NIOEC-SP-10-06(0)

DOCUMENT CODE NO. OF SHEETS: 17

PLAN/PRJ/SUB UNIT CODE PHASE DISCIPLANE DOCUMENT TYPE SERIAL NO. REV. NO. DATE
NIOEC 000 EG CE SP 1006 A0 JULY 2005

NATIONAL IRANIAN OIL REFINING & DISTRIBUTION COMPANY

NATIONAL IRANIAN OIL ENGINEERING
& CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

NIOEC SPECIFICATION
FOR

GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF ROADS

AND ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVING

FIRST EDITION

JULY, 2005

THIS SPECIFICATION IS THE PROPERTY OF NATIONAL IRANIAN OIL ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION COMPANY. IT IS CONFIDENTIAL AND ALL RIGHTS
RESERVED TO THE OWNER. NEITHER WHOLE NOR ANY PART OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE DISCLOSED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, REPRODUCTED, STORED
IN ANY RETRIEVAL SYSTEM OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE NATIONAL
IRANIAN OIL ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION COMPANY.
MARCH, 2005 NIOEC-SP-10-06 ( 0 )
 JULY, 2005 NIOEC-SP-10-06(0)

REVISION INDEX
REV. REV. REV. REV.
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
PAGE PAGE PAGE PAGE
1 26 51 76
2 27 52 77
3 28 53 78
4 29 54 79
5 30 55 80
6 31 56 81
7 32 57 82
8 33 58 83
9 34 59 84
10 35 60 85
11 36 61 86
12 37 62 87
13 38 63 88
14 39 64 89
15 40 65 90
16 41 66 91
17 42 67 92
18 43 68 93
19 44 69 94
20 45 70 95
21 46 71 96
22 47 72 97
23 48 73 98
24 49 74 99
25 50 75 100

NOTES:

1) THIS SHEET IS A RECORD OF ALL REVISIONS TO THIS SPECIFICATION.

2) REMARKS RELATED TO EACH REVISION SHOW A BRIEF DESCRIPTION. THESE REMARKS SHALL BE
INTERPRETED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE REVISED TEXT MARKED BY REVISION NUMBERS.
3) WHEN APPROVED EACH REVISION SHALL BE CONSIDERED AS A PART OF THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENT.
4) NUMBER OF PAGES EXCLUDES THIS SHEET AND THE COVER SHEET.

1
0 JULY, 2005 S.M.J.SEYEDI M.R.FARZAM M.A.A.SAJEDI
REV. DATE PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED AUTHORIZED

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CONTENTS: PAGE NO.

1 . SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................4
2. REFERENCES......................................................................................................................4
3. UNITS ....................................................................................................................................4
4. TYPES OF ROADS AND STREETS .................................................................................5
4.1 CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS AND STREETS.........................................................5
5. PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS ..............................................................................5
5.1 GENERAL FACTORS.....................................................................................................5
5.2 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................6
6. DESIGN SPEED ..................................................................................................................6
7. DESIGN VEHICLES...........................................................................................................6
7.1 MINIMUM TURNING PATHS OF DESIGN VEHICLES..........................................6
8. ELEMENTS OF DESIGN ..................................................................................................7
8.1 DESIGN RELATED TO VERTICAL ALIGNMENT..................................................7
8.2 DESIGN RELATED TO HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT ...........................................9
9. CROSS SECTION ELEMENTS ........................................................................................9
9.1 PAVEMENT.....................................................................................................................9
9.2 ROAD AND STREET WIDTH ....................................................................................10
9.3 EROSION CONTROL..................................................................................................11
9.4 DRAINAGE....................................................................................................................11
9.5 SIDE SLOPES................................................................................................................11
10. TRAFFIC CONTROL AND LIGHTING ......................................................................12
10.1 LIGHTING....................................................................................................................12
10.2 POLE LOCATIONS IN OPEN AREAS.....................................................................12
10.3 POLE LOCATION IN BUILT-UP AREAS...............................................................12
10.4 MOUNTING HEIGHTS ..............................................................................................13
10.5 GUARD RAILS.............................................................................................................13
11. SIDEWALKS ................................................................................................................13

