North Bengal Development Department Exam 2019

North Bengal Development Department Exam 2019
ANSWER SHEET
Part-A
1. For designing of pavement tyre pressure
influences the
a. Total depth of pavement
b. Quality of surface course
c. Both the above
d. None of the above
Answer: b
See Civil Engineering Objective Book, GUPTA GUPTA,
Highway Engineering, Question No 108 Page No. 123
Explanation:
Pavement design consists mainly wo parts:
i. Mix design of materials to be used in each
pavement component layer
ii. Thickness design of the pavement and the
component layers.
The various factors to be consider for the design of
pavement are given below:
1. Design wheel load: The thickness design of
pavement primarily depends upon the design
wheel load. Higher wheel load obviously needs
thicker pavement, provide other design factors
are the same. Following are the wheel load
factors to be consider in the design of pavement:
a. Maximum wheel load: Total pressure influences
b. Contact Pressure and Tyre Pressure or Inflation
the thickness requirement of pavements and the
Pressure: At low tyre pressure the tyre comes
tyre pressure influences the quality of surface
under compression. Hence contact pressure is
course. Maximum legal axle load as specified by
greater than the tyre pressure
IRC is 8170 kg with a maximum equivalent
Contact pressure = load on wheel/ contact area
single wheel load of 4085 kg. The pressure
distribution is bulb shaped as shown in fig.
✓ Vertical stress under uniformly distributed

circular load based on Boussinesq’s theory.
 
 z3 
 z = p 1−
 3 
 ( a + z ) 
2 2 2
At high tyre pressure, tyre come under tension.

Hence contact pressure is less than tyre pressure.
Prepared by Er. Abhilash Jana, 8100407226 North Bengal Development Department Exam 2019
ANSWER SHEET
 Z 
0.301log10  
d 
log10 ESWL = log10 P +  2
 2S 
log10  
d 
 2
Up to d/2, no stress overlap, therefore
ESWL = P
For depth greater than 2S,
The contact pressure is found to be more than ESWL = 2P
tyre pressure when tyre pressure is less than 7 2. Subgrade soil: A subgrade with lower stability
kg/cm2 and it vice versa when the tyre pressure requires thicker pavement to protect it from
exceeds this value. traffic loads.
✓ Tyre pressure effects top surface of the 3. Climatic factors: Rainfall effects the moisture
pavement and contact pressure effects the condition of subgrade and pavement layers.
bottom layer. Daily or seasonal temperature also effects the
✓ The ratio of contact pressure to tyre pressure is stress under the pavement.
defined as Rigidity Factor
4. Pavement component materials: The stress
c. Equivalent Single Wheel Load (ESWL): To
distribution characteristics also depends upon the
maintain the maximum wheel load within the
pavement materials which have to be use.
specific limit and to carry greater load, it is
5. Environmental factors: hot region or cold region
necessary to provide dual wheel assembly to the
may cause effects in the pavement design.
rear axles of the road vehicles. It not means the
6. Special factor in the design of different types of
load will be two time the load of single wheel
pavement: Bitumen emulsion or cutback bitumen
load. ESWL is calculated by using equal stress
also used for special purpose.
criteria. If we assume the contact area is circular,
2. For construction of WBM road, the correct
influence angle is 450 and soil medium is elastic,
sequence of operation after spreading coarse
homogeneous and isotropic. Then,
aggregate is
S = d + 2a
a. Dry roll, wet rolling, application of screening
and application of filter
b. Dry roll, application of filter, wet rolling and
application of screening.
c. Dry roll, application of screening, wet
rolling, and application of filter
d. Dry roll, application of screening, application
of filter and wet rolling.
Answer: c
Highway Engineering, Question No 129 Page No. 125
Explanation:
ANSWER SHEET
WBM (Water Bound macadam): 4% to 9% is used in surface course construction; the

