GROUP 1 GE-2 PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Dr. Jose Rizal (June 19,1861-December 30,1896)

Was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during the tail end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. An
ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a writer and a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement which
advocated political reforms for the colony under Spain.
Studies: University of Sto.Tomas
Ateneo Municipal de Manila
Universidad Central de Madrid
Organization: La Solidaridad
La Liga Filipina
Spouse: Josephine Bracken (1896)
Parents: Francisco Mercado Rizal
Teodora Alonso Realonda
Cause of Death: Firing Squad
Works: El Filibusterismo, Noli Me Tangere, The Triumph of Science over death (Sculpture)

Primary source Secondary Source

One Hundred Letters of Jose Rizal to his Parents, Jose Rizal 1970
Brothers, Sisters, Relatives

Author’s background
Jose P. Apostol Pedro A. Gagelonia Ph.D
Description: Description:
- an author and editor with 8 works in 14 publications in - author and editor with 31 works in 86 publications in 2
2 languages and 64 library holdings languages and 529 library holdings
- genre in writing is history - genre: history biography quotations
- married to Marcelina de Los Reyes Apostol
- had a son named Cecilio Apostol
- 82 yrs old
- born on May 8, 1936
- currently lives in San Jose, CA

When the account was written

June 19, 1959 1970

Mention of dates
March 26, 1876- To his grandmother Basilia Baujon Y June 19, 1861 – Birth of Jose Rizal
leyva 1869 – mark the beginning of Jose Rizal formal
July 2, 1876 – To his sister and brother schooling in Laguna
July 27, 1880- To his brother Paciano 1872 – He easily qualified in entrance examination at
GROUP 1 GE-2 PHILIPPINE HISTORY
June 7, 1882 – To his parents
December 30, 1882 – To his sister Josefa
January 17, 1883 – To his brother in law Silvestre
Ubaldo
February 13, 1883 - To his brother Paciano
June 21, 1883 - To his brother and parents
July 20, 1883 - To his brother Paciano
November 21, 1883 - To his parents and brothers
August/September, 1885 - To his younger sisters
December 4, 1885 -To his parents and brothers
February 7, 1886 - To his sister Maria
February 16, 1888 - To his sister Trinidad
March 1, 1888 – To his parents and Brothers
April 29, 1888 – To his parents and SS “Belgic”
May 24, 1888- To his parents and brothers
May 16, 1889 – To his parents and brothers
December 1, 1891 – To his parents and brothers
October 1892 – To his sister Josefa
December 18, 1895 To his Mother from Dapitan
August 8, 1896 – To his mother on board the castila
September 7, 1896 – On board the Isla De Panay
Mention of Places
Spain
France
Germany
China
Hongkong
Japan
America
England
Cuba
Dapitan,Philippines
Colegio De San Juan De Latran
1879- Jose Rizal proved beyond doubt the fallacy of the
alleged superiority of Spaniards over the Indio
1882 – Rizal decided to continues to study abroad
June 21, 1884- He was awarded a degree as licentiate
Medicine
June 1885 – in his birthday he was awarded licentiate
in Philosophy with a rating of Sobresaliente (Excellent)
February 21, 1886 – He realized he wanted to write and
wrote his first novel “Finis”
March 1887 – Rizal’s “Noli Me Tangere was” released
June 27, 1887 – He went Rome
August 5, 1887 – Headed to Manila
February 28, 1888 – Rizal bid farewell to his love ones
and sailed abroad destined to America to Europe from
persecution
May 4, 1888 – Rizal reach San Francisco, California
May 16, 1888 – He left New York for England
1889-1890 – La liga Filipina Articles
 La Verdad Para Todos (The truth for all)
May 31, 1889
July 5, 1891 – Rizal and his friends, Jose Alejandrino
left Brussels for Ghent to search for a printer
September 18, 1891 – His second novel was finally
ready for circulation
October 18, 1891 – He boarded SS Melbourne for
Hong Kong established a Clinic
June 21, 1892 – Secret cased was filed at Manila
Against Rizal for Anti-Religion and Anti-Patriotic
Agitation
June 26, 1892 – Rizal and his Sister Lucia returned to
Manila not knowing that a trap was set for him. Four
days after he was arrested and deported to Dapitan
without the benefit of trial
December 18, 1895- Rizal decided to volunteer his
services as a physician in Cuba
December 30, 1896- Rizal was shot to death at
Bagumbayan field now Luneta
Cuba
France
Brussels,Germany
Bagumbayan field (Luneta)
America
San Francisco, California
New York
England
GROUP 1 GE-2 PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Isla de Panay, Philippines

Key Personalities
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
Paciano Parents:
Basilia Bauzon Y Leyva Teodora Alonzo Realonda Francisco Mercado
Trinidad Lucia
Maria Jose Alejandrino
Josefa
Law Silvestre
Parents:
Teodora Alonzo Realonda Francisco Mercado
Lucia

Sequencing of Events
Rizal in the Philippines (1876-1881) Pursuit of Studies of Rizal in Abroad
Rizal on his way to Spain (June, 1882) Rizal his study in Medicine and Philosophy
Rizal in Spain (1882-1883) Wrote First novel “Finis”
Rizal in France (1883) Condemned by the Spanish Government due to his
Rizal in Spain (1883-1885) work “Noli Me tangere”
Rizal in France (1885-1886) Established La Solidaridad accompanied by his
Rizal in Germany (1886-1887) Contemporaries
Rizal in China (1888) Wrote Second Novel “El filibusterismo”
Rizal in Japan (1888) Established Clinic in Hongkong
Rizal in America (1888) Cased was filed against Rizal in Manila
Rizal in England (1888) Rizal was arrested and deported to Dapitan
Rizal in France (1889) Decided to volunteer as a physician in Cuba
Rizal in China (1891) Shot to death at Bagumbayan Field (Luneta Park)
Rizal in Philippines (1892-1896)
Rizal on his way to Cuba (1896)

Difference Between Two Accounts

The primary source is a book compilation of the one hundred letters of Rizal’s letter for his parents, siblings,
relatives and religious figure while he was on his travel abroad. It was published by Philippine National Historical
Society and the compilation of letters are the original documents that were translated for historical accounts. The
secondary source is a biographical background of Rizal in which the events that transpired coincides with the
actual documents written and recorded through the letters of Rizal.

Own analysis of the differences between the two accounts

The primary source written first hand by Jose Rizal which later on became one of the basis of the secondary
sources. Example the letters and the dates when he travelled and to whom he was addressing his letters
In the primary source- 100 letters of rizal, you can sense how good a writer he is and how he speaks and puts
emotion to his writing, thus your own interpretation to his letters, whereas in the bibliography, he is already
described for the readers; has the author’s (biases and comments that supports the secondary source’s definition)
A heroic figures for his advocacy of Philippine independence in the late 19th century, was presented in through
the letters