ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME --- JANUARY

TOPIC : SUN / ENERGY.

ASSEMBLY:

January 13th.Lohri

(We propagate not burning wood. Reason being emission of carbon dioxide and other green house
gases. Thousands of pyres are being burnt for festivities---our mission is to reduce global warming
January 26th Republic Day

People indulge in Kite flying during this time, and also during Sankranti. The present day Manjas are
smeared with glass for better competition amongst the fliers. This is taking a toll on innocent birds. And
humans Hence our Campaign on “Kite Flying with Safe Manjas”.

The kite festival of Uttarayan (Makar Sankranti) is regarded as one of the biggest
festivals celebrated in western part of India. It marks the transition of the sun into the
zodiacal sign of Makara (Capricorn) on its celestial path. The day is also believed to mark
the arrival of spring in India. The tradition of kite flying is believed to have started
amongst the kings and royalties, however over the years, it became a popular sport and
began to reach the common mass. Kite flying during Uttarayan is now celebrated as a
regional event.
Kites flown these days are known to use a strong special string which is made by applying
glass powder on it (known as Manjha) to provide it a cutting edge. This practice of using
an abrasive thread for kite fighting has posed a great threat to species including birds,
fruit-bats, macaques and even humans. The impact on birds however is much larger. Birds
when in flight, fail to notice the fine glass-coated thread, get entangled and injured even
causing fractures, mutilation of wings and nerve injuries. At times, the minute glass
pieces used in manjha get embedded in their bodies adding to the misery and eventual
death. Additionally, these strings unlike their cotton counterpart do not lose its strength
even after getting wet and hence stays for a long time in the environment, creating
potential threat for the birds both local and migratory. With more kites competing for
space with birds, the number of injuries has risen over the years .

Dear Educators...As you have witnessed, we started the curriculum with Earth,
Soil, Water, and Air. .. In January, we start the session with Sun and then take it
towards Energy. How Sun energy is passed on to other species, History of Energy
through ages,, Types of Energy, Renewable and Non Renewable and to Solar
Energy, an area where India is emerging as a leader.
Below is some information for the educators—please go through it for a better
execution.

Please let the children learn NEW WORDS pertaining to their topic

Thanks)

INTRODUCTION-- WHAT IS ENERGY?

Energy gives us the ability to do things such as climb a mountain, play soccer, and even
think. And there are many types of energy--some is stored in our muscles and brain cells,
some is used to move around and play, while other types of energy are used to light a
street lamp, heat or cool our homes, cook our food, and power buses, planes and cars.

Energy causes movement.

Every time you see something move, energy is being used.

A leaf moving in the wind, a pot of boiling water, and a school bus traveling to school are
all evidence of energy being used.

You know that energy exists because you can see or feel what it does. Energy moves cars,
makes machines run, heats ovens, and lights our classrooms.

One form of energy can be changed into another form. When gasoline is burned in a school
bus engine, the energy stored in gasoline is changed into heat energy.

When we stand in the sun, light energy is changed into heat.

When you turn on a flashlight, chemical energy stored in the battery is changed into light
and heat.

To find energy, look for motion, heat, light, sound, chemical reactions, or electricity.

While there are two types of energy, renewable and nonrenewable, most of the
energy we use comes from burning nonrenewable fuels--coal, petroleum or oil, or
natural gas.

These supply the majority of our energy needs because we have designed ways to
transform their energy on a large scale to meet consumer needs.
Regardless of the energy source, the energy contained in them is changed into a more
useful form - electricity.

WHY DO WE MAKE ELECTRICITY?

We make electricity to provide energy for a lot of things.

It makes our everyday endeavors convenient and practical.

For example, it cools and warms our house, keeps food cool in the refrigerator so that
cereal tastes good with milk, operates the blow dryer that styles hair, and runs our
appliances etc.

HOW DO WE MAKE ELECTRICITY?

One of the fossil fuels (usually coal) is burnt in a power plant to heat water.

