IEEE Reference

IEEE REFERENCING EXAMPLES
RMIT University Library

Updated: 21 December 2017
Important: This is a guide only. To avoid losing marks:
1. Confirm the referencing requirements of your school with your lecturer, and
2. Use IEEE, IEEE Editorial Style Manual, Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE Periodicals, 2016. [Online].
Available: http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-article/create-the-text-of-your-
article/ieee-editorial-style-manual-2017/ to clarify referencing rules or if you need more examples.
This guide is based on this publication.
The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) citation style is a numbered style where
references are numbered [1], [2], [3] in-text and so on in the order of appearance in the body of the
document. A Reference List at the end of the work provides full details of all references cited in-text.
The references are ordered as they appear in the in-text references (in order of citation, not in
alphabetical order). You need to follow this style when acknowledging your information sources.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
General rules
 In your writing, you must acknowledge each author or source of information (whether print or
online) either by paraphrasing or using a direct quote.
 References that are cited in-text MUST appear as a number within square brackets, and need to
come before any punctuation with a space before the bracket.
 Numbered references used in-text MUST start at [1] and continue in ascending order within the
body of the work.
 Once a source has been cited and allocated a reference number, the same reference number
MUST be used throughout the body of a work if it’s referred to multiple times.
 Numbered citations may be treated grammatically as footnote numbers in the text e.g. As
demonstrated by Smith [5] . . . For further details, see [1], [5], [7].
 Numbered citations may also be treated as nouns in the text e.g. According to [7] . . . As
mentioned in [4], [5], [6]–[8] . . . (note the use of the en dash symbol ‘–’ between a source range).
 It is NOT necessary to mention either the author(s) or dates of any work cited in-text.
 If referring to authors in the body of the text, then all author family names must be listed up to
three authors. If there are four or more authors, then cite only the family name of the first author
followed by et al. for the first and subsequent citations.
 When using the exact words that an author has used, you must enclose these in double
quotation marks “ ” and allocate a citation number along with the page number(s) in square
brackets.
Document1
Available at: www.rmit.edu.au/library/referencing
Created:26 June 2017
Page 1 of 15
Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing is when you are expressing the ideas of the author(s) in your own words. When
paraphrasing, it’s acceptable to include only the citation as a number in square brackets, or as a number
along with the author’s family name as part of your sentence.
Note: When paraphrasing, the citation details can be placed at the beginning, middle or end of a
sentence.
Citation at the beginning
Benson [1] states that thermal performance . . .
Citation in the middle

. . . not only does the shift toward multicore processors mean more improvements in CPU speed [1], but
they also consume less power and produce less heat.
Citation at the end

. . . and therefore the rate of heat transfer slows [1].
Note: Citations can also be structured according to whether they give prominence to the author, or to the
information being conveyed.
Author-prominent citations
In his research on software thermal management, Benson [1] claims that . . .
Information-prominent citations
. . . where more processors are being produced to optimise power and thermal performance [1].
Including page numbers in a paraphrase citation

When paraphrasing, page numbers are not usually used as part of the citation, unless it intends to help
the reader to locate the source of the information in a lengthy document.
Note: Including page numbers when paraphrasing is optional, and is NOT a requirement of the IEEE
referencing style.
Direct quotes
Direct quotes are used when you are using the exact words of the author(s). Put direct quotes between
double quotation marks “ ” and add both the citation number followed by a comma, and the page
number(s), preceded by p. or pp. Do not overuse direct quotes.
“Due to the nonlinear nature of the Law of Dynamic Power, if the demand on the processor is light, the
operating frequency can be reduced to save clock cycles, reducing power and limiting heat generation”
[1, p. 82].
Note: Quotes longer than three lines are strongly discouraged, and should be avoided.
Document1
Page 2 of 15
Single author
When paraphrasing, include the citation number in square brackets. Or, if referring to the author(s) family
name in the body of the text, then include the citation number in square brackets immediately after the
family name.
As discussed in [1], relays are used in everyday life.
Blackburn [1] states that . . .

