Loads:
partitions, M/E,misc
ƒpu=1860 N/mm2
h=(9.14m)(100)/45
=20.3cm
Take t=22cm preliminary slab thickness
2) Shrinkage:
0.0002
Ɛsh =
log10(t+2)
0.0002
= = 1.35×10-4
log10(28+2)
SH =Ɛsh × Es
=(1.35×10-4)(2×105)=27MPa
27
SH% = × 100 = 1.45%
1860
3)Relaxation=2.5%
4) anchorage slip:
∆ = 0.2 in
∆𝑙
∆𝑓𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑝 = 𝐸𝑠
𝑙
5.08
= × 2 × 105
25.6×1000
=40 MPa
40
Anchorage slip%= × 100 = 2.15%
1860
5) creep losses:
𝐶𝑅 = 𝜃𝑛(𝑓𝑐𝑖𝑟 − 𝑓𝑐𝑑𝑠 )
𝐹° 𝐹° × 𝑒 2 𝑀𝐺 × 𝑒
𝑓𝑐𝑖𝑟 =− − +
𝐴𝐺 𝐼 𝐼
𝑏ℎ3 7.62×0.223
𝐼= = = 6.76 × 10−3 𝑚4
12 12
AG =bh =7.62×0.22=1.6764 𝑚2
𝑃° = 𝐴 × 𝑓𝑝𝑢
22 1.27
e= − 2.5 − =7.87cm
2 2
Wd=ɤ×t
Wd =24×0.22=5.28KN/m2
Wd=5.28×7.62=40.23KN/m
Wcds=1.2×7.62=9.14KN/m
max. moment due to superimpose dead load =63.152 KN.m
𝐸𝑠
n=
𝐸𝑐
2×105
= = 7.2
4700√35
25.57
CR%= × 100 =1.37%
1860
6) friction losses:
P=PO ×e-(µα+KL)
Segments cumulative Wobble Curvature Length uα+kL Exp(-uα-kL) stress@
angle coefficient coefficient end of segment
α K, per m µ m
1-2 0.046 0.00984 0.05 3.365 0.0354116 0.965208055 0.965208055PO
2-3 0.065 0.00984 0.05 4.865 0.0511216 0.950163124 0.9171051 PO
3-4 0.069 0.00984 0.05 4.57 0.0484188 0.952734698 0.873757851 PO
4-5 0.069 0.00984 0.05 4.57 0.0484188 0.952734698 0.832459423 PO
5-6 0.065 0.00984 0.05 4.865 0.0511216 0.950163124 0.790972245 PO
6-7 0.046 0.00984 0.05 3.365 0.0354116 0.965208055 0.763452782 PO
Total losses=ES+SH+RE+ANC+CR+FR
S=bh2/6=7.62x 0.222/6=0.0615m3
𝑓′𝑐 = 35MPa
60%-80% of DL (self weight) for slabs (good approximation for hand calculation)
Parabolic shape;
For a layout with spans of similar length, the tendons will be typically be located at the
highest allowable point at the interior columns, the lowest possible point at the mid spans,
and the neutral axis at the anchor locations. This provides the maximum drape for load-
balancing.
aINT = 18.865-3.135=15.73cm
(11+18.865)
aEND = − 3.135=11.798cm
2
eccentricity, e, is the distance from the center to tendon to the neutral axis; varies along the
span
Since the spans are of similar length, the end span will typically govern the maximum
required post-tensioning force. This is due to the significantly reduced tendon drape, aEND.
(30.18)(8.23)2
= = 2165.8𝐾𝑁
8×(11.798/100)
Use 21 tendons
𝑤𝑏 32
= × 100 = 79.5% This value is less than 100%; acceptable for this design.
𝑤𝐷𝐿 5.28×7.62
Separately calculate the maximum positive and negative moments in the frame for the dead,
live, and balancing loads. A combination of these values will determine the slab stresses at
the time of stressing and at service loads.
Dead Load Moments
WDL=9.14+40.23=49.4KN/m
WLL=(3)(7.62)=22.86KN/m
Total Balancing moment
The final slab service moment, at the column centerline are as follows
MDL − Mbal P
𝑓bot = −
S A
Support Stresses
(𝑀𝐷𝐿 − 𝑀𝑏𝑎𝑙 ) 𝑃
𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = −
𝑆 𝐴
(−𝑀𝐷𝐿 + 𝑀𝑏𝑎𝑙 ) 𝑃
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = −
𝑆 𝐴
Transfer stresses Exterior Exterior First Interior Center
column Mid span column Mid span
MDL+MBAL (KN.m) -92.986 +56.407 -131.1286 67.127
M/S (Mpa) +/- 1.5 +/-0.92 +/-2.13 +/-1.09
P/A (Mpa) -1.27 -1.27 -1.27 -1.27
𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 (Mpa) +0.23 -2.19 +0.86 -2.36
𝑓bot (Mpa) -2.77 -0.35 -3.4 -0.18
From the above table, the maximum tension and compression values are in the shaded boxes
(+0.86 Mpa and -3.4Mpa, respectively), and we can see these stresses are well below the
allowable values and therefore the stresses at transfer are acceptable.
Stage 2: Stresses at service load (DL + LL + PT) ACI (18.3.3) and ACI (18.4.2)
From the above table, the maximum tension and compression values are in the shaded
boxes (+3.43 MPa and -5.97 MPa, respectively), and we can see these stresses are well
below the allowable values and therefore the stresses at service loads are acceptable.
The primary post-tensioning moments, M1, vary along the length of the span.
M1 = P × e
Msec = Mbal - M1
1.13
= × 220
(1.13+3.67)
=51.79mm
𝑀𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿
Nc = × 0.5 × 𝑦 × 𝑙2
𝑆
(174.531+80.765)×1000
= × 0.5 × 51.79 × 7620
0.0615×109
=819.12KN
𝑁𝐶 819.12×1000
As = = = 3957mm2
0.5𝑓𝑦 0.5×414
Distribute the positive moment reinforcement uniformly across the slab-beam width and as
close as practicable to the extreme tension fiber.
6805.12
As, min =
7.62
In negative moment areas (tension in the top of the slab), the minimum area of bonded