How are organic

compounds different
from inorganic
compounds?
First, let’s get to grips with some
essential terms in Chemistry.

ATOM v MOLECULE v COMPOUND v MIXTURE

So, what is an ATOM?
Each ELEMENT has a different
atomic structure.
ATOMIC NUMBER is the
number of PROTONS in the
nucleus. CARBON = 6
(The atomic number tells you where
is the element in the Periodic Table.)

ATOMIC WEIGHT is
approximately the number of
PROTONS and NEUTRONS
in the nucleus. CARBON = 12
What elements are all living things
made of ?

Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen,

& Oxygen
 What holds atoms together?

CHEMICAL
BONDS hold
atoms together.

Energy is usually required to join atoms and is released when atoms are split.
 Different sorts of bonds

Atoms like to be stable, most especially the orbiting electrons.

COVALENT BONDING
Electrons are shared. Many molecules are formed this way. Elements are known by their
valency – the number of electrons they will share. Carbon is TETRAVALENT (4!).

IONIC BONDING
Electrons can be donated (and received). In this case, positive and negative IONS are formed.
How do we write chemical
compounds/molecules using symbols?
Chemical Formula

2(NH3) or just 2NH3

Tells us the number of
atoms

Tells us the number of

molecules
What is a chemical formula?

CO2
A chemical formula represents the chemical makeup of
a compound or molecule.

How many carbon atoms in 1 molecule of CO2? 1

How many oxygen atoms in 1 molecule of CO2? 2
 What is a structural formula?
Bonds

Structural formula shows the kinds, numbers, and the

arrangements of atoms.
It also shows the bonds. Look at the bonding between the
carbon and nitrogen atoms. Remember that carbon is
tetravalent. So what do you think is the valency number
of a nitrogen atom? 3 or trivalent
Chemical Equations and
Reactions

◦ A+B Reactants
C Products

or

◦ C
Reactants A+B Products
8) Example of a Chemical Reaction:

C6H12O6 +6O2 6H2O + 6CO2

Carbon
Glucose Oxygen Water
dioxide

Which are the reactants? How many water molecules

are produced? 6
Which are the products? How many glucose molecules
are used?
How many carbon atoms
6 1
are present in a molecule of
glucose?
Types of molecules
◦Organic ◦Inorganic
What do organic molecules have
in common?

C&H
What do inorganic molecules
have in common?
Just C or just H or neither
Organic vs. Inorganic (Review)
Organic Inorganic
◦Have C & H together ◦Have C or H or neither,
but never both at the same
◦Made by living things
time.
◦Can be found in living
things
Organic compounds are made by
Living Things

◦CO + H O
2 2 O + CH O
2 6 12 6

organic
inorganic
Identify the Organic & Inorganic Molecules
H2O NaOH FeO3
CO2 C6H12O6 CO
HCl C2H6 C18H36O2
CaO H2CO3 C3H6
CaCO3 C2H5OH NaCl
CH3OH HNO3 CuSO4
NH3 KCl MnCl2
KMnO4 H2SO4 NO2
SO3 HF C8H18
Na2SO4 CH3COOH HBr