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12. CONSTRUCTION OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVED ROADS, DRIVE WAYS

AND PARKING AREAS ................................................................................................14
12.1 SUBGRADE AND SUB-BASE ....................................................................................14
12.2 BASE COURSE ............................................................................................................14
12.3 ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVING.........................................................................15
13. TESTING RESPONSIBILITIES ....................................................................................18

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1 . SCOPE

NIOEC specifications cover the general requirements for detailed engineering,

procurements, testing inspection & construction of refinery/ oil plant, distribution depots,
pump stations and pipelines.

- This specification includes:

a) Geometric design of roads and streets

b) Preparation of existing surface to the proper compaction, elevation and shape to receive
base course or paving.

c) Crushed stone base course only for those areas as indicated on the drawings.

d) Asphaltic concrete road, walkways and area paving.

Asphaltic concrete road, walkway and area paving shall be installed in accordance with
lines, grades, typical cross sections and details shown on the plan and detail drawings.

2. REFERENCES

Throughout this standard the following dated and undated standards/ codes are referred to.
These referenced documents shall, to the extent specified herein, form a port of this
standard.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
supplements and amendments) applies. For dated references, the edition cited applies.
The applicability of changes in dated references that occur after the cited date, shall
mutually be agreed upon by NIOEC and the vendor/contractor

NIOEC-SP ( NIOEC-SPECIFICATION )
NIOEC-SP-00-10 " NIOEC Specification for Units "
ASTM (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TESTING AND MATERIALS)

ASTM (M 57-80)- D 1557 02el " Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil "

AASHTO (AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND

TRANSPORTATION OFFICIAL)

AASHTO M 147-65 " Base Course "

AASHTO M 57-80 " Material for Backfilling "

3. UNITS
International system of units (SI) shall be used in accordance with NIOEC-SP-00-10,
unless otherwise specified.

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4. TYPES OF ROAD AND STREET

4.1 Classification of Roads and Streets

Roads and Streets of Iranian Petroleum Industries are classified by location and function
as follows:

4.1.1 Location
- Roads are traffic arteries outside of built-up areas.
- Streets are traffic arteries within built-up areas.
4.1.2 Function
a) Major streets or primary roads
The function of these roads or main traffic arteries is to serve or connect the
main functional areas of a petroleum installation.
They are capable of carrying the largest volume of traffic and the heaviest types
of vehicles anticipated.
b) Secondary streets or secondary roads
These streets or roads supplement the main system by providing access within
each functional area. Secondary streets and roads are capable of carrying a
moderate volume of medium-weight traffic with the occasional passage of
maximum weight vehicles.
c) Lesser streets or tertiary roads
These streets and roads provide for traffic to individual buildings or groups of
buildings or patrolling road within functional areas.
They are capable of carrying a moderate volume of light-weight traffic.

5. PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
Before designing roads and streets of any classification the following factors should be
considered.

5.1 General Factors

a) Coordination with the master development plan.
b) Funds available.
c) Topography and physical features of the area.(For more detailed information refer to
IPS E-CE-110, "Soil Engineering").
d) Cost of alternative road designs.
e) Climatic conditions.
Special consideration shall be given to design for protection of subgrades and
shoulders in typhoon areas.

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f) Required life expectancy.

The expectancy must be comparable to the useful life of a served facility. Usually the
design year is about 20 years from the date of completion of construction but may
range from the current year to 20 years depending on the nature of the improvement.

5.2 Specific Requirements

In addition to the above general factors, the following surveys, studies, and explorations
should be conducted, as required:
- Reconnaissance survey
- Preliminary survey
- Location survey
- Traffic estimate
- Weight and size considerations
- Subsurface conditions.

6. DESIGN SPEED
For general information on design speeds, the following preliminary factors should be
considered:

a) Streets
A maximum speed of 50 km/h shall be considered as the design speed for all major
and secondary streets, even when the posted speed will be considerably less.
b) Roads
A maximum speed of 80 km/h shall be considered as the design speed for all major
and secondary roads, even when the posted speed will be considerably less.

