CONCEPT
The MIS is an idea which is associated with man, machine, marketing and
methods for collecting information’s from the internal and external source and
processing this information for the purpose of facilitating the process of decision-
making of the business.
MIS is not new, only the computerization is new , before computers MIS
techniques existed to supply managers with the information that would permit
them to plan and control business operations. The computer has added on more
dimensions such as speed, accuracy and increased volume of data that permit the
consideration of more alternatives in decision-making process.
There are huge amount of information available to today’s manager and this had
therefore meant that managers are increasingly relying on management
information system to access the exploding information. Management
information services helps manager to access relevant, accurate, up-to-date
information which is the more sure way of making accurate decisions. It also helps
in automation and incorporation of research and management science techniques
into the overall management information system for example probability theory.
1 MIS ensure that appropriate and relevant data is collected from various sources,
processed and is sent further to the needy destination.
3. MIS satisfies the diverse need of various systems like query, Analysis, Modeling,
DSS.
processing level.
6 With good MIS support marketing, finance, production, and personal functions
increases
efficiently.
9 MIS bring clarity in communication and understanding this help in bringing high
degree of
professionalism.
Process of MIS
The process of MIS starts by knowing MIS objectives. The objectives of MIS should
be compatible with the company‟s objectives.
4. Decision
5. Implementation of plan
Planning
Organizing
Controlling
Directing
initiating operation
coordinating & directing
Staffing
IMPORTANCE OF MIS
It goes without saying that all managerial functions are performed through
decision-making; for taking rational decision, timely and reliable information is
essential and is procured through a logical and well structured method of
information collecting, processing and disseminating to decision makers. Such a
method in the field of management is widely known as MIS.
On the other hand, the MIS which is not adequately planned for analyzed,
designed, implemented or is poorly maintained may provide developed
inaccurate, irrelevant or obsolete information which may prove fatal for the
organization.
In other words, organizations today just cannot survive and grow without
properly planned, designed, implemented and maintained MIS. It has been well
understood that MIS enables even small organizations to more than offset the
economies of scale enjoyed by their bigger competitors and thus helps in
providing a competitive edge over other organizations.
The following are the most important reasons to have a good management
information system:
Despite decades of using various non-paper storage media, the amount of paper
in our offices continues to escalate. An effective records information system
addresses both creation control (limits the generation of records or copies not
required to operate the business) and records retention (a system for destroying
useless records or retiring inactive records), thus stabilizing the growth of records
in all formats.
It costs considerably less per linear foot of records to store inactive records in a
Data Records Center versus in the office. [Multiply that by 30% to 50% of the
records in an office that doesn't have a records management program in place],
and there is an opportunity to effect some cost savings in space and equipment,
and an opportunity to utilize staff more productively - just by implementing a
records management program.
To improve efficiency and productivity: Time spent searching
for missing or misfiled record is non-productive. A good records
management program (e.g. a document system) can help any
organization upgrade its recordkeeping systems so that information
retrieval is enhanced, with corresponding improvements in office
efficiency and productivity. A well designed and operated filing
system with an effective index can facilitate retrieval and deliver
information to users as quickly as they need it.
In today's business environment, the manager that has the relevant data first
often wins, either by making the decision ahead of the competition, or by making
a better, more informed decision. A good management information system can
help ensure that managers and executives have the information they need when
they need it.
An organization's files, records and financial data contain its institutional memory,
an irreplaceable asset that is often overlooked. Every business day, you create the
records, which could become background data for future management decisions
and planning.
A business office with files, documents and financial data askew, stacked on top
of file cabinets and in boxes everywhere, creates a poor working environment.
The perceptions of customers and the public, and "image" and "morale" of the
staff, though hard to quantify in cost-benefit terms, may be among the best
reasons to establish a good management information system.
The process of management requires a lot of data and information for execution
of the plan. This requirement arises on account of the fact in each step of
management, a variety of decisions are taken to correct the course of
development. The decisions or actions are prompted due to the feedback given
by the control system incorporated in the management system. The control of
overall performance is made possible by way of Budget Summarizes and reports.
The summary showing sales, costs, profit and return on investment throws light
on the direction the organization is moving to. The exception reports identify the
weaknesses tin the system of management.
Super Computer
These are the speediest computers compared with all other computers, which
have fast, amazing capacity or storage limit, expensive and require gigantic
space they are called as "Super Computer". They are accommodated in large
Air Conditioned room, some of them can take an entire building for its
installation.
Examples ::
PARAM 10000 which was developed in India by C-DAC ,Pune
IBM Deep Blue which was specially designed for playing chess
Tianhe-2 which was developed in china
Mainframe Computer
They are gigantic in size, quick, extremely costly and expensive they are not as
quick as the supercomputer but still, they are exceptionally costly.They are
planned and created to process incredible amount of information and data they
can execute million of guidelines or instruction per second and can store billions
of information or data. .
They can store and process tremendous amount of information accordingly it is
generally utilized and used as a part of educational organizations, railway
reservations, in a portion of the administration segment where bulk information
has to be saved, it is additionally used as a part of Insurance Sector.
They support more than 1000 remote computers and can work as a “HOST” for
different and multiple operating systems.
Examples ::
IBM Z890
Hitachi’s Z800
Mini Computer
They are called as "Midrange Computers" and were produced in 1960's
using transistor, center memory technology and innovation. They are quite
smaller in size, less expensive and speedier yet not as quick as a
mainframe or supercomputer, they are utilized or used as a part of private
company organizations, and in the production, department to monitor or
screen manufacturing process.
They help multi-client Operations and have a very difficult operating system to
deal with and can function as a "HOST" in a system where 100 terminals can
be supported. The effective and powerful minicomputer is called as "Super-
Minis".
Examples ::
VAX
Texas Instrument TI-990
Micro Computer
They are commonly called as “Personal Computer” [PC].They are the
smallest and the cheapest as compared with minicomputers, mainframe, and
super computers. Despite this they are widely used among people or end-user
client, due to their low in cost they are so small that they can be kept on a table
(PC) or even carry out in a bag (Laptop) or even in a Palm (Mobile Devices
).Their users are fastest growing users compared to other different types of
computers. They are designed primarily for single operation but still they can be
used as a “workstation” in computer networking.
Examples of Micro-Computers ::
Desktop Computers [PC]
Laptop
PDA | Palmtop
Tablet PC
Types of Hardware components
Cabinet Case
Motherboard
Ram
Hard Disk
CPU
SMPS (Switching Mode Power Supply)
Keyboard
Mouse
Monitors
Printers
Speaker etc
System Software
System software is any software which controls the hardware so that any
application software can run and can be executed to perform various task
mentioned by programmers.System software runs and executes programs, they
also monitor various other components of a computer system like CPU, primary
and secondary storages, and other peripheral devices of PC.
Some of the application SW are bind in together with other application software
such as MS-OFFICE SUITE comes with MS-Word, Excel, PowerPoint &
Access. And Adobe includes Adobe Photoshop and Image ready together.
Steps in Decision
Management
Planning A selection from various
alternatives - strategies, resources,
methods, etc.
Organization A selection of a combination out of
several combinations of the goals,
people, resources, method and
authority.
Staffing Providing a proper manpower
complement.
Directing Choosing a method from the
various methods of directing the
efforts in the organization.
Coordinating Choice of the tools and the
techniques for coordinating the
efforts for optimum results.
Controlling A selection of the exceptional
conditions and the decision
guidelines