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VISUAL INTERPRETATION OF OLD CARTOONS AS ELICITORS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL

PHENOMENON OF NOSTALGIA

A Research Presented to

The Faculty of CIIT College of Arts and Technology

Senior High School Department

3rd-4th Flr. One Ignacia Place Sgt. Esguerra cor. Mother Ignacia St., Quezon City

In Partial Fulfillment of

the Requirements for Practical Research 2

By

2018
ABSTRACT

Title of Research: Visual Interpretation of Old Cartoons as Elicitors of the Psychological Phenomenon of

Nostalgia

Researcher:

Institution: CIIT College of Arts and Technology

Grade Level: 12 – Maya

Year: 2018

The research is an exploratory study of the psychological phenomenon of nostalgia in the context of

cartoon visual media. Using secondary data analysis of existing literature as primary method of data

collection, it theoretically explores how nostalgia occurs in the consumption of cartoons among children.

Building from these theoretical findings, the study, using drawing as method, will make a visual interpretation

of cartoons in the 1990s to 2000s with the objective of eliciting feelings of nostalgia among its audience.
BACKGROUND

Cartoons are popular form of audiovisual media. They are traditionally in the form of drawings or

paintings, and continue to evolve into pictorial parody and animation for entertainment purposes (Ames,

2017). In a rapidly digitizing world, cartoon media have become more and more accessible to people in a

variety of platforms. Before, cartoons are only aired on specific television channels, on specific time periods,

and within a particular duration. While cartoons at present continue to be available in the traditional television

platform, they are also increasingly being produced and reproduced on the internet. The digital

interconnectivity that the web offers allowed a creation of a cartoon archive that is easily accessible for

consumers. This development means that consumers are no longer limited by the time schedule of cartoons

on television; the internet provides consumers more temporal flexibility in watching cartoons, especially old

cartoons that had been aired in the past.

Old cartoons are audiovisual media that can elicit nostalgia, a hesitant, mixed however dominatingly

positive and social feeling (Routledge, 2015). It emerges from affectionate recollections blended with longing

about one's adolescence, cozy connections, or atypically positive occasions, and involves a recovery

direction (Sedikides et. al., 2008). Feelings of nostalgia are experienced by encountering sensory inputs such

as people, objects, or situations that reminds a person about the past (Routledge, 2016). Cartoons, a

common and long-standing aspect of the television enterprise, is an example; it can serve as reminders of

the past, as triggers of nostalgia.

This research is an exploratory study of the psychological phenomenon of nostalgia in the context of

cartoon visual media. Since studies have shown that cartoons are most appealing to young children as source

of fun, learning and entertainment, and to an extent being their primary distraction (Ghilzai et. al., 2017), the
study focuses on old cartoons watched by children in the past. The research, in addition, has an applied

phase. It builds from the theoretical findings of available literature on nostalgia in order to create an artwork

that can be a potential elicitor of nostalgia. Because of the internet, old cartoons have been preserved, and

therefore can be retrieved and simulated into an artwork that can trigger nostalgia on its past children

audiences.
THESIS INQUIRY

Analyzing available literature, the phenomenon of nostalgia is predominantly studied using

psychological perspectives. Application of the concept of nostalgia in aesthetic practices, such as drawing,

however is lacking. Given this practical gap, the study explores the phenomenon of nostalgia to theoretically

inform the creation of a visual media that can elicit nostalgia. The study is guided by the following research

questions:

1. What are the cartoons in the past commonly consumed by children?

2. How can cartoons elicit nostalgia among children?

3. What are the implications of experiencing nostalgia for cartoons? Change this question More about

myself
OBJECTIVES

This study generally aims to understand the experience of nostalgia in the context of cartoon visual

arts and incorporate such understanding in creating an artwork. Specifically, it seeks to:

1. Describe the popularity and consumption of cartoon audiovisual media in the past Change this question

2. Explain how cartoons in the past incites nostalgia on its audience at present Change this question

3. Understand the implications of experiencing nostalgia for cartoons Change this question

4. Create visual interpretation of cartoons in the past that elicits nostalgia

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study is important because it has scientific and aesthetic contributions to the field of media

studies. In a more practical sense, it provides preliminary knowledge for future psychological studies which

may include using nostalgia for cartoons as therapy.


REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Ghilzai, Shazia & Alam, Rabia & Ahmad, Zubair & Shaukat, Amina & Shahum, Syeda & , Noor. (2017).
Impact of Cartoon Programs on Children's Language and Behavior. ILSC. 2. 104-126.

This study had a goal of finding out the answers of what does cartoons do when children are exposed
to it, it relates to this this research because this study uses cartoons to find nostalgia. Yousaf Dr. Zahir,
Shehzad Munham, Hassan S. Ali investigated the effect of kid's shows on school going youngsters. They
found that animation arrangement are very influencing the kids physically and mentally. The kids that are not
administrated are influenced the most. Kids want to watch kid's shows and henceforth squander their time.
They are embracing improper words and mirror the style and dialect of kid's shows. Mahsud M. Nawaz,
Rawan Bakht and Yaser Noman broke down the nearness of forceful conduct and its reason in the school
going offspring of Sargodha. They received review investigate technique to discover the effect of kid's shows
on their conduct. Both male and female kids invested relatively square with energy watching kid's shows.
Young men embraced much forceful conduct and liked to watch kid's shows that show battling. Young men
liked to watch Hindi named kid's shows more than young ladies. They likewise distinguished numerous Hindi
words that the youngsters They jump at the chance to receive the dressing and complement of their most
loved animation characters.Dr. A.G. Sudha investigated the various entrancing impacts of kid's shows
affecting the adjustment in the conduct of kids. Youngsters are wild and habitual watchers of kid's shows
investing significant energy before the TV.

Sudha found that review kid's shows impacts the late youth respondents more than the early or pre-
juvenile youth respondents and the variables that apply effect on the kids are age, sex, kin, standard, load
up, medium and time spent for sitting in front of the TV that influences their conduct. Sultana, Sharmin trusted
that due to the kid's shows kids are investing more energy in TV instead of being occupied with some valuable
work. Watching a great deal of kid's shows can antagonistically influence the learning capacities and the
brain of the kids. Slowly, staring at the TV turns into their essential activity in their past time and
notwithstanding amid eating or while doing homework they are well on the way to sit in front of the TV.
Therefore, later guardians and even kids wind up experiencing difficulty adapting to the genuine tasks of life.
She reasoned that separated from being engaging and amusing to watch kid's shows likewise have their
negative side that they are radically harming the psychological capacities and the public activity of a kid by
making him dependent on kid's shows.
Maqsood, Qurat-ul-ain and Amer, Umera contemplated the impact of intercultural kid's shows on
youthful youngsters. They expressed that intercultural kid's shows are principally decimating the religious
and good estimation of youthful ones and notwithstanding influencing the dialect and social conduct.

Their psyche is effectively influenced by the kid's shows and viciousness in addition to the good and ethnic
qualities the animation appears. In view of these reasons the youngsters regularly impersonate the vast
majority of the words utilized by their most loved animation character and even some of the time fantasize
themselves for being their top choices character in their future life. Kid's shows found in the early youth turns
into a piece of the intuitive of the tyke and aggravates him in his later life having an issue managing the
genuine essence of life. Daniyal, Muhammad and Hassan, Ali contemplated the effect of animation arrange
on the conduct of school going kids.

As animation arrange is every minute of every day animation channel, so kids spent the vast majority
of their recreation time before the TV. Additionally, the vast majority of the animation indicates brutality as
their indispensable part which greatly affects kids' brain science.

Kids are pulled in and affected by the savage substance appeared in the kid's shows. This investigation
investigates the effect of animation organize on the brain science of the school going kids which results in
the change in their conduct as well as power their parent to purchase embellishments which have their most
loved animation characters notice.

