A Seminar Report

On

“RAILWAY ENGINEERING
( VARIOUS JOINTS IN RAILS )”
By
Mr. Pravin Ramrao Dahihande

Guided by

Prof.R.C.Katdare

Department of Civil Engineering

Dr. D. Y. Patil School of Engineering , Pune

[2018-2019]
 Dr. D. Y. Patil School of Engineering , Pune

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Pravin Ramrao Dahihande, has successfully

completed the Seminar work entitled “RAILWAY
ENGINEERING(VRIOUS JOINTS IN RAILWAYS)” under my
supervision, in the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Engineering- (T.E. Civil
Engineering), by Savitribai Phule Pune University.

Date:

Place: Pune

Prof. R.C.Katdare Prof.S.M.Karodapati

(Guide) (H.O.D. Civil, DYPSOE)

External Examiner Seal Principal

(Dr.DYPSOE,Pune)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Apart from these efforts of me, the success of any seminar depends largely
on the encouragement and guidance of many others. I take this opportunity
to express my gratitude to people who have been instrumental in the
successful completion of the T.E. Seminar.

I would like to take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude

towards my guide Prof. R.C.Katdare, for his expert guidance, support and
encouragement throughout the work.

I would like to thank Prof. S.M.Karodapati (H.O.D. Civil Engineering

Department) for their constant support and providing me with all possible
facilities in the department. I admire their thoughtfulness towards students
and extremely thankful for the same.

I would also like to thank all staff members of Civil Engineering Department
& my friends who directly or indirectly helped me in successful completion
of this Seminar.

Pravin R. Dahihande

TE Civill Engineering

(Roll No. 14)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Title Page

1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction of railway Engineering(various joints

in rails)
1.2 Necessity of study
1.3 Aims and objectives

2. Literature Review

3. Various types of Rail Joint

4. Maintenance of Rail Joint

5. Manufaturing of Rail Joint

6 Case study

7 Conclusion

8 References
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction of railway Engineering

Railway engineering is a multi-faceted engineering discipline dealing with the design,
construction and operation of all types of rail transport systems. It encompasses a wide
range of engineering disciplines, including civil engineering, computer engineering,
electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering and production
engineering. A great many other engineering sub-disciplines are also called upon.
Rail transport is a means of transferring of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles
running on rails, also known as tracks. It is also commonly referred to as train transport.

Railways are a safe land transport system when compared to other forms of transport.
Railway transport is capable of high levels of passenger and cargo utilization and energy
efficiency, but is often less flexible and more capital-intensive than road transport, when
lower traffic levels are considered.
  Introduction of Rails and Rail joints
Rail transport is where a train runs along a set of two parallel steel rails, known as a
railway or railroad. The rails are anchored perpendicular to ties(or sleepers) of timber,
concrete or steel, to maintain a consistent distance apart, or gauge. The rail sand
perpendicular beams are placed on a foundation made of concrete, or compressed earth
and gravel in a bed of ballast.

Rail joints are widely used to connect two rails together and ensure the trains
passing through safety in orbit. According to the position of the sleeper, rail joints
can be classified into three types: supported joints, suspended joints and bridge
joints.
1.2 Necessity of the Study:
The purpose of the rail joint are to hold the two ends of the rail in place and act as a bridge
between rail ends. Joint is made up of two bars or more commonly called angled bars. Joint
bars prevent lateral or vertical movement of the rail ends and permit the longitudinal
movement of the rails for expanding or contracting.

1.4 Aims and Objectives

 It should be strong, stiff and give same strength as that of the original rail section.
 Under lateral and varying load, it should maintain the gauge distance of track.
 To absorb shocks and vibrations produced due to movement of train, it should be
elastic both laterally and vertically.
 It should facilitate easy removal and replacement of rails without disturbing the
whole track.
 It should be capable of maintaining the two rails at the same level.
 CHAPTER - 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 M. Dhanasekar.et.al(2013).
Insulated rail joints (IRJs) are a crucial part of the Australian rail network for
identifying trains within a track circuit and the presence of broken rails.
Improvement in the design, installation and maintenance of IRJs is important for the
capacity and safety of the network. IRJs are manufactured in factories in a thermal process
in order to wrap the insulation materials around the surfaces of all metallic components to
ensure electrical isolation of each component. Insulated rail joints are shown to exhibit
low mean (341MGT), high variable (30% CoV) service life.