The water bound macadam road construction plasticity index of binding course material should be
technique was given by the John Macadam. This less than 6% in the case of the WBM layers used as
technique in present day is used as given below. base course or sub-base course, with bituminous
For WBM construction we use three materials: surfacing.
1. Aggregates However, if the screening used are of crushable
2. Screeners material like moorum or soft gravel, there is no need
3. Binders. to apply binding material, unless the plasticity index
1. Aggregates: value is low.
We use the aggregates of different grades. IRC WBM Road Construction Procedure:
(Indian Roads Congress) has classified the coarse Construction of water bound macadam road involves
aggregates into 9 grades, according to their size. the following 6 basic steps as given below.
For the construction of the WBM roads aggregates
are used in the sub-base, base and surface course and 1. Preparation of sub-grade
so the aggregates are divided into 3 grades according 2. Preparation of sub-base
to their size. 3. Preparation of base
Grade 1 - particles of size 90 mm to 40 mm. 4. Preparation of wearing course
Grade 2 - particles of size 63 to 40 mm. 5. Preparation of shoulders
Grade 3 - particles of size 50 to 20 mm. 6. Opening to traffic
The grade 1 aggregates having size of 90 mm to 40 STEP – 1 (Construction of Sub-Grade)
mm are preferred for the sub-base material and grade Sub-grade act as a cushion for other layers i.e. In
2 for the base and grade 1 for the surface course. order to achieve durable road sub-grade should be
However, if we only use the WBM as the surface strong. Sub-grade is provided by digging up the sub-
course, it gets deteriorated fast due to abrasion with soil and the level of the sub-grade is decided by
the traffic so, bituminous surfacing over the WBM is subtracting the total thickness of the pavement from
general practice. the finished level of the road pavement. The sub-
2. Screeners: grade is thoroughly compacted by rollers weighing 8
Screeners are the aggregates of the smaller sizes, tonnes by sprinkling water one night before. Low
generally 12.5 mm or 10 mm, for grade A and grade spots which develop during rolling must be made up
B. They are of the same chemical composition as of and brought to the grades as required. In rocky
the coarse aggregates. For economic considerations regions the sub-grades are not rolled whereas in
IRC has suggested non plastic materials such as, region of clay soils, a layer to natural sand, moorum
crushed over burnt bricks, moorum, gravels, etc. or gravel, is provided over sub-grade and is duly
provided the liquid limit of the material is less than packed.
20%, plasticity index is less than 6.0% and the
portion of fines passing 0.075 mm sieve is less than
10%.
However, if crush-able type of aggregates is used,
use of the screeners may be disposed of.
3. Binders:
Binders, are the layers of materials which are laid
after the compaction of the aggregates and the
screening materials one after the another. Kankar
dust or lime stone dust may be utilized if locally
available.
The binding material with plasticity index value of Sub grade preparation
ANSWER SHEET
of the aggregate is achieved with sufficient void

STEP – 2 (Construction of Sub-Base) space. The rolling is started from the edges and
On a well compacted sub-grade, spread 10 to 20 cm gradually shifted towards the centre.
size boulders or broken stones, or over burnt bricks 5. After dry rolling, spread the screening materials
in layers of 15 cm thickness and total width of the (stones upto 12 mm size) with uniform rate so
sub-base to be kept 60 cm wider than pavement that voids of coarse aggregates get filled
width, projecting 30 cm on each side. The sub-base properly. This is achieved by dry rolling and
should be compacted by a roller to provide an even brooming alternatively, till the voids of the
surface. coarse aggregates are filled.
6. After spreading the screening material, sprinkle
sufficient quantity of water, sweep the surface
and roll it with roller again.
7. Now apply the binding material in two to three
thick layers at a slow and uniform rate. Each
layer of binding material is rolled after adding
sufficient water. The slurry is swept in with
brooms to fill the void properly. The moving
wheel of the roller should be cleaned with water.
Roller Compaction Continue the operations of spreading of binder,
STEP – 3 (Construction of Base) sprinkling of water, sweeping with brooms and
On the prepared sub-base or directly on the sub- rolling till the voids get filled and slurry forms a
grade, as the case may be, the specified materials of wave before the moving wheel of the roller.
the base course is spread and proper grade, thickness 8. After proper compacting allow it to dry
and cross sections maintained as per design shown overnight. Spread a layer of sand or earth, about
on the supplied drawings. 6 mm thick and roll the surface again after
STEP – 4 (Preparation of Wearing Course) sprinkling water lightly.
This course may be laid in one or two layers 9. The surface may be allowed for 7 to 10 days of
according to the total designed thickness and the curing.
thickness of each layer should not exceed 10 cm. this
component being very important, the following steps
may be taken systematically.
1. Check the defective portions/patches of the