They inferred that there is a solid effect of kid's shows on kids' way of life, dialect, identity, forceful and
vicious conduct. A large portion of the youngsters spent roughly 1-3 hour every day before the TV.
Youngsters like the vicious substance appeared in the animation like Tom and Jerry in a comedic domain
and kids love to play such recreations with their kin and cohorts. Gökçearslan contemplated the impact of
animation motion pictures on the kids' sex advancement. Animation films comprise of male, female, creature
and other lifeless things. This circumstance is disturbing as in the youngsters will be inclined to the sex
contrasts additionally running over with such muddled sexual orientation good examples will influence the kid
brain research and influence them in their future lives. Siripen considered the impact of positive animation
liveliness to change youngsters conduct in elementary schools. Kids love kid's shows and they are firmly
impacted by them.
Routledge, C. (2015). Nostalgia. A psychological resource. Ba singstoke: Taylor & Francis

This book talks about the phenomena of Nostalgia its history, conceptualization, and its functions.
Nostalgia was generally seen as a neurological infection or psychological instability. Also, however after
some time these marks lost their pertinence as researchers and the overall population alike started to see
Nostalgia as a typical and indeed, even lovely action, it was not until the point when scientists began to
efficiently contemplate the substance of nostalgic recollections that this past-situated enthusiastic experience
could be really rebranded.

In the present section, consider the examination on the substance of Nostalgia. At the point when
individuals are nostalgic, what are they considering? In spite of the fact that individuals have their very own
extraordinary group of stars of life encounters that characterize their own story, are there subjects that
epitomize nostalgic recollections? In the event that there are basic subjects basic Nostalgia, at that point we
might have the capacity to start to sort out an image of how returning to these recollections, influences
individuals.

In any case, before talking about how individuals encounter Nostalgia, first, it is critical to consider how
individuals conceptualize Nostalgia. Content investigations of nostalgic recollections include requesting that
individuals infer encounters from their past that produce sentiments of Nostalgia. At the end of the day, the
substance of individuals' nostalgic recollections will be attached to their originations of being nostalgic. Along
these lines, it is basic to comprehend lay originations of Nostalgia.

How do people conceptualize nostalgia? Are they thoughtful to the perspectives of researchers past,
seeing nostalgia as some type of sickness or mental defenselessness?

Might they have a more positive perspective of nostalgia and see it as a sound movement? Or then again
maybe there is no lay agreement on how nostalgia ought to be conceptualized. That is, possibly individuals
don't have any unmistakable feeling of what nostalgia is or hold any firm perspectives with respect to how it
ought to be seen. Or on the other hand perhaps diverse individuals have clear however contradicting
perspectives. Some may trust nostalgia is a wonderful experience, while others may observe it to be
upsetting. Hepper, Ritchie, Sedikides, and Wildschut (2012) directed a progression of concentrates to answer
this inquiry in regards to lay originations of nostalgia. They particularly set out to build up regardless of
whether there is a general accord on what highlights portray nostalgia. They started their examination of this
issue with an investigation that included having research members create a pool of proto common highlights
of nostalgia. In particular, in a free-posting design, Hepper and groups educated members to burn through
five minutes posting the majority of the qualities also, highlights that depict and recognize nostalgia.

The objective of this underlying examination was to create a rundown of words or expressions that
individuals accept describe the experience of nostalgia and to sort out these qualities into a rundown of
unmistakable classes that could be used in ensuing examinations to decide the centrality of various highlights
to the nostalgia develop. All things considered, every member produced around eight highlights of nostalgia
in the free-posting errand. In this manner, the specialists assembled member reactions into unmistakable
classes. For instance, models, for example, "past", "old times", and "days gone by" were put into the
classification of "the past". Similarly, models, for example, "feelings", "emotions", and "sentimental" were put
in the class of "feeling". This coding procedure brought about the development of 35 particular classes which
appeared to comprehensively catch more broad subjects identified with memory, extraordinary emotional
states, connections, and oneself. The three most regularly used subjects were "memory/recollections", "the
past", and "bliss". The topic of social connections additionally showed up habitually in members' rundowns.