2.2 N.K.Mandal.et.al(2010).
Two main types of rail joints are employed in modern railway track: continuous welded
rails (CWRs) and insulated rail joints (IRJs). There are two critical requirements; one is
geometric and other one ismechanical in nature. One of the most basic geometric
requirements for railway tracks is the need for asmooth running track by lining up the rail
ends horizontally and vertically.
Prior to about 1970, rails were bolted together by using two joint bars, one on each side of
the web with 4 or 6 bolts through the rail track as a geometric requirement. Today though,
most rail sections are welded together except in tight curves and other places that require
the easy regular rail replacement facilitated by joint bars.

2.3 M. Oregui1·M. Molodova1·A. N´u˜nez1·R. Dollevoet1·Z. Li1

Insulated Rail Joints (IRJs) are railway track components where impact and high dynamic
wheel-rail contact forces occur due to the rail discontinuity, see an example of an IRJ in
Fig. 1. The frequent high impacts reduce up to five times the service life of IRJs with
respect to continuously welded rails [1]. Although other methods to connect rails are more
economical to maintain, IRJs are still needed because they are a fundamental component
of non-GPS-based train positioning systems.
 CHAPTER 3
VARIOUS TYPES OF RAIL JOINTS

There are various types of joint-

1) Glued Insulated Rail Joint
2) Compromise Rail Joint
3) Common Rail Joint
4) Insulated Rail Joint
5) Bulge Rail Join
 3.1 Common Rail Joint

 Common rail joint is with regular shape, 4 holes or 6 holes, and it is most
commonly used in railway track.
 common rail joint is suiting for all types of rails.
3.2 Compromise Rail joint-

 Compromise joint bar is used for connecting two different rail sections, it can
connect them exactly and make the whole track flat and smooth.
 The compromise rail joints we produce use high strength steel and made by
advanced precise machine, it has precise specification and fit the rails exactly.
 A compromise is composed of two bars: gauge side joint bar and outside joint
bar.
3.3 Bulge(joggled) Rail Joint-

 Bulge rail joint, also called as joggled rail joint.

 A bulge section in the middle of the joint bar, and it can fasten the steel rails
tightly.
 Bulge rail joint is usually used in broken welded rails or temporary repair of
cracked welded rail joint with an emergency clamp.
 It can suit for various rail sections and enable quick and temporary repair.
.4 Insulated Rail Joint-

 Insulated rail joint are usually used for electrical resistance in railway track.

 It contains insulation materials wrapped or bolted around contacting surface the

rail track which can control signaling and broken rail identification systems.

 The end post of Insulated rail joint can be classified into two types: inserted end
post and glued end post
3.5 Glued Insulated Rail Joint-
 Glued insulated rail joints are used in long welded rails for insulation.

 The glued surface can provide mechanical strength for the extension and compression
of the rails because of the pressure from the vehicles.

 Glued insulated rail joint is easy to install with minimum number of the installing
components.
  OTHER TYPES OF RAIL JOINT

Unit
Model Material Standard Surface Treatment Export destination
weight

SJ50 rail joint 50# 11.59kg/pc Plain

SJ43 Rail Joint 50# 10.16kg/pc Plain

TJ57 Rail Joint 45# 17.36kg/pc Plain Brazil

Plain, or according to the

S30 Rail Joint 50# 5.8kg/pc
customers’ demand

CR135 Rail Joint

ASTM- Plain,
(used in CR135 50# India
43 or Hot-dip galvanized
Crane Rail)

CR171 Rail Joint

ASTM- Plain,
(used in CR171 50# 16.0kg/pc India
43 or Hot-dip galvanized
Crane Rail)

S49 Forged Albania,

Q345 UIC49 8.60kg/pc Sandblasted +oiled
Rail Joint Yugoslavia

S60 Forged Albania,

Q345 UIC60 14.50kg/pc Sandblasted +oiled
Rail Joint Yugoslavia
 CHAPTER 4
Maintenance Of Rail Joint
Rail joint is a kind of useful accessory widely used in fastening the rails together.
While the wheel friction and impact force to the fish plate is very large, therefore,
the joint bar may be damaged greatly. It is necessary to maintenance the rail joint to
ensure the safety of rail track and the vehicles.