When directly quoting, give the page number(s) from the source.
“Symmetrical components can be called the language of the relay engineer or technician” [1, p. 71].
Blackburn notes that “Symmetrical components can be called the language of the relay engineer or
technician” [1, p. 71].
Two or three authors
State all authors (up to three), using ‘and’ between the last two author family names when citing in-text.
Bayliss and Hardy [2] contend that . . .
Four or more authors
If citing more than three authors in-text, use the first family name listed followed by et al. (in italics).
Radulov et al. [3] argue that . . .
Citing the same reference multiple times
If citing the same reference within the body of the text, then use the same citation number throughout the
text. IEEE does NOT allow for the use of terms such as “ibid.” or “op. cit.” when citing the same
reference multiple times. Instead, if the same source is cited multiple times, then it is preferable to
distinguish between these with reference to the appropriate section, for example . . .
[2, p. 15] when directly quoting a single page; [2, pp. 29–31] directly quoting multiple pages; [2, Ch. 8]
referring to a chapter; [2, Fig. 31] a figure; [2, Sec. 6.5] a section; [2, Tab. 12] a table; [2, eq. (7)] an
equation; [2, Appendix IV] an appendix; and [2, Algorithm 9] an algorithm.
Multiple citations
If listing multiple citations within a sentence of text, then the preferred method is to list each citation
number separately, or by inserting a comma or en dash between each number.
In [1], [4], [8] it was noted that . . .
It is suggested by [6]–[9] that . . .

It is also acceptable for multiple citations to be listed the following way in-text:
Document1
Page 3 of 15
Recent studies [1, 2, 5] have noted that . . .
Specific objectives [4–7] indicate that . . .
Secondary citation
A secondary citation is used when you acknowledge the work of an author that you have read about in
another author’s work.
The IEEE referencing style does NOT allow for the use of secondary citations.
If a secondary citation has to be used, then the original source MUST be located and cited.
If the original source cannot be located, then do NOT cite it.
Electronic sources
Many electronic sources do not provide page numbers, unless they are in PDF format.
Use the name of the section, paragraph or chapter number as part of the in-text reference if quoting from
a source that does not include page numbers.
. . . as noted in [5, para. 8]
. . . as suggested in [7, Sec. 12]
. . . as argued in [3, Ch. 11, para. 19]
THE REFERENCE LIST
General rules
 Use a reference list to include all of the publications you have acknowledged at the end of your
work, and use the heading References or Reference List on a new page.
 The reference list is arranged in an ascending numbered sequence such as [1], [2], [3] and so on,
and MUST be presented in the order in which they appear in the body of the text.
 Reference list numbers should be positioned flush against the left page margin, and the citation
details MUST appear on the same line, and be indented.
 Abbreviate common words, months, publisher names, conference proceedings and journal titles
where appropriate – see ‘Abbreviations’ section below for further details.
 Capitalise and italicise titles where appropriate.
 Do NOT combine references – only one reference per number.
 Include a retrieval statement in the form of a URL (where possible) if the reference is taken from
an electronic or online source, or alternatively, where stated in the rules, a database name.
 Include an access date for references taken from an online source.
 Take care when editing any references, as this may require careful renumbering of sources cited
both in-text and in the reference list.
Document1
Page 4 of 15
 The Reference List is to be formatted using 1.5 line spacing and single paragraph spacing
between each citation.
 When citing electronic sources such as e-journal articles or e-books, you MUST include a digital
object identifier (DOI) if stated. A DOI is a unique identifier that is assigned to certain electronic
sources, and provides a persistent link to online content. The DOI can appear in the reference list
using the following formats: doi:xx.xxxxx/xxxxxx or http://dx.doi.org/xxxxxxxxxx or
https://doi.org/xxxxxxxxxx
 If no DOI is assigned, include either the journal/database homepage URL if taken from a library
database, or the full URL if taken from a source on the open web.
Note: There is no full stop after the DOI/URL, and the hyperlink is removed.
Place of publication
For the place of publication, add the city, and then include the state code (if applicable) and country
name, followed by the publisher and year of publication.
Cities in the USA need the state abbreviation and country.
Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning, 2017.
Cities in other countries (outside the USA) just need to include the city name and country.
Oxford, United Kingdom: Newnes, 2012.
Abbreviations
Month abbreviations
When citing journals, patents and websites, use the following abbreviations for months:
Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec. (note that some months appear
in full and DO NOT require a full stop).
Use a forward slash for bimonthly issues e.g. Apr./May 2016 and a en dash for a quarterly issue e.g.
June–Aug. 2015.
Word abbreviations
Standard IEEE words when used in a reference should be abbreviated. See the ‘Common Abbreviations
of Words in References’ section of the IEEE Editorial Style Manual (2016) pp. 40–42 for details:
http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-article/create-the-text-of-your-article/ieee-editorial-style-
manual-2017/
Journal title abbreviations