The hot water turns into steam and forces a machine called a turbine to turn.

The turbine powers a generator into electricity, which is sent through power lines to
provide energy for buildings of all types.

In summary, coal -hot water -steam -turbine -generator -electricity.

Electricity can also be made from windmills or from water behind a dam.

Falling water or rotating windmill blades will cause turbines to generate electricity.

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT NOT TO WASTE ENERGY?

In any energy conversion process, energy is not changed in quality.

You can observe this by standing near an idling school bus engine.

The engine gets very hot! Not all the chemical energy stored in the gasoline is converted
into mechanical energy that moves the bus. Some energy is changed into heat energy that
warms the air surrounding the engine. So, some of the energy stored in the gasoline is
wasted.

The quality of the original energy put into the process is not the same as the energy
released.
The amount of fossil fuels is limited (no new reserves of these ancient fuels is being
produced) and we will eventually run out of current supplies.

It is important to conserve (save) these resources.

while we experiment with the possibility of using renewable resources to meet our energy
needs. Scientists are looking for ways to meet our energy needs using renewable energy
sources.

In the meantime, it is important that citizens not waste energy in any form.

All of us need to be aware of things we can do to minimize the loss of energy.

If the energy is lost, we don't have it available to use when we need it.

WHAT HAPPENS WITH THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS.

Use of fossil fuels ,are the primary causes of environmental pollution including smog, acid
rain, and the Greenhouse effect.

Smog is formed when exhaust fumes of cars and buses mix with sunlight.

The resulting thick, brown haze can be seen over some cities on occasion in winter. It can
irritate eyes and lungs.

Acid rain is caused by the sulfur present in coal.

When coal is burned to generate electricity, the sulfur is changed into a gas that will
dissolve in water and falls on ground as rain or snow.

The acid formed in acid rain is like that in lemon juice or vinegar.

Acid rain can damage buildings and statues made of stone, trees, and food crops.

The greenhouse effect arises when too much carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels is
produced. Increased amounts cause a warming of the atmosphere surrounding the earth
much like that in a greenhouse.

Too much warming could alter earth's weather and cause the polar caps to melt resulting in
flooding of coastal cities.
Because our reserves of fossil fuels are dwindling, scientists are exploring other energy
sources. Energy sources of the future must be more plentiful, and less harmful to the
environment

WHAT ELSE CAN WE USE FOR ENERGY INSTEAD OF FOSSIL FUEL?

• Solar energy -using the sun

• Wind energy -using wind to turn a windmill

• Nuclear energy -splitting uranium atoms to create heat energy

• Geothermal energy -harnessing heat and steam generated below Earth's surface

• Waves and Tides -using the force of ocean waves and tides

• Biomass -producing fuels from living materials or decayed waste materials

Ways of Saving Energy:

Energy saved is energy gained for another day! Saving energy will cut down on pollution and
help our fossil fuels last longer, at least, until the renewable energy resources become
more practical.

Here are some energy saving tips that students should know:

• Turn off the radio and television when not in use.

• Turn off the lights when you are not using them. .

• Ride the bus instead to taking the car.

• Don't leave the refrigerator door open for a long time.. • Use a sweater to stay warm in
the winter instead of turning up the thermostat.

• Recycle your cans, glass bottles and plastic containers.

• Use a fluorescent bulb instead of an incandescent one.

• Pass the clothes you've outgrown to a brother or sister or to someone who needs them.

Dry clothes in the sun instead of the washing machine dryer.

A Brief History of Energy through the Ages:

The very first energy source was the sun providing heat and light during the day.

Later fire was discovered by a lightning strike, producing another source of heat
and light.

Thousands of years later we discovered that the wind could be harnessed and we
began to use sails on our boats for transportation. Later we began to use windmills
to turn water wheels for grinding grain

Throughout history, we have made lots of discoveries using energy. Before 1850,
wood was our main source of fuel for heating, cooking and producing steam for
powering steam engines for the railroads.