7. DESIGN VEHICLES
Two general classes of vehicles have been selected, namely, passenger cars and trucks. The
passenger car class includes compacts and subcompacts plus all light vehicles and light
delivery trucks (vans and pickups). The truck class includes single-unit trucks, buses, truck
tractor-semitrailer combinations, and trucks or truck tractors with semitrailers in combination
with full trailers.
The dimensions for two design vehicles representing vehicles within these general classes are
given in Table 1. In the design of any highway facility the largest design vehicle likely to use
that facility with considerable frequency or a design vehicle with special characteristics that
must be taken into account in dimensioning the facility is used to determine the design of such
critical features as radii at intersections and radii of turning roadways.

7.1 Minimum Turning Paths of Design Vehicles

The principal dimensions affecting design are the minimum turning radius, the tread width,
the wheelbase, and the path of the inner rear tire. Effects of driver characteristics (such as
the rate at which the driver approaches centripetal acceleration) and of the slip angles of
wheels are minimized by assuming that the speed of the vehicle for the minimum radius

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(sharpest) turn is less than 16 km/h.

The minimum turning radii and the transition lengths shown are for turns at less than 16
km/h. Higher speeds lengthen the transition curves and require larger radii than the
minimums. The dimensions and turning characteristics for passenger car and large
semitrailer "Double bottom" are given in Table 1 and Table 2.

TABLE 1 - DESIGN VEHICLE DIMENSIONS

DIMENSIONS (m)
DESIGN VEHICLE OVERALL OVERHANG
SYMBOL ** * *
TYPE HEIGHT WIDTH WB1 WB2
FRONT REAR
LENGTH
Passengercarlarge
P 2.1 5.7 0.9 1.5 3.3 ---
semitrailer "double
WB-50 4.25 2.6 16.5 0.9 0.6 6.0 9.0
bottom"

* WB1 and WB2, are effective vehicle wheel bases.

** Overall height is used as a basis for vertical clearance. Vertical clearance at under passes
should be at least 4.10 m over the entire roadway width, to which up to 0.15 m should be
added to allow for future resurfacing.

TABLE 2 - MINIMUM TURNING RADII OF DESIGN VEHICLES

DESIGN VEHICLE PASENGER SEMI TRAILER
TYPE CAR COMBINATION (LARGE)
Symbol P WB-50
Minimum turning
7.3 13.7
radius, (m)
Minimum inside
4.66 6.0
radius, (m)

8. ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

8.1 Design Related to Vertical Alignment

8.1.1 General

The followings must be carefully considered:

1) Good correlation with horizontal alignment.
2) Provision of adequate sight distance over all crests.
3) Avoidance of very short sag vertical curves.
4) Avoidance of a short grade between two crests or two sag curves.
5) Avoidance of short drop immediately before a long upgrade.
6) Avoidance of the combination of two vertical curves in the same direction (they should
normally be placed by a single vertical curve).

8.1.2 Stopping sight distance

This is the distance required for safe vehicle operation, when opposite-direction
traffic is not involved in passing operations. The minimum distance should be
sufficient at the design speed for perception and brake-reaction time and for bringing
the vehicle to a stop. Minimum stopping sight distance for specified design speed
should be as shown in Table 3.
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TABLE 3 - MINIMUM STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE

STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE

DESIGN SPEED (km/hr)
(m)

50 65

80 120

8.1.3 Passing sight distance

Passing sight distance is the distance required to allow safe overtaking at design
speed in the face of on-coming traffic. The minimum passing sight distance for
specified design speed should be as shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 - MINIMUM STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE

DESIGN SPEED (km/hr) STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE (m)
50 250
80 520
* Passing sight distance is measured from driver’s eye 1.14 m above the pavement to the
top of an object 1.37 m on the pavement.

8.1.4 Minimum length of vertical curve in sags

Minimum length of vertical curve in sag to maintain the safe stopping distances for
specified design speeds should be in accordance with Table 5.

