Fungsi dan peran process hierarchy diagram, data flow diagram, business process diagram,

business process model and notation dalam reability

1. Process Hierarchy Diagram: A process hierarchy diagram (or functional decomposition
diagram) provides a graphical view of the functions of a realibility system and helps to
decompose them into a tree of sub-processes. PHD used most in analysis phase of
realibility cases to identify processes within the system by name, and also decompose
them into multiple levels of sub-processes.
2. Data flow diagram: A data flow diagram (DFD) maps out the flow of information for any
process or system. It uses defined symbols like rectangles, circles and arrows, plus short
text labels, to show data inputs, outputs, storage points and the routes between each
destination. Data flowcharts can range from simple, even hand-drawn process overviews,
to in-depth, multi-level DFDs that dig progressively deeper into how the data is handled.
They can be used to analyze an existing system or model a new one. Like all the best
diagrams and charts, a DFD can often visually “say” things that would be hard to explain
in words, and they work for both technical and nontechnical audiences, from developer to
CEO. Those are reasons why DFDs remain so popular after all these years. While they
work well for data flow software and systems, they are less applicable nowadays to
visualizing interactive, real-time or database-oriented software or systems
3. Business Process Diagram: Business Process Mapping details the steps that a business
takes to complete a process, such as hiring an employee or ordering and shipping a
product. They show the “who,” “what,” “when,” “where” and “how” for these steps, and
help to analyze the “why.” These maps are also called Business Process Diagrams and
Business Flow Charts. Like other types of diagrams, these maps use defined symbols
such as circles, rectangles, diamonds and arrows to depict the business activities.
Business Process Mapping can be used to document a current process and to model a new
one. Its purpose is to gain a detailed understanding of the process, people, inputs, controls
and outputs, and then potentially to simplify it all, make it more efficient and/or improve
the process results. It requires time and discipline to conduct this mapping, but the payoff
can be significant over time. Mapping has become common in the business world to
standardize procedures, become more efficient, meet audit requirements and gain
competitive advantage. Here are more specific examples of the uses of Business Process
Mapping:
a. Compliance with International Organization for Standardization, called ISO 9001.
It’s used to conduct third-party audits of an organization’s quality management,
and Business Process Diagrams are often a key part. ISO 9001 tries to ensure that
a company’s product is complying with government regulations and meeting
customer needs.
b. Internal audits. Businesses can ensure that they are meeting their company
standards, and that their processes are aligned with their mission and goals.
c. Compliance with the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or SOX. It’s also known as the
Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act, and it protects
the public and shareholders from accounting errors and fraudulent practices. It
 requires public companies to disclose compliance issues. As with ISO, Business
Process Mapping plays a key role in SOX compliance.
d. Standardizing a process. By documenting a process, a business can standardize it
so that it’s always performed in the same, most optimal way, reducing confusion
and inefficiency.
e. Training employees. The mapping also provides a standard training document for
anyone to learn the process.
f. Improving a process. Once an existing process is mapped, it can be analyzed for
bottlenecks and inefficiencies. Business Process Modeling can be used to model a
better process.
g. Communication. Mapping provides visualization that may be much easier to
understand than narrative text would be. This can help for interpretation and
collaboration, either with an internal team or external team or consultants.

4. Business process model and notation: Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is a
flow chart method that models the steps of a planned business process from end to end. A
key to Business Process Management, it visually depicts a detailed sequence of business
activities and information flows needed to complete a process. Its purpose is to model
ways to improve efficiency, account for new circumstances or gain competitive
advantage. The method has been undergoing a standardization push in the past few years
and is now often called by a slightly different name: Business Process Model and
Notation, still using the BPMN acronym. It differs from Unified Modeling Language
(UML) used in software design.