Natural gas was used as early as 500BC by the Chinese. They would find natural
gas leaking from the ground and use bamboo to pipe the gas for use in boiling sea
water to remove the salt.

From about 1850 to 1945, coal was the main fuel source. Wood was still an
important energy source for heating as well as natural gas for lighting, but water
and wind were used less.

For most of the 1900s, oil and natural gas were our main fuel sources.
Electricity was used more in the late 1900s.

From about 1945 to the present, nuclear and solar energy along with water
and wind have played a larger role in the production of energy.

Other alternative energy sources being used today are geothermal and biomass.

Power Source Energy comes from a power source. For example, we get heat and
light energy from the sun. The sun is an energy source.

There are many types of power sources. Most energy comes from fossil fuels
(coal, oil, gas) which were formed when ancient plants, and animals like the
dinosaurs, died hundreds of millions of years ago.

Sun as a Power Source …let’s take a look at the types of power sources that are
used:
Oil and Gas are pumped from wells deep in the ground and under the ocean. They
are then sent through pipelines to be refined or cleaned.

Wood and Coal is mined underground near the earth’s surface. Coal can also be
converted to a liquid or gas form.

Water Power (hydropower). As water flows downhill it is channeled to a turbine

or water wheel. The force of the flowing water turns the turbine or wheel, which
turns a generator to make the electricity.

Sun Power (solar energy) gives us heat and light energy.

Solar cells absorb the sunlight and special photovoltaic cells produce electricity
that can be used directly or stored in batteries for later use.

Nuclear Power is used to make electricity. Inside a reactor atoms from a fuel
called uranium are split by neutrons (nuclear fission). This energy is released as
heat which changes water into steam that turns turbine generators..
PRAVESH VATIKA : SOAK UP SUN:
(Experiencing SUN)

Circle Time:
1. Display pictures/photos of the Sun and stars.

2. Encourage the children to share their observations of what they see in the photos.

3. Ask the children: What is the Sun?

Discuss the fact that the Sun is actually a star, just like the stars we see at night. Stars are giant
balls of burning gas that make their own heat and light.

4. Continue the discussion by posing the question: Does the Sun look like the stars we see at
night? Why/why not? The Sun appears to be much bigger and brighter than the stars at night
because it is the closest star to the Earth.

5. Point out the Sun’s distance from the Earth. Although the Sun appears to be close, it’s
actually very far away. Pose the questions: Could we reach the Sun by ladder? By airplane?
If we wanted to reach the Sun, how could we do so?

6. Talk about traveling to nearby/far places. Explain to the children that it would take us a very
long time to reach the Sun. If we wanted to take a journey to the Sun right now, it would take
us over 20 years to reach our destination. How old will you be in 20 years

SONG:Show the children this video- Mr.Sun……

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcaKftXb1So

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFIv7s8Xceo

(Held outdoors)

1. Tell the children lets go out and SOAK UP SUN.

2. Start by asking what the sun does for us.

3. Explain that without the Sun, living things would not exist.

4. THE SUN GIVES HEAT, LIGHT, ENERGY.

Activity: Have children stretch their arms as wide as they can.

Tell students that the Sun's arms are called rays and when the Sun stretches its arms,
which are very hot, the object it touches or comes close to becomes very hot.
 Explain that the rays are made of light which we can see and feel in the day; but at night,
the Sun becomes invisible.
(Tell them never to look directly into it because it could harm their eyes.)