TABLE 5 - MINIMUM LENGTH OF VERTICAL CURVES IN SAG

MINIMUM LENGHT OF VERTICAL CURVE (m)
DESIGN
SPEED A=2 A=4 A=6 A=8 A=10 A=12 A=14 A=16
(km/hr)
30 30 43 63 90 110 132 133 180
80 45 90 140 183 230 273 330 363
A = Algebraic difference in grades, %

8.1.5 Maximum grades and Lengths

Maximum grades and lengths of grades to be used in different class of roads shall
be in accordance with Table 6.
TABLE 6 - MAXIMUM GRADES AND GRADE LENGTHS
MAXIMUM GRADE MAXIMUM GRADE
CLASSIFICATION
% LENGTH (m)
Paved road 8 300
Unpaved road 10 200

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8.2 Design Related to Horizontal Alignment

8.2.1 Horizontal alignment
In the design of road or street curves it is necessary to establish the proper relation
between design speed and curvature and their joint relations with superelevation.
Table 7 shows these relations.

TABLE 7 - RELATION BETWEEN DESIGN SPEED AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF

HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT
MINIMUM
MINIMUM
RADIUS MAXIMUM
APPROACH
DESIGN SPEED OF SUPERELEVATION
LENGTH FOR
(km/hr) HORIZONTAL LIMIT
SUPERELEVATION
CURVE (%)
(m)
(m)
30 80 40 7
80 220 33 7

8.2.2 Sight distance on horizontal curve

Where there are sight obstructions (such as walls,cut slopes, buildings, and
guardrail under certain conditions) on the inside of curves, a design to provide
adequate sight distance may require adjustment in the normal road crosssection or
change in alignment if the obstruction cannot be removed.
Table 8 shows the required stopping sight distances and lateral clearance to
obstruction for specified design speed and radiuses.

TABLE 8 - STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE ON HORIZONTAL CURVE

STOPPING
RADIUS OF LATERAL
DESIGN SPEED SIGHT
CURVATURE CLEARANCE
(km/hr) DISTANCE
(m) (m)
(m)
30 83 33 60
80 230 33 103

8.2.3 Pavement widening on curves

Pavements on curves are widened to make operating conditions on curves
comparable to those on tangents. For curves of less than 170 meter length the
widening width should be 500 mm. For curves of more than 170 meter length, the
widening of pavement is eliminated.
9. CROSS SECTION ELEMENTS

9.1 Pavement
See Clause 12 Construction of As phltic Concrete Pared Roads for the design of flexible
pavements as well as unpaved roadways.

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9.1.1 Crowns or cross slopes

For drainage of pavement, the road surface must have a cross slope. Two-lane
pavements on tangent or on flat curves have a crown or high point in the middle and
slope downward toward both edges. Where pavements are designed on tangent, the
values in the ranges of cross slopes in Table 9 should be used.

TABLE 9 - RATE OF PAVEMENT CROSS SLOPES

CARRIAGEWAY SHOULDER
CROSS CROSS
SURFACE TYPE
SLOPE SLOPE
% %
Paved road
1.5 to 2.5 3
(flexible pavement)
Unpaved road (rig
3.5 to 4.5 ---
road)

9.2 Road and Street Width

The width to be adopted in the design of roads should be closely related to classification of
road. For roads outside of fenced areas the width should be in accordance to Table 10.

9.2.1 Shoulder cross slopes

Shoulders are important links in the lateral drainage systems, to rapidly drain surface
water. The amount of shoulder cross slopes are given in Table 10.

TABLE 10 - ROAD WIDTHS

SHOULDER
CARRIAGEWAY SHOULDER
ROAD WIDTH
WIDTH CROSS-SLOPE
CLASSIFICATION AT BOTH SIDES
(m) (PERCENT)
(m)
Asphalt paved
7.5 1.5 4
primary road
Asphalt paved
5.5 0.75 3
secondary road
Rig road 7 --- ---
For streets inside of fenced areas the widths should be in accordance with Table 11.

