ 8
2.3. Lokasi Cekungan Tarakan Lapangan ........................................................... 9
2.4. Peta Geologi Cekungan Tarakan (Pertamina-BEICIP, 1992 dalam Lentini &
Darman, 1996)..................................................................................................... 10
2.5. Peta Struktur Di Sub-Cekungan Tarakan ..................................................... 11
2.6. A) Peta Struktur Regional Cekungan Tarakan, B) Hasil Analisis Struktur,
Sub-Cekungan Tarakan Dapat Dipilah Lagi Menjadi Lima Wilayah Geologi
(Biantoro, dkk., 1996) ......................................................................................... 11
2.7. Peta Struktur Sub-Cekungan Tarakan .......................................................... 12
2.8. Petroleum System Cekungan Tarakan .......................................................... 13
2.9. Model Hydrocarbon Play Cekungan Tarakan ............................................. 14
3.1. Rangkain Gas LIft ........................................................................................ 24
3.2. Continuoes Gas Lift ..................................................................................... 26
3.3. Intermitted Gas Lif ....................................................................................... 27
3.4. Rangkain ESP............................................................................................... 28
3.5. Junction Box ................................................................................................ 29
3.6. Switchboard ................................................................................................. 30
3.7. Variable Speed Drive ................................................................................... 31
3.8. Transformer .................................................................................................. 32
3.9. Motor .......................................................................................................... 33
3.10. Seal Section/ Protector ............................................................................... 34
3.11. Gas Separator ............................................................................................. 35
3.12. Unit Pompa ................................................................................................ 36
3.13. Kabel Listrik............................................................................................... 37
3.14. Hidroulic Jet Pump (HJP) .......................................................................... 39
3.15. Plug Cementing .......................................................................................... 56
3.16. Squeeze Cementing .................................................................................... 57
3.17. Cement Bond Log (CBL) ........................................................................... 59

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3.18. Ultrasonic Image Tools (USIT) ................................................................. 60
3.19. Prima Cord ................................................................................................. 62
3.20. Denator dan Prima Cord............................................................................. 62
3.21. Loading Tube ............................................................................................. 63
3.22. Casing Gun ................................................................................................. 63
3.23. Sistem Sirkulasi.......................................................................................... 66
3.34. Mud Pump .................................................................................................. 68
3.35. Mud Pit ....................................................................................................... 68
3.36. Mud Mixing ............................................................................................... 69
3.37. Shale Shaker ............................................................................................... 69
3.38. Deggaser ..................................................................................................... 70
3.39. Desender ..................................................................................................... 70
3.40 Desilter ........................................................................................................ 70
4.1.Alur Proses Produksi Bun ............................................................................. 71
4.2. Proses Produksi di Stasiun Pengumpul ........................................................ 72
4.3. GS 1 .......................................................................................................... 73
4.4.GS II .......................................................................................................... 73
4.5.GS III .......................................................................................................... 74
4.6.Header dan Manifold di Test Unit ................................................................ 75
4.7.Separator di Test Unit ................................................................................... 76
4.8.Senior Daniel Orifice dan Plate Orifice ....................................................... 77
4.9.Barton Chart ................................................................................................. 77
4.10.Gas Scrubber di Test Unit ........................................................................... 78
4.11.Tanki Test GS ............................................................................................. 79
4.12.Tanki Tampung GS ..................................................................................... 79
4.13.Oil Catcher GS............................................................................................ 80
4.14.Alur Proses Kompresi Gas di SKG ............................................................. 80
4.15.SKG Nibung ................................................................................................ 81
4.16 Kompressor ................................................................................................. 82
4.17.SKG Bunyu ................................................................................................. 82
4.18.MGS .......................................................................................................... 83

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4.19.Tanki FWKO............................................................................................... 84
4.20.Nut shell filter.............................................................................................. 85
4.21.Pompa Injeksi MGS .................................................................................... 85
4.22.Loading Terminal ........................................................................................ 86
4.23.Sludge Pond ................................................................................................ 87
4.24.Alat dan Bahan di Laboratorium ................................................................. 88
4.25 Pembacaan Density dan Suhu ..................................................................... 89
4.26 Pencampuran Sample .................................................................................. 90
4.27.Posisi Tube .................................................................................................. 90
4.28.Volume BS&W ........................................................................................... 90
4.29 Tabel ASTM 53 .......................................................................................... 91
4.30 Tabel ASTM 54 .......................................................................................... 92
4.31 Pasta Minyak ( kuning) ............................................................................... 93
4.32 Pasta Air (Merah) ........................................................................................ 93
4.33 Contoh Tank Ticket..................................................................................... 95
4.34 Contoh Tabel Log Produksi Terminal ........................................................ 98
4.35 Contoh form perencanaan kerja .................................................................. 107
4.36 Persiapan peerlatan Slickline ...................................................................... 108
4.37 Kegiatan running in hole EMR ................................................................... 108
4.38 Persiapan tools log ...................................................................................... 109
4.39 Perakitan tools log ....................................................................................... 109
4.40 Log CBL ..................................................................................................... 110
4.41 Log USIT .................................................................................................... 110
4.42 Log CNL ..................................................................................................... 110
4.43 Logging CBL .............................................................................................. 111
4.44 Unit Hidroulic (pompa, blender, tangki air )............................................... 113
4.45 Ruang Control ............................................................................................. 113
4.46 Perakitan perporation gun ........................................................................... 115
4.47 gun sebelum perpo ...................................................................................... 116
4.48 gun setelah perpo......................................................................................... 116
4.49 O Ring ......................................................................................................... 117

