Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini biasanya digunakan
untuk menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.
Rumus Kata Sinyal Kalimat Positif Kalimat Negatif Kalimat Tanya
Does he work
always, every,
Subject + He always works He does not very hard in the
never, normally,
Verb 1 very hard in the work very hard company?
often, sometimes,
(present form) company in the company. Yes, he does. /
usually, seldom
No, he does not.

Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung saat
pembicaraan sedang berlangsung atau bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana di masa depan.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Subject + Is he playing
He is not
am/is/are + at the moment, just Look! He is computer games
playing
Verb -ing now, now, right talking with his at the moment?
computer
(continuous now, Listen!, Look! classmates. Yes, he is.
games now.
form) / No, he is not.

Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense menekankan pada hasil. Tense ini menunjukkan aksi yang masih sedang
berlangsung atau baru saja selesai.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Has he
completed the
Subject +
already, ever, just, arrangement for
has/have+ He has already He has not been
never, not yet, so the coming event
Verb III (past finished his to Australia so
far, till now, up to up to now?
participle homework. far.
now Yes, he has.
form)
/ No, he has
not.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu
titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai
sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi
sekarang.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Subject + Has he been
HAS/HAVE + for the past 5 years, playing the
He has been He has not been
BEEN + Verb how long …?, the computer game
working here speaking for the
-ing whole week, since all day?
since 1996. last 3 hours.
(continuous xxxx Yes, he has.
form) / No, he has not.

Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
yesterday, 2
Did he pay the
Subject + minutes ago, in Last year, he He did not go to
bill yesterday?
Verb II (past 1996, last always worked school this
Yes, he did.
form) Thursday, this into night. morning.
/ No, he did not.
morning
 Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu
tertentu di masa lampau. Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa lampau dan satu kejadian menginterupsi
kejadian yang lain.Kejadian yang sedang diinterupsi tersebut yang menggunakan past continuous tense.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Was he writing
Subject + He was not the letter to his
WAS/WERE + when, while, as long He was speaking doing his parents when I
Verb -ing as, at this time when I entered in homework at was out last
(continuous yesterday room. this time Tuesday?
form) yesterday. Yes, he was. /
No, he was not.

Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu
di masa lampau dan lebih menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Had he entered
the company
before he
Subject + before yesterday, till He had finished He had not
achieved his
HAD + Verb III three days ago, his designs been a high
master degree in
(past participle already, until that before he went to school student
1990?
form) day work yesterday. until last year.
Yes, he had.
/ No, he had
not.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense hampir serupa dengan past perfect tense. Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan
suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa
lalu, tapi tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Had he been
Subject + He was told that
He said that he speaking for the
HAD + BEEN his teacher had
for, since, the whole had been whole class
+ Verb -ing been waiting for
day, all day working here for before I entered?
(continuous him since 2 p.m
ten years. Yes, he had. /
form) yesterday.
No, he had not.

Simple Future Tense

Simple Future tense mengindikasikan suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak dapat dipengaruhi.
Dapat juga digunakan untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau asumsi yang
berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be going to” merupakan 2 indikator umum
pada tenses ini.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
He will not play
Subject + computer Will he go to the
He is going to be
“WILL/ BE in a year, next …, games anymore cinema tomorrow
journalist after he
GOING TO” + tomorrow, next because he with us?
graduate next
Verb (present week, five days later understand how Yes, he will. / No,
year.
form) harmful they he will not.
are.
 Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan
datang dan aksi yang pasti akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
He will be
Subject + He will not be Will he be playing
delivering the
“WILL/BE doing the task football next morning
tomorrow speech to
GOING TO” + in the office in the
morning, in one undergraduates
“BE” + Verb this afternoon playground? Yes,
year at 3 p.m
(continuous because he is he will./ No, he will
tomorrow
form) sick. not.
afternoon.

Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense menekankan pada aksi yang akan berakhir pada waktu tertentu di masa yang
akan datang.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Will he have
Subject + He will not have
finished the task
“WILL HAVE” He will have finished the
by next Monday, in in a
+ Verb II (past finished the task given task by
a week week? Yes,
participle by next Monday. tomorrow
he will./ No, he
form) evening.
will not.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Hampir sama dengan semua jenis perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous
tense merupakan serangkaian aksi yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Subject + Will he have been
He will have
“WILL HAVE He will not have doing the research
for the last couple been taking
BEEN” + Verb been doing the all day
of hours, all day charge of the
III (past task for the last long? Yes,
long team for the next
participle couple of hours. he will./ No, he
hour.
form) will not.

Past Future Tense

Past future tense pada dasarnya digunakan dalam kalimat yang tidak langsung, dimana terdapat
perubahan bentuk untuk menyesuaikan dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang ada.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
He did not Did you tell him
Subject +
He said that he promise that when I would
“SHOULD/WOULD”
would leave in he would buy arrive? Yes,
+ Verb (present
three days. you a new I did. / No, I did
form)
computer. not.

Past Future Continuous Tense

Past future continuous tense menekankan pada serangkaian atau durasi sebuah aksi terjadi. Sebagai
tambahan, ini juga biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
I made a
I did not tell Did you say that
Subject + promise that I
anyone that I you would be
“SHOULD/WOULD would be doing
would be giving working hard in
BE” + Verb my homework
a speech to the next
(continuous form) all day long
undergraduates week? Yes, I
tomorrow.
 for the next did / No, I
whole morning. did not.

Past Future Perfect Tense

Terdapat 3 waktu dalam past future perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu. Menunjuk pada waktu yang akan
datang, waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tetapi aksi yang terjadi harus sudah selesai sebelum waktu
yang akan datang. Dan biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Did you say that
He told the He said that he
Subject + you would have
students that would not have
“SHOULD/WOULD been a doctor in
they should made such a
HAVE BEEN” + three years?
have finished mistake if he
Verb III (past Yes, I did
the homework had taken my
participle form) / No, I did
this morning. advice.
not.

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense yang cukup sulit. Namun, kamu dapat
mempelajarinya dari past future perfect tense. Bedanya, past future perfect tense menekankan pada
durasi waktu yang sudah berlalu dan hasil.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Would he have
I did not know been explaining
I heard that you
Subject + that he would to the workers if
should have
“SHOULD/WOULD have been he had made the
been teaching
HAVE BEEN” + working for the information
here for ten
Verb (continuous past three clear?
years by this
form) hours by that Yes, he would /
July.
time. No, he would
not.