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TABLE 11 - STREET WIDTHS

SHOULDER
CARRIAGE
WIDTH AT
WAY WIDTH
BOTH SIDES
(m)
(m)
3 0.75
6 0.75
8 0.75

9.3 Erosion Control

Shoulders and side slopes should be adequately protected against erosion by the development
of a firm turf growth. This should be accomplished by the use of natural grass under
favorable climatic and soil conditions. Shoulders could be stabilized by a light bituminous
treatment, if subjected to excessive vehicular usage in dry climatic conditions.

9.4 Drainage
Drainage channels perform the vital function of collecting and conveying surface water from
the road right-of-way. Drainage channels, therefore, should have adequate capacity for the
design run-off; should provide for unusual storm water with minimum damage to the road,
and should be located and sloped to avoid creating a hazard to traffic.
Where the topography of region permits roadside channels built in earth should have side
slopes of 4:1 (horizontal to vertical) or flatter, having a rounded bottom with minimum width
of 1.2 m.
Rounded slopes of side and ditch bottoms of channels reduce the chance of an errant vehicle
becoming airborne, thereby increasing the safety of channels. When saturation of the
subgrade is limited, the minimum grade for unpaved channels should be about 0.5 percent. In
areas with steep channels, they should be lined.
9.5 Side Slopes
In general, side slopes shall be as flat as possible and rounded to the practicable extent within
grading limits.

9.5.1 Design
Side slopes shall be 4:1 or flatter where feasible and not steeper than 2:1, except in rock
excavation or other special conditions.
Effective erosion control, low cost maintenance, and adequate drainage of the subgrade
largely are dependent on proper shaping of the side slopes. Table 12 shows what kind
of slopes are used as a general basis for design of earth side slopes.

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TABLE 12 - GUIDE FOR EARTH SIDE SLOPES

HEIGHT OF DESIRABLE EARTH SLOPE, HORIZONTAL TO
CUT OR FILL VERTICAL, FOR TYPE OF TERRAIN
(m) FLAT OR MODERATELY
STEEP
ROLLING STEEP
0 - 1.0 6:1 4:1 4:1
1.2 - 3.0 4:1 3:1 2:1
3 - 4.5 3:1 5:2 7:4
4.5 - 6.0 2:1 2:1 3 : 2*
OVER 6.0 2:1 3 : 2* 3 : 2*
* Slopes 2:1 or steeper should not be used for clay or silty soils.

10. TRAFFIC CONTROL AND LIGHTING

For detailed information about traffic control devices, and marking and posting roads and
streets refer to AASHTO’s "A Poliy on Geometric Design of Rural Highways".

10.1 Lighting
Wherever specified by AR* provide roadside lighting at the following critical areas:
- Channelized road intersection and interchanges.
- Pedestrian cross walks.
- Long bridges.
* AR = Authorized Representative of the Owner.
- Tunnels and bridges of substantial length.
- Areas with roadside interference.
- Railroad crossings.
- Built-up areas.

10.2 Pole Locations in Open Areas

Pole locations shall be according to the following restrictions:
- Clear of shoulders, 4.5 m or more from the edge of pavement.
- A minimum distance of 3 m. from traffic lanes.
- A minimum distance of 1.8 m from safety curbs.
- Located in median strips where the width is a minimum of 6 m.

10.3 Pole Location in Built-up Areas

Set poles a minimum of 0.6 m from edge of pavement. Poles should be installed outside
of shoulder or footpath curb.

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10.4 Mounting Heights

Mounting heights shall be a minimum of 7.5 m in open areas, and a minimum of 6.0 m
in built- up areas.