newly laid base course i.e. soling and rectify
them
2. Provide either bricks on end edging or earthen
kerbs strong enough to prevent the new road
material from spreading outward and also to Spreading binder material
retain water used in consolidation of the wearing STEP – 5 (Construction of Shoulders)
course. While curing the pavement surface, prepare the
3. Spread the road metal evenly over the prepared shoulders by filling earth to the specified cross slope
base to the specified thickness and hand pack and compact them properly by rolling or by tamping.
them so that the finished surface is brought to Width and thickness of the shoulder should be as per
the required camber. specification.
4. Spread the coarse aggregate over the surface and
roll it dry with a suitable roller till interlocking
ANSWER SHEET
6. Stone aggregates used in WBM is larger in

size which varies from 90 mm to 20 mm
depending upon the grade but in case of the
WMM size varies from 4.75 mm to 20 mm.
7. In case of WBM, stone aggregates,
screenings and binders are laid one after another
in layers while in WMM, aggregates and binders
are premixed in the batching plants and then
brought to the site for overlaying and
compacting.
Construction of shoulders 8. Materials used in the WBM are the stone
STEP – 6 (Opening to Traffic) aggregates, screenings and binder material
After properly drying, the road pavement may now (Stone dust with water) while in WMM material
be opened to traffic, ensuring that the traffic is used are only stone aggregates and binders.
distributed uniformly over the full width of the 9. Quantity of the WBM is generally measured
pavement. in cubic meters while that of the WMM in square
meters.
WMM (Wet mix macadam) road construction:
Aggregates used are of the smaller sizes, varies 3. Tie bars in cement concrete pavements are at
between the 4.75 mm to 20 mm sizes and the binders a. Expansion joints
(stone dust or quarry dust having PI (Plasticity
b. Contraction joints
Index) not less than 6%) are premixed in a batching
plant or in a mixing machine. Then they are brought c. Warping joints
to the site for overlaying and compaction. d. Longitudinal joints
The PI (plasticity Index) of the binding material is Answer: d
kept low because it should be a sound and non-plastic See Civil Engineering Objective Book, GUPTA GUPTA,
material. If the plasticity index is more then there are Highway Engineering, Question No 116, Page No. 124
the chances of the swelling and more water retention Explanation:
properties. So, this value should be kept in mind.
Comparison of the WBM and WMM road
construction:
Although the cost of construction of the WMM is
said to be more than that of the WBM sub-base and
bases but the advantages given below will
compensate for that. Here are the points of
difference:
1. The WMM roads are said to be more durable.
2. The WMM roads gets dry sooner and can be
opened for traffic within less time as compare to
the WBM roads which take about one month for Joints are the discontinuities in the concrete
getting dry.
pavement slab, and help to release stresses due to
3. WMM roads are soon ready to be black
topped with the Bituminous layers. temperature variation, subgrade moisture variation,
4. WMM roads are constructed at the faster rate. shrinkage of concrete etc.
5. The consumption of the water is less in case There are various types of joints in concrete
of the WMM roads. pavement, e.g. contraction joint, construction joint,
ANSWER SHEET
expansion joint and warping joint. Fig. 3 d. None of the above

schematically shows position of various joints. The Answer: c
functions of these joints are as follows: See Civil Engineering Objective Book, GUPTA GUPTA,
Contraction joint: Contraction joints are provided Highway Engineering, Question No 103, Page No. 122
along the transverse direction to take care of the 5. Which of the following represents hardest grade
contraction of concrete slab due to its natural of bitumen?
shrinkage. a. 30/40
Construction joint: Construction joints are b. 60/70
provided whenever the construction work stops c. 80/100
temporarily. The joint direction could be either along d. 100/120
the transverse or longitudinal direction. Maximum Answer: a
spacing of contraction joints is 4.5 m. See Civil Engineering Objective Book, GUPTA GUPTA,
Expansion joint: Expansion joints are provided Highway Engineering, Question No 93, Page No. 122
along the transverse direction to allow movement Explanation:
(expansion/ contraction) of the concrete slab due to It represents softness or hardness of bitumen
(completely melted form of bitumen, just like liquid)
temperature and subgrade moisture variation. The
by measuring the depth in 1/10th of mm to which a
gap should not be more than 2.5 cm and maximum standard needle carrying a weight of 100gms
spacing between expansion joints should not exceed penetrates in 5 seconds at a temperature of 25 degree
140 m for rough interface layer. Celsius.
If grade of bitumen is 70/90 then penetration value