If referencing any IEEE journals or magazine titles, then refer to the ‘IEEE Abbreviations for
Transactions, Journals, Letters’ section of the IEEE Editorial Style Manual (2016) pp. 43–48 for details:
manual-2017/
Document1
Page 5 of 15
Conference proceeding abbreviations
When citing conference proceedings, the common rule is to list the author(s), title, name and location (if
provided) of the conference and use any standard abbreviations where necessary. For further details,
refer to the ‘Published Conference Proceedings’ section of the IEEE Editorial Style Manual (2016) p. 36:
manual-2017/
Common IEEE abbreviations and acronyms

When using common IEEE abbreviations and acronyms in-text, then refer to the ‘Some Common
Acronyms and Abbreviations’ section of the IEEE Editorial Style Manual (2016) pp. 49–52 for details:
manual-2017/
Books
When citing books make sure to include the following information where available:
Author(s) initials. Family name(s), or name of organisation/company, Title of Book, ed. (edition, except
the first). Place of Publication City, abbrev. U.S. State (if applicable), Country: Publisher, Year of
Publication.
Book with single author
[1] J. L. Blackburn, Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, 4th ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC
Press, 2014.
Book with two to six authors

List all authors (up to six), separating the last two author names with ‘and’.
[2] G. Radulov, P. Quinn, H. Hegt, and A. van Roermund, Smart and Flexible Digital-to-Analog
Converters, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2011.
Book with more than six authors

If there are more than six authors listed, use et al. (in italics) after the first author’s family name.
[3] H. F. Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 7th ed. New York, NY, USA: W. H. Freeman and Co.,
2012.
Book with an edition number

Include the edition number followed by the abbreviation ed. after the book title. If the book is a first
edition, or no edition is stated, do NOT include the edition number.
[4] J. Wickert and K. Lewis, An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering, 4th ed. Boston, MA, USA:
Cengage Learning, 2017.
Document1
Page 6 of 15
Corporate author
Place corporate name in the author position.
[5] CSIRO Division of Entomology, The Insects of Australia: A Textbook for Students and Research
Workers, 2nd ed. Carlton South, Australia: Melbourne University Press, 1991.
Translated book
Include the translated title and details such as language and translator directly after the title, all in italics.
[6] L. Y. Kupriyanov, Semiconductor Sensors in Physico-Chemical Studies Translated from Russian by