10.5 Guardrails
For use of guardrails see AASHTO’s "A Policy on Geometric Design of Rural Highways".

11. SIDEWALKS
Justification of sidewalks in rural areas depends upon the volume of pedestrian and vehicular
traffic, their relative timing, and the speed of vehicular traffic.
Sidewalks are accepted as integral part of streets, but few are provided in roads.
Sidewalks shall be laid parallel to streets and as walkways to building entrances, and shall be
provided in accordance with operational and/or pedestrian traffic requirements. Walkways
adjacent to and between buildings, and other facilities in built-up areas, generally are
accepted as integral parts of these areas.
a) Walkways
Walkways along roads in open areas, between certain isolated locations, can be as
necessary as in built-up areas. The need for walkways should be determined in
accordance with the criteria shown in Table 13

TABLE 13 - RELATION BETWEEN PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR TRAFFIC

PEDESTRIANS PER DAY WHEN
VEHICULAR TRAFFIC VEHICLE
(DHV) DESIGN SPEED IS
50-80 (km/h)
Sidewalk, one side:
30 to 100 ..................... 150
More than 100 ................ 100
Sidewalk, both sides:
50 to 100 .................... 500
More than 100 ................ 300

b) Location of sidewalks
Sidewalks shall be set 1.5 m or more back from curb lines, except at parking and
unloading areas. For those areas, sidewalks shall be placed adjacent to the curb, and
widened as necessary to satisfy operational requirements.
c) Cross slope
Allow 2 percent in the direction of natural drainage.
d) Widths
Allow 0.60 m for each pedestrian traffic lane, with a minimum walk width of 1.2 m.
Actual width of walks shall be determined as shown in Table 14.

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TABLE 14 - RELATION BETWEEN PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC AND WIDTH OF

SIDEWALK
PEDESTRIANS WIDTH
(PER HOUR) (m)
Up to 100 1.2
The width of a planted strip between the sidewalk and travelway, if provided, should be
a minimum of 0.60 m to allow maintenance activities.
e) Grades
The use of steps in walkways shall be avoided, if possible. Single risers, in particular,
are hazardous and are prohibited. When steps are required they should have a
minimum of three risers. Grade limitations are:
- Minimum allowable: none, flat grades are permissible
- Maximum allowable: 5 percent, however, 6 percent maximum is preferred.
Build steps for steeper grade.
f) Ditch crossings
Where sidewalks cross open drainage channel hold the underside of the walkway above
the design high water surface.

12. CONSTRUCTION OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVED ROADS, DRIVE WAYS

AND PARKING AREAS

12.1 Subgrade and sub-base

The existing subgrade or sub-base shall be prepared as set forth in Specification SP-
2259-00-2, Site Preparation. If the roadway, driveway, walkway or parking area is to be
constructed on fill material, such fill must be compacted to satisfy the requirements for
subgrade of roads.

12.2 Base Course

12.2.1 General the base course layer which should be designed for thickness on the basis
of traffic condition and the subgrade properties, should consist of crushed stone
uniformly compacted to at least 95% of the max dry density obtainable at
optimum moisture content determined in accordance with A.S.T.M. D 1557 ozel
specification .
Uniformly compacted to at least 95٪of the max dray density obtainable at
optimum moisture content determined in accordance with ASTM D 1557 02 e1
specification

12.2.2 Materials

The materials for base course shall be crushed stones according to the
requirements of A.A.S.H.T.O M147-65 and A.A.S.H.T.O M57-80

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12.2.3 Mixing and placing Base Course

a) The materials for the base course shall be proportioned by weight and shall be
within the following limits: Coarse aggregate (including 3 to 8% moisture)-20%
to 40%.
Fine aggregate (including 3 to 6% moisture)-60% to 80% Water---------as
required for workability.
Moisture of aggregates, in excess of limits shown, shall not be included in weight
of aggregates.

b) All aggregates shall be mixed in an approved pug mill type of mixer with a
capacity of not less than 2 metric tons. The number of blades and their positions
shall be such as to produce a thoroughly uniform mix without segregation.
c) The dry aggregates shall be placed in the mixer first and thoroughly mixed for a
minimum period of 25 seconds. After the water is added the mixing shall continue
for 1.5 minutes or longer as required for proper distribution of all materials.
Samples shall be drawn periodically, as directed, for inspection by the Contractor.
d) Mixed material shall be delivered to the jobsite in trucks of equal capacity,
dumped in windrows as directed, and immediately spread and power-rolled to
maximum compaction and to uniform thickness and shape, so that the compacted
base course will correspond to thickness, elevations and profiles indicated on the
drawings. The allowable tolerance for unevenness shall not exceed 12 millimeters
measure with a 3 meter straightedge. Uneven areas shall be completely cut and
reworked as above.