 Choose matching fish bolt and improve the usability performance of rail joint and
fish bolt.

 When installing the fish bolt, twist the tight with torque wrench In accordance
with the standard.

 When the trains running for more than 12000km, the fish plate need a second level
maintenance.

 Each time maintenance the rail joint, remember to remove engine oil pan and
check the using situation of engine bearings, if the gap is too large, replace the rail
joint immediately and replace the fish bolt as well.

 If the trains can’t move steadily or there is some abnormal sound, check the rail
joint immediately.
 CHAPTER 5
MANUFATURING OF RAIL JOINT PRODUCT

 As a professional rail joint manufacturer and supplier, Anyang General

International Co., Ltd has been devoted in producing rail fasteners and rail joints
since 1958, and our products has been exported to more than 30 countries and
areas in South America, Africa, Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East areas.

 AGICO provides different rail joints such as African standard, South American
standard, and different types such as common rail joint, compromise rail joint,
bulge rail joint, insulated rail joint and glued insulated rail joint, etc.

 products have been exported to more than 30 countries and areas and more than 50
types of rail joints of standard and nonstandard are available for global customers.
 ADVANTAGE

1) Rail joint should hold the two ends of the rails as nearly as possible.

2) Rail joint should provide space for the expansion and contraction of rails.

3) Rail joint should hold the two ends of rails at the same level and in the same straight line.

4) Rail joint should be absorbed the shocks and vibration of locomotives.

5) Under lateral and varying load, it should maintain the gauge distance of track.

6) It should be strong, stiff and give same strength as that of the original rail section.
CHAPTER 6

CASE STUDY
CHAPER 7
CONCLUSION
 CHAPTER 8
REFERENCES
[1] A.D. Kerr, J.E. Cox, Analysis and tests of bonded insulated rail joints
subjected to vertical wheel loads, International Journal of
Mechanical Sciences 41 (1999) 1253-1272.
[2] Z. Wen, X. Jin, W. Zhang, Contact-impact stress analysis of rail joint region
using the dynamic finite element method, Wear
258 (2005) 1301-1309.
Nirmal Kumar Mandal et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and
Technology ISSN: 0975-5462 3987 Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3964-3988
[3] D. D. Davis, M. Akhtar, Ed. Kohake and K. Horiszny, Effects of heavy axle
load on bonded insulated joint performance, Proc.
of the American Railway Engineering and maintenance-of-the-way Association
Annual Conference, (2005a).
[4] Y.C. Chen, The effect of proximity of a rail end in elastic-plastic contact
between a wheel and a rail, Proceedings of the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers 217. Part F: J. Rail and Rapid Transit. (2003)
189-201.
[5] D. D. Davis and M Akhtar Improving the performance of bonded insulated
joints, Railway Track & Structures, (2005b) 14-17.
[6] RAILCRC Project 75: Development of Novel Insulated Joints.
http://www.railcrc.cqu.edu.au/research/projects/75.html. (2003).
[7] N. K. Mandal and B Peach, 3D stress analysis of insulated rail joints, 9th
International Heavy Haul Conference, Shangshi, China,
(2009), pp. 237-245.
[8] T. Pang Studies on Wheel/Rail Contact – Impact Forces at Insulated Rail
Joints, Master of Engineering Thesis, Centre for
Railway Engineering, Central Queensland University, Australia. (2007).
[9] AS 1085 Railway Track Materials, Standards Australia, (2002).
[10] RAILFOTO Insulated Rail Fishplate Joint, viewed August 2006,
http://railfoto.fotopic.net/p15613474.html,