lies between 7 to 9 mm. This grade is mostly used in
India. Bitumen is also graded based on viscosity
grading. Other grades of bitumen can be 30/40 (3-4
mm penetration value on penetration test), 80/100
(8–10 mm penetration).
If grade of bitumen is A-30 then bitumen is

manufactured from Assam petroleum. If grade is S-
Warping joint: Warping joints are provided along 30 then it is other than Assam petroleum.
the longitudinal direction to prevent warping of the
concrete slab due to temperature and subgrade 6. If aggregate impact value is 20 to 30 percent, then
moisture variation. it is classified as
These discontinuities (joints) could be extended to a. Exceptionally strong
the full or partial depth of the slab. Sometimes iron b. Strong
bars are provided across the joints, the iron bars c. Satisfactory for road surfacing
along the longitudinal joints are called tie bars and d. Unsuitable for road surfacing
along the transverse joints are called dowel bars. Answer: c
4. Flexible pavement distributes the wheel load See Civil Engineering Objective Book, GUPTA GUPTA,
a. Directly to sub grade Highway Engineering, Question No 88, Page No. 121
b. Through structural action Explanation:
c. Through a set of layers to the sub grade
ANSWER SHEET
Answer: d
Aggregate
Classification See Civil Engineering Objective Book, R. AGOR, RCC,
Impact Value
Question No 13.77, Page No. 274
10. Column may be made of plain concrete if their
<20% Exceptionally Strong
unsupported length does not exceed their least
10 – 20% Strong lateral dimension by
a. 2 times
20-30% Satisfactory for road surfacing b. 3 times
c. 4 times
>35% Weak for road surfacing d. 5 times
7. The value of ruling gradient in plains as per IRC Answer: c
recommendation is See Civil Engineering Objective Book, R. AGOR, RCC,
a. 1 in 15
11. An RCC lintel is spanning an opening of 2 m in
b. 1 in 12
a brick wall. The height of roof is 2.9 m above
c. 1 in 30
floor level, lintel is to be designed for self-weight
d. 1 in 40
plus
Answer: c
a. Triangular load of wall
Highway Engineering, Question No 39, Page No. 117 b. UDL of wall
Explanation: c. UDL of wall plus load from roof
Ruling gradient Values d. Triangular load plus load from roof
Plain and rolling 1 in 30 Answer: c
Mountainous terrain 1 in 20 See Civil Engineering Objective Book, R. AGOR, RCC,
Steep terrain 1 in 16.7 Question No 13.251, Page No. 285
8. As per IRC recommendations, the maximum 12. Transverse reinforcement provided at right angle
limit of super elevation for mixed traffic in plain to the main reinforcement
terrain is a. Distribute the load
a. 1 in 15 b. Resist the temperature stresses
b. 1 in 12.5 c. Resist the shrinkage stress
c. 1 in 10 d. All of the above
d. Equal to camber Answer: d
Answer: a See Civil Engineering Objective Book, R. AGOR, RCC,
See Civil Engineering Objective Book, GUPTA GUPTA, Question No 13.82, Page No. 275
Highway Engineering, Question No 21, Page No. 115 13. Modular ratio, m of a concrete whose permissible
9. The maximum ration of span to depth of simply compressive stress is C, may be obtained from
supported and spanning in two direction is the equation of
a. 20 a. 2800/C
b. 25 b. 2800/2C
c. 30 c. 2800/3C
d. 35 d. 2800/C2
Answer: c
ANSWER SHEET
See Civil Engineering Objective Book, R. AGOR, RCC, c. 3wR2/16

