BLOOD GROUP CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION

 ABO
9  AG
 GILL

 MNS 4
 PIPK 22
 KIDD 18
 DIEGO 17
 DOMBROCK 12
 GERBICH 2
 GLOBOSIDE 3
 JOHN MILTON HAGEN 15  BILANGIN ANG LETTERS NIYA, BALE 15 LAHAT!

 RH
 DUFFY
 SCIANNA 1  DuRCKS
 CROMER
 KNOPS
 LUTHERAN
19  OKHLLL (2X)
 LEWIS
 LANDSTEINER-WEINER
 H
 OK
 KELL
 YT 7  CoKellY (7 letters to!!)
 COLTON

 XG
X CHROMOSOME  XXX
 KX
 CHIDO/RODGERS
 I 6  RICh
 RH-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN
 INDIAN  INDIAN SI RAPH; Indian- 6 letters; Raph- 4 letters
11 → 6 + 4= 10 + 1 = 11
 RAPH

SOURCES OF SUBSTANCES FOR NEUTRALIZATION  ANTI-I  Human breast milk

 Hydatid cyst fluid
 ANTI-P1  Pigeon droppings MONITORING OF INSTRUMENTS OR EQUIPMENT
 Turtledoves’ egg whites  TRANSFUSION SERVICE
 Plasma/Serum  Mercury Thermometers  Annually
 ANTI-LEWIS
 Saliva  Heating blocks  Daily when in use
 ANTI-CHIDO; ANTI-RODGERS  Serum (contains complement)  Water baths  Daily when in use
 ANTI-Sda  Urine  Refrigerators and freezers  Daily
(continuous monitors) antigens

 Alarm activation (refrigerators Enhances

 Monthly  Kidd  IgG 37℃ AHG
and freezers) agglutination
 Platelet incubators (ambient Lu
a
IgM 4℃ Room temp
 Every 4 hours  Lutheran b
Variable effect
temperature storage) Lu
IgG 37℃ AHG
 Platelet incubators (enclosed,
 Daily Room temp,
monitored chambers) Most often 4 ℃ , Enhanced
 Lewis  IgM 37 ℃ and
Centrifuge sometimes 37℃ agglutination
AHG
 Speed timer  Quarterly IS and
Enhanced
 Temp (refrigerated)  Monthly  I  IgM 4℃ occasionally
agglutination
37℃
 Cell washers (sped, timer)  Quarterly
 IgM 4℃
 Blood warmers  Quarterly  P (Anti-P1
IS, 37℃ and Enhanced
AHG agglutination
 DONOR FACILITY )

 Donor unit agitators  Daily when in use  MNS

 Scales  Daily when in use  MN  IgM 4℃ or 37℃ IS, 37℃, AHG Destroys Ag’s

 Balances  Daily when in use  Ss  IgG 37℃ AHG Variable effect

 Hemoglobinometer  Daily when in use

.
 Microhematocrit centrifuge  Daily when in use
OPTIMAL
BLOOD GROUP ANTIBODY REACTION ENZYME
REACTION
SYSTEMS CLASS PHASE TREATMENT
TEMPERATURE

 Kell  IgG 37℃ AHG No effect

 Duffy  IgG 37℃ AHG Destroys


ANTIBODY CHARACTERISTICS
 Naturally occurring
 Clinically significant
 Warm antibodies
 Cold antibodies
 Usually only react in AHG
 Can react in any phase of testing
 Detection enhanced by enzyme
treatment of test cells
 Not detected with
treatment of test cells
 Enhanced by acidification
 Show dosage
 Bind complement
 Common cause of
response (delayed
reaction)
 Associated with PCH Anti-P
 Associated with CAD and M.
Anti-I
pneumoniae infections
 Associated with infectious
Anti-i
mononucleosis
BLOOD TRANSFUSION FILTERS FOR BLOOD COMPONENTS
ABO, Lewis, P1, MN, Lua 170-260 microns pore size
ABO, Rh,Kell, Duffy, Kidd,SsU Screen filter
FIRST GENERATION FILTERS
Standard blood filter - removes gross debris;
Rh, Kell,Duffy,Kidd
used for all blood components
M, N, P1
20-40 microns pore size
Kell, Duffy, Kidd Micropore screen filter
SECOND GENERATION FILTERS
Lewis Removes 75-90% of leukocytes;used only for
RBCs
Rh, Lewis, Kidd, P1
Adhesion
enzyme THIRD GENERATION FILTERS An adsorption filter; removes 99 to 99.9% of
M, N, Duffy leukocytes; used for both red cells and
platelets
M
Third generation filters use selective adsorption of leukocytes or leukocytes and platelets. They
Rh Other Than D, MNS, Duffy, Kidd are made of polyester or cellulose acetate and will produce a 2- to 4-log (more than 99.9%)
reduction of the WBC’s (<5 x 10 6th) or platelets or both. These filters provide a
ABO, I, Kidd, Lewis, P leukocyte-reduced product with normal shelf-life and meet the 85% retention of original
RBCs.
anamnestic Kidd
transfusion
 AGGLUTINATION REACTION IN GEL TEST
 Solid band of agglutinated red cells towards the top of the gel
4+ column. Usually no red cells are visible in the bottom of the
microtube.

 Predominat amount of agglutinated red cells towards the top

of the gel column with a few agglutinates staggered below
3+ the thicker band. The majority of agglutinates are observed in
the top half of gel column.

 Red cell agglutinates dispersed throughout the gel column

with few agglutinates at the bottom of the microtubes.
2+ Agglutinates should be distributed thorugh the upper and
lower halves of the gel.

 Red cell agglutinated predominantly observed in the lower

half of the gel column with red cells also in the bottom.
1+ These reactions maybe weak, with a few agglutinates
remaining in the gel area just above the red cell pellet in the
bottom of the microtube.

 Red cells forming a well-delineated pellet in the bottom of

Negative the microtube. The gel above the red cell pellet is clear and
free of agglutinates.

 Layer of red cell agglutinates at the top of the gel column

Mixed-field accompanied by a pellet of unagglutinated cells in the bottom
of the microtube.