MA541 : Real Analysis

Tutorial and Practice Problems - 6

Try all problems which are not marked ‘∗ ’. They may be left as
homework.

The metric on R is the usual metric, unless otherwise stated.

1. Let x0 be a point in a metric space (X, ρ). Define f : X → R by f (x) = ρ(x, x0 ). Show that f is
continuous. Is f uniformly continuous?

2. ∗ Suppose that a continuous function f : R → R satisfies f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) for all x, y ∈ R. Prove
that there is m ∈ R such that f (x) = mx for all x ∈ R.

3. Let X and Y be metric spaces and A a nonempty subset of X. Let f and g be continuous functions
from X into Y . If f (x) = g(x) for all x ∈ A, show that f (x) = g(x) for all x ∈ A.

4. Let X and Y be metric spaces and f : X → Y . Prove that the following are equivalent.
(i) f is continuous.
(ii) f −1 (G) is open in X, whenever G is open in Y .
(iii) f −1 (F ) is closed in X, whenever F is closed in Y .
(iv) f (A) ⊆ f (A) for every subset A of X.

5. (a) Show that composite of continuous functions on metric spaces is continuous.

(b) Let f : (X, ρ) → (Y, σ) be continuous, and x0 a point in X. Define g : X → R by

g(x) = σ(f (x), f (x0 )), x ∈ X.

(i) Show that g is continuous.

(ii) Show that if X is compact, then g is uniformly continuous.
(iii) Show that if X is compact, then there is x1 ∈ X such that g(x) ≤ g(x1 ) for all x ∈ X.

6. ∗ A metric space X is said to be connected, if X has no subset other than ∅ and X which is both open
and closed.
(a) Show that R is connected and its subspace Q is not connected. What are the maximal connected
subsets of Q?
(b) Suppose f : X → Y is continuous and X is connected. Show that f (X) is connected.
(c) Suppose f : R → R is continuous and f (R) ⊆ Q. What can you say about f ?

7. Show that a contraction mapping is uniformly continuous.

8. ∗ Let S be a nonempty set and X be the set of all bounded real valued functions defined on S. Let
ρ : X × X → R be defined by
ρ(u, v) = sup |u(s) − v(s)|.
s∈S

(a) Show that ρ is a metric on X.

(b) Suppose g : Rk → R be continuous and s1 , s2 , . . . , sk ∈ S. Show that the function f : X → R
defined by f (u) = g(u(s1 ), u(s2 ), . . . , u(sk )) is continuous.
(c) Define functions f : X → R, g : X → R by

f (u) = sup u(s), g(u) = inf u(s).

s∈S s∈S

Show that f, g are uniformly continuous.

1 of 1 BK Sarma, 12 Sept 2014, 20:36