V.Y. Vetrov, Burlington, VT, USA: Elsevier Science, 1996.
Book chapter (in an edited book)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of the chapter," in Title of the Book, ed. (edition, except the first).
Ed. (editor if available). Place of Publication City, abbrev. U.S. State (if applicable), Country: Publisher,
Year of Publication, pp. chapter/s or first and last pages of the article.
[7] L. B. Wagenaar, "Electrical bushings," in Electric Power Transformer Engineering, 3rd ed. J. H.
Harlow, Ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2012, pp. 1-24.
E-book from a database (without DOI)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of Book, ed. (edition, except the first). Place of Publication City,
abbrev. U.S. State (if applicable), Country: Publisher, Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month.
Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: database homepage URL
[8] P. Curwen and J. Whalley, Mobile Telecommunications in a High-Speed World: Industry Structure,
Strategic Behaviour and Socio-Economic Impact, Farnham, United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing
Ltd, 2011. Accessed on: May 22, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
E-book from a database (with DOI)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of Book, ed. (edition, except the first). Place of Publication City,
abbrev. U.S. State (if applicable), Country: Publisher, Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month.
Day, Year. [Type of medium]. DOI
[9] T. Rossing, Ed., Springer Handbook of Acoustics, 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Springer, 2015.
Accessed on: May 27, 2017. [Online]. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0755-7
Document1
Page 7 of 15
E-book from the internet
Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of Book, ed. (edition, except the first). Year of Publication.
Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file
[10] L. Scharf, A First Course in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2012. Accessed on: May 20,
2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.freetechbooks.com/a-first-course-in-electrical-and-
computer-engineering-t1038.html
Journal articles
The IEEE Referencing Style requires the abbreviation of journal titles in a reference. Check IEEE
Abbreviations for Transactions, Journals, Letters, and Magazines or the CAS Source Index (CASSI)
Search Tool to locate the correct abbreviation.
For example, the official title abbreviation for the International Journal of Advanced Materials Research,
as cross-checked in CAS Source Index (CASSI) Search Tool, is Int. J. Adv. Mater. Res.
Other examples include:
 Advances in Optical and Photonic Devices = Adv. Opt. Photonic Devices.
 Chemistry in Microelectronics = Chem. Microelectron.
If you cannot locate the journal title in either of these databases, you can spell out the name of the
journal title in full.
Journal article with single author

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Journal, vol. (volume number), no.
(issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article, abbrev. Month (if available). Year.
[11] D. Ibrahim, “Development of a low-cost educational liquid-level sensor circuit,” International

Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 168-181, 2015.
Journal article with two to six authors

List all of the authors (up to six), separating the last two names with ‘and’.
[12] A. A. P. Biscaro, R. A. F. Pereira, M. Kezunovic, and J. R. S. Mantovani, “Integrated fault location

and power-quality analysis in electric power distribution systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol.
31, no. 2, pp. 428-436, Apr. 2016.
Journal article with more than six authors

If there are more than six authors listed, use et al. (in italics) after the first author’s family name.
[13] C. Y. Chun et al., “Current sensor-less state-of-charge estimation algorithm for lithium-ion
batteries utilizing filtered terminal voltage,” J. Power Sources, vol. 273, pp. 255-263, Jan. 2015.
Document1
Page 8 of 15
E-journal article with a DOI
(issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article, abbrev. Month (if available). Year. Accessed on:
abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. DOI
[14] S. Shao, J. Bi, F. Yang, and W. Guan, “On-line estimation of state-of-charge of Li-ion batteries in
electric vehicle using the resampling particle filter,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport
and Environment, vol. 32, pp. 207-217, Oct. 2014. Accessed on: May 24, 2017. [Online]. doi:
10.1016/j.trd.2014.07.013
E-journal article from a library database

abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: database homepage URL
[15] J. Blau, “Big demand for big data scientists in Europe,” Research Technology Management, vol.
58, no. 3, pp. 3-6, May/June 2015. Accessed on: May 26, 2017. [Online]. Available:
http://ebscohost.com
E-journal article from the internet
(issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article (if available), abbrev. Month (if available). Year.
[16] C. Song and S. W. Tan, “A perspective on the rise of optofluidics and the future,” Micromachines,
vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1-17, May 2017. Accessed on: June 3, 2017. [Online]. Available:
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/8/5/152
Magazines
Magazine article, print

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Magazine, vol. (volume number), no.
(issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article, abbrev. Month (if available). Year.
[17] K. A. Burke, “High energy density regenerative fuel cells systems for terrestrial applications,” IEEE
Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag., vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 23-34, Dec. 1999.
Document1
Page 9 of 15
Magazine article, online
Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Magazine, vol. (volume number), no.
abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: name of database
[18] F. Rothganger, “Special report: can we copy the brain? The dawn of the real thinking machine,”
IEEE Spectr., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 22-25, May 2017. Accessed on: June 2, 2017. [Online]. Available:
IEEE database
Conferences
Conference paper, published in proceedings

