GYANMANJARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Subject Name: ELEMENTS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Semester: 01

CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING

1.) Part to whole work is not the part of fundamentals principle of surveying. Justify the answer.
2.) What are the different types of measurements in plane surveying?
3.) Construct the angles of 300 and 800 with the scale of chords. (Ref. Surveying Vol.1, B.C. Punmia)
4.) Explain the shrunk scale. (Ref. Surveying Vol.1, B.C. Punmia)

CHAPTER 3
LINEAR MEASUREMENTS
5.) A steel tape was exactly 30m long at 200 C when supported throughout its length under a pull of 12kg. A line was
measured with this tape under a pull of 15kg and at a mean temperature of 340 C and found to be 790m long. The cross
sectional area of the tape= 0.04cm2 , and its total weight= 0.784 kg. α for steel= 11*10-6 per 0C and E for steel = 2.1*106
kg/cm2 . Compute the true length of the line if the tape was supported during measurement at every 30m.
6.) To measure a base line, a steel tape 30m long standardized at 150C with a pull of 100N was used. Find the correction
per tape length if the temperature at the time of measurement was 200C and the pull exerted was 160N.
Weight of 1cm3 of steel=0.0786N
Weight of the tape= 8N
E= 2.1*107 N/cm2
α=7.1*10-7 per 0C
(ANS: +0.0026m)
7.) A survey line AB is run along different slopes as detailed below:
A to C, downward slope of 1 in 10, measured distance= 238m,
C to D, elevation 80150, measured distance=227m,
D to B, rise= 25m, measured distance= 200m.
Calculate the horizontal distance from A to B. The 20m chain used was 5cm too long.
(ANS: 661.56m)
8.) Calculate the minimum angle of inclination that gives rise to a relative accuracy of 1 in 2000.
(ANS: 1.810)
9.) (a.) How may a chain be standarised? How may adjustments be made to the chain if it is found to be too long?
(b.) A field was surveyed by a chain and the area was found to be 127.34 acres. If the chain used in the measurement
was 0.8 percent too long, what is the correct area of the field?
10.) What are the different sources of errors in chain surveying?
Distinguish clearly between cumulative and compensating errors.
11.) The height of an inaccessible tower is to be determined by ranging rods. The two ranging rods of length 2.5m and
1.5m are placed in such a way that their tops are in line with the top of the tower. The distance between the ranging rods is
10.
The two ranging rods are then placed in a different setting on the same ranged out line such that the longer rod is
placed 110m away from its first position and the distance between the ranging rods are 30m. If their tops are again in line
with the top of the tower, determine the height of the tower.
CHAPTER 4
ANGULAR MEASUREMENT

12.) Differentiate between traverse surveying and chain surveying.

13.) Explain the bowditch rule for adjusting a compass traverse.
14.) Find which stations are affected by local attraction. Work out correct bearings of the lines of a closed traverse
ABCDEA.
LINE FB BB
0 0
AB 195 30 17000
0 0
BC 73 30 2500300
CD 360150 2140300
DE 2660450 840450
EA 2340150 57000

15.) Following is the data regarding a closed compass traverse PQRS taken in a clockwise direction:
(i.) FB and BB at station P = 55 and 135,
(ii.) FB and BB of line RS = 211 and 31,
(iii.) Included angles Q =100 and R= 105,
(iv.) Local attraction at station R =2W,
(v.) All the observations were free from all the errors except local attraction.
From the above data,
(i.) Calculate the local attraction at station P and S.
(ii.) Calculate the corrected bearings of all the lines and tabulate the same.
16.) In an anticlockwise traverse ABCA all the sides were equal. Magnetic fore bearing of BC was obtained to be 15.30’.
The bearing of sun was observed to be 184’30’ at local noon with a prismatic compass. Calculate the magnetic bearings
and the true bearings of all the sides of the traverse.
Tabulate the results and draw a neat sketch to show the bearings.
17.) A plot has to be laid in the form of a regular pentagon. If the bearing of one of the lines of the pentagon is N 37’45’E,
find the bearings of the remaining lines.
18.) The following angles were observed in clockwise direction in an open traverse.
Angle ABC= 124’15’, Angle BCD= 156’30’, Angle CDE= 102’, Angle DEF= 95’15’,
Angle EFG =215’45’,
Magnetic bearing of the line AB was 241’30’. What would be the bearing of line FG?
19.) Find the magnetic declination at a place if the magnetic bearing of the sun at noon is (a.) 1840 and (b.) 3500200.
CHAPTER 5
LEVELLING

20.) The following is the page of a level book. Fill in the missing readings and calculate the RL of all the points. Apply
the usual checks:
Station B.S. I.S. F.S. Rise Fall RL Remarks
1 2.14 150 BM
2 1.635 ? 0.55 CP
3 2.245 ?
4 ? 1.865 ? CP
5 2.15 1.925 0.5 CP
6 ? 1.68
7 1.78 ? 0.13 CP
8 2.785 2.22 ?
9 1.725 ? 152.25

21.) The following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level and the 4m leveling staff on a continuously
slopping ground at 20m intervals.
0.78, 1.555, 1.765,2.43, 2.785, 3.48, 1.155, 1.96, 2.275, 3.64, 0.935, 0.845, 1.63 and 2.35. The RL of starting point was
50.75m.
(i.) Rule out a page of the level book and enter the above readings.
(ii.) Carry out reduction of readings by the collimation method and apply the usual checks.
(iii.) Determine the gradient of the joining the first and last point.
22.) Write a short note on Level tube and explain the sensitivity of level tube. (Surveying , Vol.1 , Dr. K.R. Arora)
23.) Explain the principle of leveling. (Surveying, Vol.1 , Dr. K.R. Arora)
24.) The following notes refer to reciprocal levels taken with one level:
Instrument Staff reading on Remarks
Near P Q Distance PQ = 1010m
P 1.824 2.748 RL of P = 126.386m
Q 0.928 1.606
Find (a.) the true RL of Q, (b.) the combined correction for curvature and refraction, and (c.) the angular error in the
collimation adjustment.
25.) Compute the rise and fall method of reducing leveling notes with the height of collimation method.
It was required to ascertain elevations of A and B. A line of levels was taken from A to B and then continued to a bench
mark of elevation 127.3ft. The observations are recorded below. Obtain the RL’s of A and B.
B.S. I.S. F.S. R.L. Remarks
3.92 A
1.46 7.78
7.05 3.27
2.36 B
4.81 0.85
8.63 2.97
7.02 3.19
4.28 127.3 B.M.