UPVAN: SUN LIGHT – Energy from Sun

SONG : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aa2Aw5dbS7I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9NE-9ub7qU
Students will identify ways in which the sun's energy comes to them.
ACTIVITY:
MATERIALS (per student): Scissors, glue, markers, yellow chart paper
“Circle" cut-out, yellow chart paper "Sunbeams" cut-out, 1- hole punch, string.
NOTE:
1.You may need to cut out sunbeams and suns ahead of time.
2. Write or draw a picture of the sun on the board. Write the word "Energy" in it and ask:
What kinds of energy do we get from the sun?
3. Write their responses on the board. It's important to accept all reasonable examples of energy
The idea is for children to see that the sun is the primary source for a lot of different things
(i.e., food, wood, coal, oil, gas, light, plants, trees, heat, wind.)
CREATE
4. Cut out the sun circle. Write the word "Energy" on the sun. You can also have students design
their own suns.
5. Cut out 7-8 "sunbeams" from the second sheet of chart paper.
6. Write an energy word (from the board) on separate beams with a marker.
7. Glue the beams to the circle.
8. Punch a tiny hole in the sun, insert a piece of string, and hang it from the ceiling or attach the
sun to a bulletin board. EXPLAIN AND TAKE ACTION
9. Have students share their "mobile" with others in the class. Look for unique or common
examples of energy from the sun.
10. Ask children how their energy examples would be different if we had no sun or two suns or a
sun that was closer or farther away.

 Animal Shadows (Best done during summer months)

 Students will learn about the Sun's energy while creating Sun animal pictures they are sure to
love.
1. Have children draw their favorite animal on a piece of heavy card stock paper and cut it out.
2. When all the children have finished their animals take them outside and place them on black
construction paper.
3. Place rocks on top of the animals to make sure they don't blow away.
4. Leave in the Sun for a day or two.
5. The solar energy will fade the paper leaving beautiful animal shadows.
6. Display them around the room. Explain that the Sun's UV rays are so strong that they faded
the paper.
7. The animals were protecting the paper from the Sun.
We must also protect ourselves by wearing sun block lotion in order to avoid sunburn. The sun
block lotion protects us like the animal shape protected the paper.

(OPTIONAL)Solar Surprise
Ask children if they think some colors get hotter than other colors? If they answer yes, ask them which
colors get hotter and why. Tell them they are going to do a science experiment to find out the answer and
they will also find a solar surprise that is left behind after their ice blocks are melted.
Materials:
Empty, clean milk cartons
Food coloring
Small toys
Water

The Sun
What to do:
 The teacher will give each child a milk carton.
 The students will fill their milk carton with water and put a few drops of food coloring in the water
(their choice).
 The teacher will leave one without food coloring, and make sure one is black or a very dark color.
 The teacher will place small toys or trinkets inside the cubes before placing them in the freezer.
The next day, tell the children they are going to see which ice block will melt the fastest and when their
ice is melted, there will be a surprise for each of them; a solar surprise!
Ask children who they think will get their surprise first? Which color of block will melt first? Take the
colored ice blocks outside and place them directly in the sun. The dark-colored ice block will melt first.
Explain to children that darker colors absorb more sunlight than light colors. Black absorbs the most
sunlight of all, that is why the dark colored ice block melted so quickly. The light colored ice block
melted last because it doesn't absorb as much of the Sun's energy. After they find their surprises, they may
play with them outside.

 (OPTIONAL)Blow up a Balloon With the Sun

Tell children that the Sun produces enough energy to blow up a balloon.
Materials:
Two balloons
Two plastic bottles
 Black and white paint
The Sun
What to do:
The children will paint one bottle black and one white. The teacher will take the bottles outside and place
a balloon over the mouth of the bottles. Make sure the balloons form an air-tight seal. The balloon on the
white bottle will stay deflated. The balloon on the black bottle will start to expand. Have students touch
both of the balloons. The balloon on the black bottle will feel warm, the white bottle will feel much
cooler.
The black bottle will absorb the solar energy while the white bottle reflects the energy away from itself.
As the black bottle absorbs energy, the air inside the bottle warms up causing the balloon to fill with air
and expand.