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of paper," in abbrev. Title of Proceedings, Place of Publication,
Year (only if not already stated in title), pp. first and last pages of paper.
[19] B. Lin, X. Tang, and X. Huang, "Research on fiber optic gyroscope adaptive filtering algorithm
based on FPGA," in Proc. 2015 Int. Conf. Computational Intelligence and Communication
Networks (CICN), Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 1354-1357.
Conference paper, presented (not published in proceedings)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of paper, presented at the abbrev. Title and Year of Conference.
[Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file
[20] X. Yang, NIRA: A new internet routing architecture, presented at the ACM SIGCOMM FDNA 2003
Workshop. [Online]. Available: http://www.isi.edu/newarch/DOCUMENTS/yang.nira.pdf
Reports
Report, print (individual author)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of report," Publisher, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State
(if applicable), Country, Report Number/Type (if available), abbrev. Month. (Day if available), Year of
Publication.
[21] M. L. James, “A history of Australia’s space involvement,” ANU, Canberra, Australia, Working
Paper 241, Nov. 1991.
Report, print (corporate author)

Organisation/company name, "Title of report," Publisher, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if
applicable), Country, Report Number (if available), abbrev. Month. (Day if available), Year of Publication.
[22] NASA, “Space flight: the first 30 years,” NASA, Washington, DC, USA, Rep. 1, 1991.
Document1
Page 10 of 15
Report, online (individual author)
(if applicable), Country, Report Number (if not in title), abbrev. Month. Day, Year of Publication.
[23] A. A. Catellier and S. D. Voran, “NTIA technical report TR-17-522: intelligibility of selected speech
codecs in frame-erasure conditions,” NTIA, Washington, DC, USA, May 5, 2016. Accessed on: Apr.
30, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/publications/3165.aspx
Report, online (corporate author)

(if applicable), Country, Report Number, abbrev. Month. (Day if available), Year of Publication. Accessed
on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: name of database
[24] P. Windle, “Engineering consulting in Australia,” IBISWorld, Melbourne, Australia, Rep. no.
M6923, Feb. 2017. Accessed on: June 15, 2017. [Online]. Available: IBISWorld database
Webpages
Webpage, (individual author)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of Webpage, abbrev. Month. Day, Year of Publication. Accessed
on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file
[25] T. Fleischman, Stabilizing Molecule Could Pave Way for Lithium-air Fuel Cell, Apr. 25, 2017.
Accessed on: Apr. 30, 2017. [Online]. Available:
http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2017/04/stabilizing-molecule-could-pave-way-lithium-air-
fuel-cell
Webpage, (corporate author)

Organisation/company name, Title of Webpage, abbrev. Month. Day, Year of Publication. Accessed on:
abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file
[26] Energy Networks Australia, Judicial Review of Energy Network Regulatory Decisions, May 30,
2017. Accessed on: June 1, 2017. [Online]. Available:
http://www.energynetworks.com.au/news/blog/judicial-review-energy-network-regulatory-
decisions
Document1
Page 11 of 15
Audiovisual media
DVD
Producer(s) name, Title of DVD, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country:
Production Company, Year of Production. [Type of medium].
Note: If no Producer(s) are stated, use Director(s) instead.
[27] R. Rees and C. Leslie, Nanotechnology: An Introduction, Bendigo, Australia: Rees Films, 2007.
[DVD].
Streaming video
Production company, Title of Video, Year of Production. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type
of medium]. Available: name of database
[28] KNH Productions, N is for Nanotechnology, 2006. Accessed on: May 12, 2017. [Streaming video].
Available: Kanopy Streaming database
Video tutorial
Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of Video Tutorial, abbrev. Month. Day, Year of Production.
Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: name of database
[29] S. Allardice, Reviewing Software Development Methodologies, May 22, 2012. Accessed on: June
2, 2017. [Streaming video]. Available: Lynda.com database
Audio podcast
Presenter(s) initials. Family name(s), “Title of podcast,” Title of Show, abbrev. Month. Day, Year of
Production. Place of Production City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country: Producer. Accessed on:
[30] A. Schiffrin, “Materials go nano,” Science Extra, Jan. 8, 2017. Sydney, Australia: ABC Radio
National. Accessed on: May 12, 2017. [Podcast]. Available:
http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/scienceextra/materials-go-nano/8117286
Video podcast
Presenter(s) initials. Family name(s), “Title of podcast,” Title of Show, abbrev. Month. Day, Year of
Production. Place of Production City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country: Producer. Accessed on:
[31] P. Dhopade, S. Ober-Blobaum, E. Stride, A. Castro-Castellon, and E. Watson, “Women in

