Análisis de la lectura

The Deforestation of the Amazon: A Case Study in Understanding

Ecosystems and Their Value

PRODUCCIÓN MÁS LIMPIA

Docente:

Jairo Alexander Camacho Ospina

Asignatura:

Producción más limpia

Bogotá, Colombia 20 de abril del

2019

Questions

1.Based on this simplified form of benefit–cost analysis, which land use

option wins?
 Based on this simplified form of cost-benefit analysis, the option that we
consider as the land use that wins is the registrar.

Con base en esta forma simplificada de análisis costo-beneficio, la opción

que consideramos como uso de suelo que gana es el registrador.

2. Evaluate the ways that peasant farmers, loggers, and conservation

organizations approach land use. Which do you agree with? Is there room for
peaceful coexistence in the Amazon, especially with the prospect of
population growth?

The one that we agree with is the conservation organizations. I also think
that there is room for peaceful coexistence in the Amazon.

Con la que estamos de acuerdo es con las organizaciones de conservación.

También creemos que hay espacio para la coexistencia pacífica en el Amazonas.

3. Support or criticize the use of benefit–cost analysis as a means of

economic planning and as a means of preventing environmental
degradation. Do you agree more with Costanza (1997b), Pearce (1998), or
Sargoff (1997)? Do you feel that species have intrinsic rights to exist? Can
such existence values be incorporated into environmental policy?

Some parts are easier to come up with the numbers for the benefit-cost than
for the others. For environmental degradation some of the cost-benefit analysis
may not be fair. I feel that species do have the intrinsic right to exist and I think that
such existence values can and should be incorporated into environmental policy.

Algunas partes son más fáciles de encontrar los números para el costo-
beneficio que para las otras. Para la degradación ambiental, algunos de los
análisis de costo-beneficio pueden no ser justos. Creo que las especies tienen el
derecho intrínseco a existir y creo que tales valores de existencia pueden y deben
incorporarse a la política ambiental.

4. Do you believe that citizens of tropical countries have the right to deforest
the most biologically diverse communities on Earth? Compare and contrast
the economic and environmental issues of tropical deforestation with
deforestation that occurred in the US and Europe over the last several
hundreds of years.

We believe that citizens of tropical countries should not be allows to deforest

the most biologically diverse communities on Earth because those areas have too
many resources to be deforested. I think that their governments should try to
prevent this deforestation from happening. And the governments that don’t think it
is important to prevent the deforestation, I think that other countries should
persuade them to prevent the deforestation. The differences from now compared to
last hundreds years, is that before we believed that we had an unlimited supply of
resources, but now we realize that they are limited and that causes a more
economical problem. The environmental issues are about the same because using
them up now or hundreds of years ago caused problems with the environment.

Creemos que a los ciudadanos de los países tropicales no se les debe

permitir deforestar a las comunidades con mayor diversidad biológica en la Tierra
porque esas áreas tienen demasiados recursos para ser deforestados. Creemos
que sus gobiernos deberían tratar de evitar que ocurra esta deforestación. Y los
 gobiernos que no creen que sea importante prevenir la deforestación, creo que
otros países deberían persuadirlos para que eviten la deforestación. Las
diferencias a partir de ahora en comparación con los últimos cientos de años, es
que antes creíamos que teníamos un suministro ilimitado de recursos, pero ahora
nos damos cuenta de que son limitados y eso causa un problema más económico.
Los problemas medioambientales son más o menos iguales, ya que usarlos ahora
o hace cientos de años causó problemas con el medio ambiente.

5. John Terborgh, tropical ecologist at Duke University, asserts that in order

to save tropical forests, citizens of industrial nations are going to have to pay
developing countries. Do you agree? What are some ways that this might be
done?

I think that paying the developing countries would help. Also, I think that paying the
loggers and the farmers to not cut down the tropical forest might help.

Perspective Worksheet

Perspective 1: Peasant Farmer

Strategy: Clear land, sell timber, farm for two years, and sell land

How you value the 5- Value per hectare Value for entire 5- Value for the entire 5-
hectare forest plot per year
ha plot per year ha plot for 2 years
($ or other)

Merchantilable wood $175 $875 $875

from the clearing in the
first year

Agriculture for 2 years $920 $2,300 $4,600

Net increase in the $300 $1,500 $1,500

value of the cleared
land

Total $1395 $4,675 $6,975

 Perspective 2: Logger
Strategy: Selectively log valuable timber species and non-timber resources, then
establish a forest plantation for pulp and collect carbon sequestration royalties for
growing a secondary forest

How you value Value per hectare Value for the Value for the
the 5-hectare per year entire 5-ha plot entire 5-ha
forest plot ($ or other) per year plot for 2 years

Selective logging $175 $875 $875

1 year of non-timber $422 $2,110 $2,110

resources

Agroforestry $525 $2,625 $2,625

(average/yr)

Carbon $2,000 $10,000 $10,000

sequestration

Total $3,122 $15,610 $15,610

Perspective 3: Environmentalist

Strategy: preserve primary forest, sell rights for limited bioprospecting, establish

ecotourism, secure external (international funding from donors) for preservation of

species and for carbon sequestration

How you value the 5- Value per hectare Value for entire 5- Value for the entire 5-
hectare forest plot per year
 ($ or other) ha plot per year ha plot for 2 years

Non-timber resources $422 $2,110 $4,220

Genetic resources $21 $105 $105

The willingness to pay $110 $550 $550

Ecotourism NA $1,500 $3,000

Carbon sequestration $2,000 $10,000 $10,000

Ecosystem services ? ? ?
provided by the
Hydrological Cycling in
rainforest

Total $2,553 $14,265 $17,875

Bibliografía
Camill, P. (s.f.). The Deforestation of the Amazon:A Case Study in Understanding Ecosystems and
Their Value. Carleton College, Northfi eld, MN: Department of Biology.