 Solar-Powered Science Experiment

Children will love learning how the Sun makes electricity while participating in this hot science
experiment. Explain to children the Sun is powerful enough to make electricity, and people use solar
panels and the Sun to heat their homes.
Materials:
2 Solar-powered garden lights
Science Experiment Directions:
Place a solar light in the closet and one in the Sun. Explain to students that the light in the closet is not
lighting up because it has not had energy from the Sun. After the other solar light has been sitting in the
Sun a few hours bring it inside and show the class how the solar energy powers the light in the dark
closet.

Preschool children will have a ball while learning lessons about solar energy with these fun activities.
Some additional activities could involve buying UV beads and having your classroom make bracelets and
singing songs to go along with the activities such as "Mr. Sun," or even making a solar oven. Whichever
activities you choose, your classroom is sure to shine.
CLASS 1:
Song:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcXsunmdAKo

Sunlightenment

6 important things Sun does for us

(Notes for Teachers)

The Sun is such a constant sight that we hardly ever acknowledge its existence.

In reality, the Sun is one of the primary reasons for life on earth. It is a living
breathing organism.

Nothing is more important to us on Earth than the Sun. Without the Sun's heat and light, the
Earth would be a lifeless ball of ice-coated rock. The Sun warms our seas, stirs our
atmosphere, generates our weather patterns, and gives energy to the growing green plants
that provide the food and oxygen for life on Earth.

1. Food Energy : Plants have specific cells that convert sunlight to food energy
through a process called photosynthesis. Plants provide food to many animals,
which in turn provide the energy to humans. In this way sunlight provides the
source of food for all life n earth.
2. Vitamin D : One of the most amazing things Sunlight provides for us is Vitamin
D.
3. It is absorbed through the skin and converted to state that our body can
absorb it. It usually requires only 30 minutes a day to require a minimum dose.
Vitamin D is important for

Formation of healthy bones.

4. Happiness: There have been studies that show that people suffer from
depression during the change of seasons. As winter approaches and the earth
tilts away from the Sun, the days become shorter. This means less sunlight is
 available for our use. Many people find themselves depressed at this time of
the year. Sunlight also stimulates pineal gland deep in the brain. This gland
regulates our sleep/ wake cycles and triggers our bodies to activity or restful
sleep.
5. Warmth : Life would not be possible on this planet without the warmth the Sun
provides. Combination of the radiant light of the Sun creating direct warmth
and the atmosphere retaining and distributing that heat allows plant and animal
life to thrive on this planet.

6. Light: It takes the light of the Sun 8 minutes to reach us, but it is a fraction of
the powerful heat generated by the sun. Without the light of the Sun there
would be no life on this earth.. With the light we are able to grow crops, find
shelter from predators and to pursue things we enjoy most. Without the sun
there would be no star to orbit around and no heat to sustain us. In short,
without the life giving light of the sun we would not exist.

7. Precipitation: The Sun light helps the water from the sea/ oceans/ lakes/rivers
to evaporate and creates rain. The water vapor rises and when it comes across a
difference in temperature precipitation occurs.

The Sun’s harmful ultra violet rays can also cause health problems. But the
benefits are immense.
So next time when you are in the open, roll up your sleeves to catch Vitamin D, and hug a
tree.
ACTIVITY:
Sun also makes electricity : Solar-Powered Science Experiment

Children will love learning how the Sun makes electricity

Explain to children the Sun is powerful enough to make electricity, and people use solar panels and the
Sun to heat their homes.
Materials:
2 Solar-powered garden lights
Science Experiment Directions:
Place a solar light in the closet and one in the Sun. Explain to students that the light in the closet is not
lighting up because it has not had energy from the Sun. After the other solar light has been sitting in the
Sun a few hours bring it inside and show the class how the solar energy powers the light in the dark
closet.
CLASS 2
(Energy flow in the pyramid)
New words:

Energy,Pyramid,Producers, Consumers,Predator, Prey.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=De_53QflEXQ

Energy Pyramid

The Sun is the main source of energy that can be transformed to other forms of
energy.

Think about your favorite food.