Question No 13.85, Page No. 275 d. 0
14. As per IS:456, reinforcement in column should Answer: c
not be less See Civil Engineering Objective Book, R. AGOR, RCC,
a. 0.5% and should exceed 5% of cross-sectional Question No 13.106, Page No. 276
area of column. 18. For designing gravity type retaining wall, factor
b. 0.6% and should exceed 6% of cross-sectional of safety against sliding is
area of column. a. 1.0
c. 0.7% and should exceed 7% of cross-sectional b. 1.25
area of column. c. 1.50
d. 0.8% and should exceed 8% of cross-sectional d. 2.0
area of column. Answer: c
Answer: d See Civil Engineering Objective Book, R. AGOR, RCC,
See Civil Engineering Objective Book, R. AGOR, RCC, Question No 13.173, Page No. 281
Question No 13.57, Page No. 273 19. If the overall height (H) of retaining wall
15. If T& R are tread and rise of a stair which carries retaining surcharged load, the width of the base
a load W/sq. meter on slope, the corresponding slab usually provided, is
load per square meter of horizontal area is a. 0.3H
a. W(R+T)/T b. 0.4H
b. W(R2+T2)1/2/T c. 0.5H
c. W(R+T) T2 d. 0.7H
d. W(R/T) Answer: d
Answer: b See Civil Engineering Objective Book, R. AGOR, RCC,
Question No 13.193, Page No. 282 20. In a singly reinforced beam, if the permissible
16. According to the steel beam theory of double stress in concrete reaches earlies than that steel,
reinforcement beam the beam section is called
a. Tension is resisted b tension steel a. Under reinforced section
b. Compression is resisted by compression steel b. Over reinforced section
c. Stress in tension steel equal to stress in c. Balanced section
compressive steel d. Critical section
d. All of the above Answer: b
Answer: d See Civil Engineering Objective Book, R. AGOR, RCC,
17. If w is the load on a circular slab of radius R, the
maximum circumferential moment at the center
of slab is
a. wR2/16
b. 2wR2/16
Part-B
ANSWER SHEET
Each question carries 5 marks

1. Find the max. B.M. at Centre for the following rolling load using influence line diagram.
ANSWER SHEET
2. A simply supported rolled steel section of span 4m need to carry 5T/m udl including its self-weight. Find
the min. sectional modulus of the beam. Assume, f y = 250 N/mm2.
ANSWER SHEET
3. Find the min. base width of the cement concrete gravity type retaining wall against overturning for the data
given below:
Height of backfill = 3 m, top width of retaining wall = 0.4m, unit weight of concrete = 2.2 T/m3, unit weight
of earth pressure = 1.8 T/m3, ɸ = angle of repose = 30 degree, F.S. against overturning = 2.0 & no
surcharged loading.
ANSWER SHEET
ANSWER SHEET
4. Find the end moment at A & B.
ANSWER SHEET
5. Design the beam against shear force for the following data:
Size of the beam = 250 x 400 mm, no of reinforcement = 5 No 16 dia bar at bottom, Grade of concrete M20,
qcmax = 18 kg/cm2, assume DL from slab = 3750 kg/m, LL on beam = 3500 kg/m
100AS/bd 0.15 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
qc (kg/cm2) 1.80 2.20 3.00 3.50 3.90 4.20 4.50 4.70 4.90
6. Design two lane flexible pavement for the following data:
Initial traffic volume = 150 CVPD, Design life = 15 years, VDF = 3.5, Annual traffic growth = 7.5% & CBR
= 5%.
MSA GSB G. BASE DBM BC/SDBC
2 215 225 50 20
5 250 250 55 25
10 300 250 70 40
20 300 250 100 40
30 300 250 120 40

North Bengal Development Department Exam 2019

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North Bengal Development Department Exam 2019

✓ Vertical stress under uniformly distributed

At high tyre pressure, tyre come under tension.

WBM (Water Bound macadam): 4% to 9% is used in surface course construction; the

of the aggregate is achieved with sufficient void

1. Check the defective portions/patches of the

6. Stone aggregates used in WBM is larger in

expansion joint and warping joint. Fig. 3 d. None of the above

If grade of bitumen is 70/90 then penetration value

If grade of bitumen is A-30 then bitumen is

See Civil Engineering Objective Book, R. AGOR, RCC, c. 3wR2/16

Each question carries 5 marks

4. Find the end moment at A & B.

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