Additionally supporting the lay origination of what highlights are key to the experience of nostalgia,
members in the nostalgia composing condition evaluated focal includes as more connected with their memory
than members in the standard self-portraying memory condition. The two conditions, notwithstanding, did not
vary on the appraisals of fringe highlights. As it were, when individuals are considering their own background,
nostalgic recollections are probably going to contain the highlights that were beforehand dictated by an
autonomous gathering of individuals to be key to that idea.

In the last examination, Hepper and partners tried the potential for focal characteristics to be utilized
as a nostalgia acceptance. Test look into on nostalgia normally actuates nostalgia by unequivocally
requesting that members consider a nostalgic memory. Also, frequently, these directions are went with by a
lexicon meaning of nostalgia. Having built up proof for the centrality of particular highlights to the experience
of nostalgia, Hepper and partners needed to decide whether these highlights could be utilized to incite
nostalgia to a similar degree as the more express enlistment. That is, would nostalgia be able to be effectively
controlled without really utilizing the word nostalgia in the exploratory enlistment?

To test this plausibility, Hepper and partners introduced a few members with a rundown of focal highlights
and some with a rundown of fringe highlights and afterward taught members to infer a past occasion that was
described by at slightest five of these highlights. Members were likewise educated to circle the highlights
from the rundown that were applicable to their memory. There were two extra conditions. A few members
were given the more express and usually utilized nostalgia acceptance in which they were told to "Bring a
nostalgic" occasion in your life. In particular, attempt to think about a past occasion that makes you feel most
nostalgic" (Wildschut, Sedikides, Arndt, and Routledge, 2006). Finally, the remaining participants were in a
control condition and instructed to “bring to mind an ordinary event in your life. Specifically, try to think of a
past event that is ordinary”. In these latter two conditions, participants then spent a few minutes writing about
the event they brought to mind. Subsequently, all participants completed a face valid measure of state
nostalgia, e.g., “Right now I am feeling quite nostalgic” (Wildschut et al., 2006).

The outcomes showed that the focal highlights acceptance instigated nostalgia to comparative levels as
the unequivocal nostalgia acceptance. That is, these two unmistakable nostalgia conditions did not contrast
altogether in levels of initiated state nostalgia, be that as it may, the two conditions created levels of nostalgia
altogether higher than the fringe highlights acceptance and the customary occasion control condition.

There is a typical comprehension of the attributes and highlights that mirror the experience of nostalgia.
In spite of the fact that individuals may have a few one of a kind points of view on nostalgia, they have a
tendency to agree on its focal components. They are additionally ready to rapidly, with minimal cognizant
thought, recognize the focal attributes of nostalgia. What's more, when they see these components spoke to
in the recollections of others, they concur that these recollections are nostalgic in nature. Further, when they
think about their very own encounters of nostalgia, they recognize these focal qualities as intelligent of their
encounters. At long last, bringing to mind life occasions that contain these focal highlights creates Nostalgia.
Do individuals everywhere throughout the world have comparative perspectives on nostalgia? Hepper et al.
(2014) directed an investigation to address this inquiry. In this examination, more than 1,700 understudies
from colleges in 18 unique nations were given the rundown of the 35 prototypical highlights of nostalgia
recognized by Hepper et al. (2012) and requested to rate how firmly each element was identified with their
own perspective of nostalgia. Members were then requested to compose down recorded as one of the
highlights. It is important that these 18 nations comprehensively spoken to various districts and societies of
the world. They included Australia, Cameroon, Chile, China, Ethiopia, Germany, Greece, India, Ireland,
Israel, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Turkey, Uganda, the UK, and the US.