engineering,” Women in Science, Aug. 1, 2016. Oxford, United Kingdom: University of Oxford.
Accessed on: May 12, 2017. [Vodcast]. Available: https://www.podcasts.ox.ac.uk/women-
engineering
Document1
Page 12 of 15
Other sources
Blog
Author(s) initials. Family name(s), “Title of blog post,” Title of Blog, abbrev. Month. Day, Year of
Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file
[32] V. Pterneas, “Kinect for windows version 2: body tracking,” Vangos Pterneas, Mar. 13, 2014.
Accessed on: June 2, 2017. [Blog]. Available: http://pterneas.com/2014/03/13kinect-for-
windows-version-2-body-tracking/
Dataset
Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of dataset, vol. (volume number), Place of Publication City,
abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country: Publisher, Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month.
Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file
[33] Y. Ren et al., Microstructures of cold-sprayed titanium before and after heat treatment, vol. 7,
Melbourne, Australia: CSIRO Data Collection, 2017. Accessed on: May 5, 2017. [Online].
Available: http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5913e0247881b
Figures and tables

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), “Title of figure/table,” abbrev. Title of Publication, vol. (volume
number), no. (issue number), p. or pp. page(s) of figure, abbrev. Month. Year of Publication.
[34] Y. Karatas and F. Ince, “Fuzzy system with two inputs and one output,” IEEE Aerosp. Electron.
Syst. Mag., vol. 31, no. 5, p. 32, May 2016.
Patents (print)
Author(s) initials. Family name(s), “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent Number, abbrev. Month Day, Year.
[35] K. L. Schierbeek and K. Schofield, "Vehicle compass with electronic sensor," United States Patent
5255442 A, Oct. 26, 1993.
Patents (online)
Invention name, by inventor(s) initial(s). Family name(s). (Year, abbrev. Month. Day). Patent Number.
Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: database name
[36] Multinode Temperature Sensor, by K. Deby. (2016, Dec. 13). Patent 2016102110. Accessed on:
Mar. 29, 2017. [Online]. Available: AustPat database
Document1
Page 13 of 15
Personal communication
Author(s) initials. Family name(s), private communication, abbrev. Month. Year.
[37] L. Nguyen, private communication, Aug. 2016.
Standard
Title of Standard, Standard Number, Year.
[38] IEEE Standard for Spectrum Sensing Interfaces and Data Structures for Dynamic Spectrum Access
and Other Advanced Radio Communication Systems, IEEE Standard 1900.6, 2011.
Thesis
Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of thesis," Type of thesis (Ph.D. dissertation or M.S. thesis),
abbrev. Department, abbrev. University, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable),
Country, Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available:
site/path/file
[39] M. Al-Saidi, “A model formulation approach for system support engineering,” Ph.D. dissertation,
Aero., Mech. and Manuf. Eng., RMIT Univ., Melbourne, Australia, 2014. Accessed on: June 15,
2017. [Online]. Available: http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/eserv/rmit:161152/Al_Saidi.pdf
Document1
Page 14 of 15
Example of a reference list
Reference List
[1] J. L. Blackburn, Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, 4th ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC
Press, 2014.
[2] H. F. Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 7th ed. New York, NY, USA: W. H. Freeman and Co.,
2012.
[3] A. A. P. Biscaro, R. A. F. Pereira, M. Kezunovic, and J. R. S. Mantovani, “Integrated fault location
and power-quality analysis in electric power distribution systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol.
31, no. 2, pp. 428-436, Apr. 2016.
[4] S. Shao, J. Bi, F. Yang, and W. Guan, “On-line estimation of state-of-charge of Li-ion batteries in
electric vehicle using the resampling particle filter,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport
and Environment, vol. 32, pp. 207-217, Oct. 2014. Accessed on: May 24, 2017. [Online]. doi:
10.1016/j.trd.2014.07.013
[5] K. A. Burke, “High energy density regenerative fuel cells systems for terrestrial applications,” IEEE
Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag., vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 23-34, Dec. 1999.
[6] B. Lin, X. Tang, and X. Huang, "Research on fiber optic gyroscope adaptive filtering algorithm
based on FPGA," in Proc. 2015 Int. Conf. Computational Intelligence and Communication
Networks (CICN), Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 1354-1357.
[7] P. Windle, “Engineering consulting in Australia,” IBISWorld, Melbourne, Australia, Rep. no.
M6923, Feb. 2017. Accessed on June 15, 2017. [Online]. Available: IBISWorld database
[8] Energy Networks Australia, Judicial Review of Energy Network Regulatory Decisions, May 30,
2017. Accessed on: June 1, 2017. [Online]. Available:
http://www.energynetworks.com.au/news/blog/judicial-review-energy-network-regulatory-
decisions
[9] KNH Productions, N is for Nanotechnology, 2006. Accessed on: May 12, 2017. [Streaming video].
Available: Kanopy Streaming database
[10] Y. Ren et al., Microstructures of cold-sprayed titanium before and after heat treatment, vol. 7,
Melbourne, Australia: CSIRO Data Collection, 2017. Accessed on: May 5, 2017. [Online].
Available: http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5913e0247881b
[11] Multinode Temperature Sensor, by K. Deby. (2016, Dec. 13). Patent 2016102110. Accessed on:
Mar. 29, 2017. [Online]. Available: AustPat database
[12] IEEE Standard for Spectrum Sensing Interfaces and Data Structures for Dynamic Spectrum Access
and Other Advanced Radio Communication Systems, IEEE Standard 1900.6, 2011.
[13] M. Al-Saidi, “A model formulation approach for system support engineering,” Ph.D. dissertation,
Aero., Mech. and Manuf. Eng., RMIT Univ., Melbourne, Australia, 2014. Accessed on: June 15,
2017. [Online]. Available: http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/eserv/rmit:161152/Al_Saidi.pdf
Document1
Page 15 of 15