12.3 Asphaltic Concrete Paving

12.3.1 General. The asphaltic concrete paving for roads, driveways, walkways and parking
lots should be designed for total thickness of binder course and surface course on the
basis of the traffic conditions and the sub grade properties. The minimum combined
thickness for binder and surface course shall be 10 cm for roads and driveways and
7.5 cm. for walkways. Each course shall be composed of a mixture of mineral
aggregate and bituminous material applied hot on the prepared base. The asphaltic
concrete mixtures, proportions, materials mixing plant, mixing plant operation,
sampling and testing shall conform to the requirements set forth in ASTM,
Designation D-1663-76 and as hereinafter specified.
Uniformly compacted to at least 95٪of the max dray density obtainable at optimum
moisture content determined in accordance with ASTM D 1557 02 e1 specification

12.3.2 Materials concrete. for asphallic concrete

Aggregate shall consist of crushed stone, sand and mineral filler. The crushed stone
shall be tough and rough surfaced, free from excessive dust and free from flat or
elongated pieces. The sand shall consist of clean river dune or quarry sand and shall
be composed of non-absorbent sharp particles. The mineral filler shall consist of dry
stone dust. The max. Size of aggregate shall be 3/4 for binder course with thickness
greater than 3 cm and 1/2” for surface course.

The grading of aggregate shall be as follows:

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(a) U.S. Sieve Size Sieve Opening Percent Passing:

(in MM) by weight
1/2 inch 12.7 100
3/8 inch 9.525 84-100
3/16 inch 4.763 61-74
No.25 0.596 27-38
No.100 0.149 10-17
No.200 0.074 4- 8

b)Asphalt cement shall have a penetration of 60 to 70 at 20°C when needle is loaded

with 100 grams and the load is applied for 5 seconds according to the ASTM test
method D4, The asphalt content shall be 5 to 7. 5% by weight of total mix as required
by the Employer.

12.3.3 Physical properties of the mixture.

a) Compacted specimens of the mixture, either prepared at the mixing plant during
construction or in the laboratory, shall conform to the following properties:

1. The stability value at 60°C shall not be less than 227kg. (500 pounds).

2. The flow value, when measured in 0.01 graduations, shall be not less than 8, nor
more than 18.
3. The percentage of theoretical density shall be not less than 92 nor more than 97.

b) Stability and flow shall be determined by the Marshall Method as outlined in ASTM
Designation – D1559-76

12.3.4 Transportation and delivery of the mixture.

The bituminous mixture, heated and prepared as specified, shall be transported from the
mixing plant to the site of the work in vehicle cleaned of all foreign material and having
tight and oiled bodies. Each truck load shall be tarpaulin covered of required by the
Employer.

a) Suitable means shall be taken to protect the materials so that it will arrive at the site
b) of work in good condition and at a temperature of from 120°C to 165°C.

12.3.5 Construction methods.

a) All surfaces to be paved shall be completed for the full width of the roadway or area
prior to the application of the mixture.

b) Before constructing the binder course a prime coat of MC-250 cut-back Asphalt shall
be applied to the surface over the full area to be paved at the rate of 2 kg (2.5 liters)
per square meter of the surface and permitted to remain undisturbed for a period of
not less than 24 hours. The cut-back shall be applied at temperatures between 40°C
and 80°C.