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4.50 Floating Seat dan Steam tip......................................................................... 117
4.5.1 Truarc Ring ................................................................................................ 118
4.52 Bellows Housing ......................................................................................... 118
4.53 Rangkain dalam check valve ....................................................................... 118
4.54 Check Valve ................................................................................................ 118
4.55 Uji Hidrotest ................................................................................................ 119
4.56 Mandrel ....................................................................................................... 119
4.57 Instalasi Gas Lift ......................................................................................... 120
4.58 Desain dan Prosedur Plug Cementing ......................................................... 121
4.59 Unit Control ................................................................................................ 123
4.60 Silo .......................................................................................................... 123
4.61 Tangki Air ................................................................................................... 124
4.62 Mud Pump ................................................................................................... 126
4.63 Mud Pit ........................................................................................................ 127
4.64 Mud Mixing ................................................................................................ 127
4.65 Shale Shaker ................................................................................................ 128
4.66 Deggeser...................................................................................................... 128
4.67 Desender...................................................................................................... 129
4.68 Desilter ........................................................................................................ 129
4.69 Susunan Lengkap Peralatan ESP ................................................................ 130
4.70 Wellhead ..................................................................................................... 131
4.71 Junction Box ............................................................................................... 131
4.72 Switchboard ................................................................................................ 132
4.73 Transformer ................................................................................................. 133
4.74 PSV Unit ..................................................................................................... 134
4.75 Motor Listrik ............................................................................................... 135
4.76 Protector ...................................................................................................... 136
4.77 Gas Separator .............................................................................................. 136
4.78 Unit Pompa ESP.......................................................................................... 137
4.79 Electric Cable .............................................................................................. 137
4.80 Komponen Pompa ....................................................................................... 138

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 DAFTAR TABEL

1.1. Schedule Kerja Praktek ................................................................................ 3

4.1. Data IPR ....................................................................................................... 99
4.2. IPR Z 10 Lower ............................................................................................ 100
4.3 IPR Z 20 Upper ............................................................................................. 100
4.4 IPR Z 20 Upper ............................................................................................. 100
4.5 IPR Z 20 Lower ............................................................................................. 101
4.6 IPR Z 50 Upper ............................................................................................. 101
4.7 IPR Z 50 Lower ............................................................................................. 101
4.8 Data IPR Composite before HF .................................................................... 102
4.9 Data IPR ........................................................................................................ 103
4.11. IPR Z 10 Lower .......................................................................................... 104
4.12 IPR Z 20 Upper ........................................................................................... 104
4.13 IPR Z 20 Upper ........................................................................................... 104
4.14 IPR Z 20 Lower ........................................................................................... 105
4.15 IPR Z 50 Upper ........................................................................................... 105
4.16 IPR Z 50 Lower ........................................................................................... 105
4.17 Data IPR Composite after HF ..................................................................... 106

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 DAFTAR GRAFIK

3.1. Kurva IPR 2 fasa .......................................................................................... 46

3.2. IPR aliran 2 fasa ........................................................................................... 48
4.1 IPR Z 10 Lower ............................................................................................. 100
4.2 IPR Z20 Upper .............................................................................................. 100
4.3 IPR Z20 Upper .............................................................................................. 100
4.4 IPR Z20 Lower .............................................................................................. 101
4.5 IPR Z50 Upper .............................................................................................. 101
4.6 IPR Z50 Lower .............................................................................................. 101
4.7 IPR Composite before HF ............................................................................. 102
4.8 IPR Z 10 Lower ............................................................................................. 104
4.9 IPR Z20 Upper .............................................................................................. 104
4.10 IPR Z20 Upper ............................................................................................ 104
4.11 IPR Z20 Lower ............................................................................................ 105
4.12 IPR Z50 Upper ............................................................................................ 105
4.13 IPR Z50 Lower ............................................................................................ 105
4.14 IPR Composite after HF .............................................................................. 106

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