The outcomes from this multifaceted investigation gave proof to the all inclusiveity of lay originations of
nostalgia. Over the 18 distinct nations, there was solid concession to which highlights are pretty much
prototypical of nostalgia. Individuals everywhere throughout the world have a tendency to concede to what
is at the center of the nostalgic encounter. Also, when members were given the chance to list extra
highlights of nostalgia not effectively shrouded in the rundown they were given, almost 80 percent of
members did not list anything, proposing that they found the rundown sufficient in its portrayal of the idea of
nostalgia. Prepared coders inspected the words or expressions that were given and confirmed that as it
were around 6 percent did not fit well into one of the current 35 classifications. What's more, these
unclassifiable words or expressions originated from a scope of nations, however no single word or
expression was given by in excess of two members. So, the 35 highlights recognized by Hepper et al.
(2012) seemed to depict the idea of nostalgia enough and reliably crosswise over societies. Nostalgia is an
all around comprehend idea. In whole, laypeople are in understanding. They see nostalgia as a past-
situated encounter concentrated on affectionate recollections, regularly connected with adolescence and
youth.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

exposure to and consumption of

CARTOONS IN THE PAST CHILD AUDIENCES IN


THE PAST

The demographic of audience most attracted to cartoons


are young people (Ghilzai et. al., 2017)

CHILD AUDIENCES IN THE


VISUAL
NOSTALGIA PAST THAT ARE GROWN -
INTERPRETATION OF
UPS AT PRESENT
OLD CARTOONS

Nostalgia is triggered when objects serving as reminders of the


past is encountered (Routledge, 2016).

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Figure 1.1: Cartoon Visual Media Interpretation as Elicitor of Nostalgia

This study builds upon the by socioemotional selectivity theory (Carstensen,

Isaacowitz, and Charles, 1999), with propelling age individuals come to see their life expectancy as

constrained and move consideration from future situated, learning related objectives toward a longing to

discover reason furthermore, which means throughout everyday life, to appreciate imply kinships, and to be

installed in an informal organization. This raises two vital issues relating to Nostalgia. In the first place, are
such age-related changes in inspiration reflected in the recurrence and substance of Nostalgia? This

research aims to show nostalgia through cartoons that will give positive inputs to give individuals a chance

to experience their childhood again and to find purpose in life.

DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WORK

The artwork is a visual interpretation of cartoon characters in the past. It employs traditional drawing

as method, includes several cartoon characters in one medium, and therefore making a one-dimensional

collage. The inclusion of the cartoon characters will be based on the statistics from IMDB, a website that

provides ratings on television programs, including cartoons. Cartoons with highest ratings are included in the

artwork, under the assumption that many children were able to watch it in the past. In terms of time period,

cartoons considered are those that aired in the 90s and 2000s, following literature reviews analyzing the

trends in the quality of cartoons.

METHODOLOGY

The research is qualitative in nature, and generally employs secondary data analysis. It examines a

number of psychological studies about children’s exposure and consumption of cartoons. Essentially, the

study also reviews researches that focus on the experience of nostalgia for audiovisual media in general and

its implications. Materials that will be used in the study are retrieved from a variety of data sources, such as

website articles, educational videos and research journals, and are checked for their validity and credibility.

CREATION OF THE WORK

The method employed is traditional drawing. According to Kumar (2017), drawing is a type of visual
expression that is often conveyed in two-dimension; it is often an exploratory form of visual art created
through the use of paper, and a variety of different tools such as charcoal, colored pencils, pen and ink and
the like. The subjects of the drawing are not replicated from the original source but are rather interpreted in
new forms. The work will be a one-dimensional collage containing the interpretations of several cartoon
characters. Furthermore, the materials used are the following: (1) Hard copy paper (A4 size, 70 gsm); (2)
Pilot mechanical pencil H-165-SL-B 0.5; (3) Faber Castell colored pencils 24 color set; (4) Pilot ultra thin 24
color set, Staedler pencil ( H, HB); (5) Uni Pin fine line (0.5 and 0.05); (6) MRVY Drawing pen (0.5); (7) 12
inch ruler; (8) plain eraser; and (9) kneaded eraser. The drawing will also be digitally scanned for
reproduction.

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Ghilzai, Shazia & Alam, Rabia & Ahmad, Zubair & Shaukat, Amina & Shahum, Syeda & , Noor. (2017).
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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

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