Is it chocolate? Do you prefer spinach, or do you like a juicy hamburger most of all?

No matter what foods you prefer, whenever you eat, you become a part of the energy pyramid,
which shows us how energy transfers from one organism to the next on the food chain,
like insects, plants, animals, and so forth.

THE ENERGY PYRAMID

As we know, the sun is the primary source of energy for all living things on Earth. However, you can't
skip a meal just because you spent the day sunbathing.
The energy from the sun must be absorbed by other organisms and move through the energy pyramid to
get to you, and only then is it available in a form that your body can use.

The energy we get from food also depends a lot on where it sits in the energy pyramid. That's because
the higher up the pyramid we move, the less energy it contains--the energy filters out as it passes from
organism to organism.

Now, let's explore the different levels of the energy pyramid, starting from the base, to better
understand how it works.

Producers
At the base of the energy pyramid sits the producers, which include plants, algae and plankton.

Producers are organisms that take in the sunlight and produce from it energy that living organisms need
to survive.

They're not only the most abundant sources of energy on the planet, but also the most plentiful. When
you eat salad, it's the closest thing to eating the sun's energy--but nowhere near as hot!

Some producers harness energy from the soil rather than the sun directly.

Fungi like mushrooms, bacteria and earthworms are among these type of producers.

The energy that they get from the soil is less than what a plant gets from the sun, because it
experiences an extra layer of filtering through the soil. So, for instance, a robin that eats a worm would
get less energy than if it ate a berry instead.

Primary Consumers
Primary consumers eat producers. (A consumer is any organism that eats
something else.) They form the second level of the food chain. Insects, birds and
krill are examples of primary consumers. Again, the amount of energy is less than
is available in the producers, because some of it has filtered out as it moved up
the energy pyramid. The robin that ate the worm is an example of a primary consumer.

SECONDRY CONSUMERS:
The Third in the chain are SECONDRY CONSUMERS.. They usually eat up the primary producers and
other animal matter eg. Snakes and frogs..

TERTIARY CONSUMERS:
The Fourth level is called TERTIARY CONSUMERS.. These are animals that eat secondry consumers.

PREDATORS:
At the top of the level are PREDATORS. They are the bosses of the ecosystems. Predators feed on
prey.

A PREY is an animal that predators hunt to kill and feed on.

Predators include owls, wild cats , crocodiles, and sharks..
When any organism dies, vultures, worms and crabs eat them up. The rest are broken down by
DECOMPOSERS, mostly bacteria and fungi and the exchange of energy continues,

DECOMPOSERS start the cycle again.

CLASS 3 :
Session 1 / 2:
WHAT IS ENERGY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjuvatIoSzY

(video synopsis : We need and use energy in all activities. Energy is the capacity to do work. This
educational video is designed to explain what is energy, sources of energy, and uses of energy. We see the
various applications of energy through an example of a family picnic, and see various types of energy in action.
This video teaches all aspects of energy in an engaging and clear manner.)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKJifzlOSoQ

(Video synopsis)What is Energy - Types of Energy -www.makemegenius.com

Session 3/ 4

History Of Energy

(Notes for Teachers)Energy is the power to do work. Energy makes everything go!

Energy is an essential part of our daily lives. We use energy to heat and cool our homes,
schools and businesses. We use energy for lights and appliances. Energy makes our vehicles
go, planes fly, boats sail, and machines run. All living things need energy too. Plants use the
light from the sun to grow. Animals and people eat the plants and use the energy that was
stored. Food is fuel for our bodies’ energy needs like muscle power. We also use our own
bodies to make heat energy. When you have been running or working real hard, your body
produces heat energy. When you wear clothing like a jacket in the winter, it holds in that
heat energy and keeps you warm.

A Brief History of Energy

The very first energy source was the sun providing heat and light during the day.