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c) Before placing the surface course a tack coat of Cutback Asphalt shall be applied on
the binder course over the full area to be paved. If, however, the existing surface is
free from dirt and presents a uniform appearance, approval may be obtained to
eliminate the tack coat.

d) The paving courses shall not be applied until the prime or tack coat is dry and will
not “pick up” under traffic. In an event a course is opening to traffic during or after
compaction and has received a coating of mud prior to priming operations, all such
material shall be removed by sweeping and/or blowing, or such other means as may
be necessary to restore the course to an acceptable condition for primary.

e) The bituminous mixture and materials shall not be applied on a wet base, nor when
the weather is foggy or rainy. Application shall not be made when the temperature in
the shade is below 5°C and descending. Approval for scheduling the paving
operations must be obtained from the Employer.

f) Spreading and Finishing: Upon arrival at the point of use, the mixture shall be spread
and struck-off to the profile grade, elevation and cross-section indicated on the plans
for each course. For this purpose, self-powered spreading and finishing equipment
provided with a screed or strike-off assembly shall be used, distributing the material
to the width practicable. Blade graders or drags shall not be used. The material shall
be laid to give the proper cross-section, and the spreading machine shall be capable
of placing the weight per square meter of surfacing material required.

g) Compaction: The mixture, as soon after it is spread as it will bear the roller without
under displacement or hair cracking, shall be rolled in two stages, first with a 6 ton
roller and then with a 10 ton roller to a finished thickness of not less than 10
centimeters. The period clasped between two rolling shall be between 0 to 4 hours
depending to site temperature at the time of placement;
Roller wheels shall be equipped with scraping and sprinkling devices and shall be
kept properly moistened without excess oil or water. Rolling shall start at the sides
and proceed toward the center. Each trip of the roller shall overlap the previous trip
by at least 30 cm. Alternate trips of the roller shall be of slightly different lengths.
The speed of the roller shall not exceed 5 kilometers per hour. Rolling shall be
continued until no impression is made thereby on the surface. Mechanical tampers
shall be used for compacting in locations inaccessible to the roller.

h) Construction Joints: The placing of the mixture shall be as nearly continuous as

possible, and the roller shall pass over the unprotected end of the freshly laid mixture
only when the laying of the course is discontinued for such a length of time as to
permit the mixture to become chilled. In such cases, when the work is resumed, the
previously laid material shall be cut back so as to produce a slightly beveled edge for
the full thickness of the course. After removal of the old material thus disturbed, the
edge shall be coated with a tack coat and the mixture laid against the fresh cut. Hot
smoothing irons shall be used for sealing the joints.

i) Forms: The use of forms will not be required. However, the edges of the pavement
shall be accurately aligned by the use of string or wire lines or any other suitable
approved method.

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j) Protection of Pavement: Sections of the pavement shall be protected from traffic

until properly cooled and all traffic shall be excluded from the newly laid mixture
until 12 hours after completion of the rolling.

12.3.6 Surface tolerances of paving

a) The surface course shall be tested by a crown template and by 1 meter and 3 meter
straight edges applied at right angles and parallel, respectively, to the center line of
the roadbed. The variation of the surface from the testing edge of the crown template
between any two points of contact shall not exceed 9 millimeters. The variation of
the surface from the testing edges of the straightedges between any two points of
contact shall not exceed 9 millimeters for the 3 meter straightedge or 6 millimeters
for the 1 meter straightedge.

b) Tests for conformity with the specified crown and grade shall be made immediately
after initial compression, and all variations shall be corrected by removing or adding
materials where necessary. Rolling shall then be continued as specified.

c) After final rolling and prior to completion of the work, the smoothness of the course
shall be checked again, and the surface corrected to the required tolerances as may be
required.

12.3.7 Inspection

a) The Employer reserves the right to enter the property upon which work is located
for the purpose of inspecting the work. Or for the purpose of installing collateral
work without interfering with the work under contract.
b) The employer, or his auuthorzed representative, will inspect the work performed
under this specification. The Contractor shall furnish all reasonable aid and
assistance required by the inspector for the proper examination of the work.

13. TESTING RESPONSIBILITIES

It is the Contractor responsibility to inspect the placing of fills and asphalt base and test
completed layers, determining the actual qualities and densities attained by appropriate
specified test and / or by extraction of undisturbed samples from the completed fill or
asphalted layer. The results of the test obtained by the Employer and / or the Testing
Agency shall be the basis upon which the satisfactory completion of the compaction is
judged. The Employer has the right to inspect the testing procedure at all times.

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