The most basic feature of an Induction motor is its self starting mechanism.
Due to the rotating magnetic field, an emf is induced in the rotor, because of
which current starts flowing in the rotor. As per the Lenz law, the rotor will
start rotating in a direction so as to oppose the flow of electric current and this
gives a torque to the motor. Thus the motor gets self started.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Connection Of A 3 Phase Induction Motor Consists Of?
The rotor of the Induction motor contains cylindrical core with parallel slots
that contain conductors.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
What Problems Can Encounter During Motor Starting?
During the motor self starting period, torque increases and a large amount of
current flows in the rotor.
To achieve this the stator draws a large amount of current and by the time the
motor reaches its full speed
A large amount of current is drawn and coils get heated up, damaging the
motor.
One way is to reduce the applied voltage, which in turn reduces the torque.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
The Objectives of Star-Delta Technique Motor Starter are
Reduce high starting current and along these lines forestall motor from overheating.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Star Delta Starter:
In star delta starting, the motor is connected in STAR mode throughout the
starting period. When the motor reached the required speed, the motor is
connected in DELTA mode.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Main Components of a Star-Delta Starter
Contactors : The Star- Delta starter circuit comprises of three contactors: Main,
star and delta contactors.
Timer: The contactors are regulated by a timer incorporated with the started.
Interlock Switches: Interlock switches are connected between star and delta
contactors of the control circuit as a safety measure so one can’t activate delta
contactor without deactivating star contactor.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Working of Star-Delta Starter
At first the primary contactor and the star contactors are shut.
After a time interval the timer signs to the star contactor to head off to the
open position.
The primary, delta contactors to head off to the shut position, accordingly
structuring delta circuit.
At the time of starting, every stator stage gets voltage VL/v3, where VL is
the line voltage.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Since the torque advanced by an induction motor is corresponding to the square of the
applied voltage.
Star- delta starter decreases the starting torque to one- third of that possible by immediate
delta starting.
A timer in star delta starter for a 3-phase motor is intended to do the move from star mode.
Utilizing which the motor runs on a decreased voltage and current and produces less torque.
To the delta mode indispensible for running the motor at its full power.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Terminal Connections in Star and Delta Configurations
Star Configuration:
L1, L2 and L3 are the 3-phase line voltages, which are given to primary
contactor
In star mode of motor windings, the primary contactor associate the mains to
essential winding terminals U1, V1 and W1.
The star contactor shorts the auxiliary winding terminals U2, V2 and W2
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Star Configuration:
The timer is initiated in the meantime moment when star contactor is energized.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
The point when delta contactor closes.
The motor winding terminals U2, V2 and W2 get associated with V1, W1 and
U1 individually through the shut contacts of primary contactor.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Induction Motor Winding Terminals Connected in Star
and Delta Configuration
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Types of Star Delta Starter
Open
Close
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
In this strategy motor windings are open throughout the transition time of
altering the windings from a star mode with a delta mode.
The star-delta open move starter uses 3 motor contactors and a move delay relay.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Star Delta Open Transition Starter
Merits:
Open transition starter is very easy to implement in terms of cost and circuitry.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Star Delta Open Transition Starter
Demerits:
Electrically, the outcome of the momentary peaks in current could cause force
vacillations or misfortunes.
Mechanically, the expanded torque coming about because of the current spike
could be sufficient to harm system components i.e. snap a drive shaft.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Star Delta Closed Transition Starter:
The transfer from the star to delta modes is made without disengaging motor
from the line.
The transition resistors consume the present stream throughout the winding
changeover.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Star Delta Closed Transition Starter:
Merit:
There is a reduction in the incremental current surge, which results from transition.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Star Delta Closed Transition Starter:
Demerit:
The control circuit is more complicated due to the need to carry out resistor
switching.
The added circuitry leads to significant rise in the cost of the installation.
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Block Diagram
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Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase
Induction Motor
Formula
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