Later fire was discovered by a lightning strike, producing another source of heat and light.
Thousands of years later we discovered that the wind could be harnessed and we began to
use sails on our boats for transportation. Later we began to use windmills to turn water
wheels for grinding grain

Throughout history, we have made lots of discoveries using energy. Before 1850, wood was
our main source of fuel for heating, cooking and producing steam for powering steam
engines for the railroads.

Natural gas was used as early as 500BC by the Chinese. They would find natural gas leaking
from the ground and use bamboo to pipe the gas for use in boiling sea water to remove the
salt.

From about 1850 to 1945, coal was the main fuel source. Wood was still an important
energy source for heating as well as natural gas for lighting, but water and wind were used
less.

For most of the 1900s, oil and natural gas were our main fuel sources. Electricity was
used more in the late 1900s.

From about 1945 to the present, nuclear and solar energy along with water and wind
have played a larger role in the production of energy.

Other alternative energy sources being used today are geothermal and biomass.

Power Source Energy comes from a power source. For example, we get heat and light
energy from the sun. The sun is an energy source.

There are many types of power sources. Most energy comes from fossil fuels (coal, oil,
gas) which were formed when ancient plants, and animals like the dinosaurs, died hundreds
of millions of years ago.

Sun as a Power Source …let’s take a look at the types of power sources that are
used:

Oil and Gas are pumped from wells deep in the ground and under the ocean. They are
then sent through pipelines to be refined or cleaned.

Wood and Coal is mined underground near the earth’s surface. Coal can also be converted
to a liquid or gas form.
 Water Power (hydropower). As water flows downhill it is channeled to a turbine or water
wheel. The force of the flowing water turns the turbine or wheel, which turns a generator
to make the electricity.

Sun Power (solar energy) gives us heat and light energy.

Solar cells absorb the sunlight and special photovoltaic cells produce electricity that can
be used directly or stored in batteries for later use.

Nuclear Power is used to make electricity. Inside a reactor atoms from a fuel called
uranium are split by neutrons (nuclear fission). This energy is released as heat which
changes water into steam that turns turbine generators. Wind Power.

CLASS:4
1st /2nd sess:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHutG0e58os

Renewable &Non renewable Energy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHutG0e58os

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaXBVYr9Ij0

3rd Sess:

Fossil Fuel

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvpov69RzoQ

4th Sess:

Conservation Of Energy

Saving energy will cut down on pollution and help our fossil fuels last longer, at least, until the
renewable energy resources become more practical.

Some energy saving tips

• Turn off the television. TV, Computer and other electrical appliances when not in use.
Un plug the charger when not in use.

• Turn off the lights when you are not using them. .

Adjust the thermostat during the winter. Ask a grown-up to adjust the thermostat by 10
degrees cooler in the winter and 10 degrees warmer in the summer for eight hours a day.

Use a sweater to stay warm in the winter instead of turning up the thermostat.

• Ride the bus instead to taking the car.

• Don't leave the refrigerator door open for a long time. . Every time you open the door, up to
one-third of the cold air can escape.

• Unplug your charger when not in use.

Fix dripping faucets. One drop per second can add up to 165 gallons of water a month - that's
more than one person uses in two weeks!

• Use a sweater to stay warm in the winter instead of turning up the thermostat.

• Recycle your cans, glass bottles and plastic containers.

• Replace a burnt-out light bulb with a new compact fluorescent bulb. Fluorescent bulbs
use 75 percent less energy, and they last 10 times longer.

• Pass the clothes you've outgrown to a brother or sister or to someone who needs them

• Use a sweater to stay warm in the winter instead of turning up the thermostat.

Help a grown-up put plastic sheeting on windows. Blocking cold drafts is called
"weatherizing" and it can save a lot of energy

• Recycle your cans, glass bottles and plastic containers. Recycling helps save energy and resources.

• Remind grown-ups to use cold water in the washing machine. Hot water won't get the
cloth.