IEEE Reference

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

IEEE Reference

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

IEEE REFERENCING EXAMPLES

RMIT University Library

Important: This is a guide only. To avoid losing marks:

Citation at the beginning

Benson [1] states that thermal performance . . .

Citation in the middle

Citation at the end

In his research on software thermal management, Benson [1] claims that . . .

Including page numbers in a paraphrase citation

Blackburn [1] states that . . .

Two or three authors

Four or more authors

Citing the same reference multiple times

It is suggested by [6]–[9] that . . .

Specific objectives [4–7] indicate that . . .

. . . as suggested in [7, Sec. 12]

. . . as argued in [3, Ch. 11, para. 19]

THE REFERENCE LIST

Journal title abbreviations

Common IEEE abbreviations and acronyms

Book with single author

Book with two to six authors

Book with more than six authors

Book with an edition number

[6] L. Y. Kupriyanov, Semiconductor Sensors in Physico-Chemical Studies Translated from Russian by

Book chapter (in an edited book)

E-book from a database (without DOI)

E-book from a database (with DOI)

Journal article with single author

[11] D. Ibrahim, “Development of a low-cost educational liquid-level sensor circuit,” International

Journal article with two to six authors

[12] A. A. P. Biscaro, R. A. F. Pereira, M. Kezunovic, and J. R. S. Mantovani, “Integrated fault location

Journal article with more than six authors

E-journal article from a library database

E-journal article from the internet

Magazine article, print

Conference paper, published in proceedings

Conference paper, presented (not published in proceedings)

Report, print (individual author)

Report, print (corporate author)

Report, online (corporate author)

Webpage, (individual author)

Webpage, (corporate author)

[31] P. Dhopade, S. Ober-Blobaum, E. Stride, A. Castro-Castellon, and E. Watson, “Women in

Figures and tables

[37] L. Nguyen, private communication, Aug. 2016.

Anda mungkin juga menyukai