Help your mom or dad plant a tree to help shade your house on hot summer days.es
any cleaner, and it wastes a lot of energy,.
Class 5:
Session 1/2
Clean , Green Energy

Green energy comes from natural sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, plants, algae and
geothermal heat. These energy resources are renewable, meaning they're naturally replenished. In
contrast, fossil fuels are a finite resource that take millions of years to develop and will continue to
diminish with unless natural materials like trees and plants are used to make electricity.

Renewable energy is also called "clean energy" or "green power" because it doesn't pollute the air or
the water. Instead of using electricity to make wind, a windturbine is used to
make electricity. Biomass energy uses natural materials like trees and plants to make electricity.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Quy-b_ZOxBA

(cartoon)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-g73ty9v04

(European commission video(cartoon)

Energy-Smart Inventions
All over the world, scientists are finding new ways to save energy - and make energy. In a few years, you
might even be using some of these new energy-smart inventions in your home or school.

Electric cars
Sometimes the scientists are kids just like you!

All across the Midwest, teams of middle school and high school students are designing and building
electric cars. When they're done, they race the cars in an event called an "Electrathon."

The lightweight cars, powered only by a battery, are about 10 feet long and have three or four wheels.

The goal of the race is to see which team's car can do the most laps in one hour. The winning cars can
drive nearly 30 miles on only a few cents worth of electricity!

Fuel cells
One of the most promising new ways to make electricity is called a fuel
cell. It's a new type of battery that uses hydrogen to make electricity.

Hydrogen found all over the earth, in water, petroleum and in every
living thing. Factories use hydrogen energy to process metal and food.
Many of the space shuttle missions have used fuel cells for electric
power.

When hydrogen is used to make electricity, the only thing left over is
pure water. That's why scientists believe fuel cells will be good for the
environment.

Right now, fuel cells cost of a lot of money to build. Scientists are working to find ways to make them
cheaper so that we can use them in our homes, cars and schools.

Learn more about fuel cells and hydrogen energy.

Microturbines
A microturbine is a machine, about the size of a small refrigerator, which
uses a jet engine to make electricity. Microturbines are good for the
environment because they don't cause air pollution, and they use turn almost
all of the fuel into useful electric and heat energy.

Many different kinds of fuel can be used in a microturbine: natural gas,

propane, diesel gasoline and kerosene. Some microturbines use methane gas
from landfills and sewage treatment plants.

In Iowa and Wisconsin, microturbines are also being used on farms to make
electricity from cow manure! The manure contains a lot of methane, making it a good energy source.

Session 3 /4:
Enough sunlight falls on the earth's surface every hour to meet world energy demand for an
entire year.

Solar Power(Source: Alliant.Energy kids)

Have you ever used a magnifying glass to make something melt or
burn? You were using solar power!

"Solar" is the Latin word for "sun" and it's a powerful source of
energy. In fact, the sunlight that shines on the Earth in just one hour
could meet world energy demand for an entire year!

We can use solar power in two different ways - as a heat source, and
as an energy source.

People have used the sun as a heat source for thousands of years.
Families in ancient Greece built their homes to get the most sunlight during the cold winter months. In
the 1830s, explorer John Herschel used a solar collector to cook food during an adventure in Africa. You
can even try this at home!

Today, we can use solar collectors for heating water and air in our homes. If you've seen a house with big
shiny panels on the roof, that family is using solar power.
We can also use solar energy to make electricity. The process is called
photovoltaics. If you have a solar-powered watch or calculator, you're
using photovoltaics!

In 1954, scientists at Bell Telephone discovered that silicon (an

element found in sand) created an electric charge when it was
exposed to lots of sunlight. Just a few years later, silicon chips were
used to help power space satellites.

You might be wondering why we don't use solar electricity all the time. Solar power systems make a
different kind of electricity than big power plants do, so different wiring is needed and that can be
expensive.

India as an emerging Leader in Solar Enegy.

What is Solar Alliance

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Solar_Alliance (FOR TEACHERS)

ACTIVITY : Making a Solar Cooker